What does dopamine mean?

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 787 - 793

Published: May 11, 2018

Language: Английский

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Dopamine neuron activity before action initiation gates and invigorates future movements

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 554(7691), P. 244 - 248

Published: Jan. 31, 2018

Language: Английский

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What, If, and When to Move: Basal Ganglia Circuits and Self-Paced Action Initiation

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 459 - 483

Published: April 24, 2019

Deciding what to do and when move is vital our survival. Clinical fundamental studies have identified basal ganglia circuits as critical for this process. The main input nucleus of the ganglia, striatum, receives inputs from frontal, sensory, motor cortices interconnected thalamic areas that provide information about potential goals, context, actions directly or indirectly modulates outputs. striatum also dopaminergic can signal reward prediction errors behavioral transitions movement initiation. Here we review models how direct indirect pathways modulate outputs facilitate initiation, discuss role cortical in determining if it. Complex but exciting scenarios emerge shed new light on self-paced

Language: Английский

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Resynthesizing behavior through phylogenetic refinement

Attention Perception & Psychophysics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 81(7), P. 2265 - 2287

Published: June 3, 2019

This article proposes that biologically plausible theories of behavior can be constructed by following a method "phylogenetic refinement," whereby they are progressively elaborated from simple to complex according phylogenetic data on the sequence changes occurred over course evolution. It is argued sufficient exist make this approach possible, and result more effectively delineate true biological categories neurophysiological mechanisms than do approaches based definitions putative functions inherited psychological traditions. As an example, used sketch theoretical framework how basic feedback control interaction with world was during vertebrate evolution, give rise functional architecture mammalian brain. The results provide conceptual taxonomy naturally map neuroanatomical offer context for defining that, it argued, better grounded in biology some traditional concepts cognitive science.

Language: Английский

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Bridging Neural and Computational Viewpoints on Perceptual Decision-Making

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 41(11), P. 838 - 852

Published: July 13, 2018

Sequential sampling models have been widely embraced in contemporary decision neuroscience. The come many forms that, despite containing fundamentally different algorithmic elements, can make highly similar predictions for behaviour. Consequently, it be difficult to definitively adjudicate between alternative based solely on quantitative fits discovery of brain signals that reflect key neural computations underpinning decision-making is opening new avenues empirically testing and refining model predictions. Neurophysiological research highlighting the multilayered architecture implementing even most elementary sensorimotor decisions. We do not yet know how processing layers are required nor what distinct performed at each layer. provided a dominant theoretical framework guiding computational neurophysiological investigations perceptual decision-making. While these share basic principle decisions formed by accumulating sensory evidence bound, they choice behaviour invoking mechanisms. identification some core formation offers assumptions. Here, we highlight recent efforts explore and, so doing, consider conceptual methodological challenges arise when seeking infer from complex data. term 'decision-making' often calls mind scenarios such as voting an election or selecting course study. Yet, simply perceiving our environment relies continuous stream judgments, known 'perceptual decisions'. In cases, consequential those requiring more abstract judgements (e.g., traffic light red green?). dynamic inhabit, making accurate timely considerable challenge brain, since information receives almost always degree unreliable. Understanding overcomes associated with could also illuminate broader principles computation extend range cognitive operations [1Shadlen M.N. Kiani R. Decision window cognition.Neuron. 2013; 80: 791-806Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (157) Google Scholar]. foundations modern were laid within mathematical psychology, development 'sequential sampling' accumulation (see Glossary) [2Laming D.R.J. Information Theory Choice-Reaction Times. Academic Press, 1968Google Scholar, 3Link S.W. Wave Difference Similarity. Laurence Erlbaum Associates, 1992Google 4Link Heath R.A. A sequential theory psychological discrimination.Psychometrika. 1975; 40: 77-105Crossref (0) 5Ratcliff memory retrieval.Psychol. Rev. 1978; 83: 59-108Crossref 6Vickers D. Processes Visual Perception. 1979Google These long history successfully accounting contexts addition, specify appear mirrored certain components activity rodent [7Hanks T.D. et al.Distinct relationships parietal prefrontal cortices accumulation.Nature. 2015; 520: 220-223Crossref (113) Scholar], monkey [8Gold J.I. Shadlen basis making.Annu. Neurosci. 2007; 30: 535-574Crossref (1574) 9Shadlen al.Comment 'Single-trial spike trains cortex reveal discrete steps during decision-making'.Science. 2016; 351: 1406Crossref (5) human [10Kelly S.P. O'Connell R.G. processes underlying humans: progress future directions.J. Physiol. 109: 27-37Google years witnessed growth confluence identify through which formed, well map, measure, manipulate structures implemented, all anchored sampling. continuing advances given rise expanding repertoire approaches combining viewpoints [11Turner B.M. al.Approaches analysis model-based neuroscience.J. Math. Psychol. 2017; 76: 65-79Crossref (20) this review, shine spotlight trends using one approach, where reflecting aspects bounded used inform models. discuss potential approach providing strong grounds adjudication cases behavioural modelling alone falls short thus, advancing important debates about computations. involved. originally normative minimising time taken achieve level quality-control accuracy [12Wald A. Analysis. Wiley, 1947Google provide quantitatively accounts tasks, including detections discriminations, lexical memory, response inhibition, social value-based (comprehensively reviewed [13Ratcliff al.Diffusion model: current issues history.Trends Cogn. Sci. 20: 260-281Abstract (146) 14Forstmann B.U. al.Sequential neuroscience: advantages, applications, extensions.Annu. 67: 641-666Crossref (79) Scholar]). This powerful class process explain both random systematic variations performance. Furthermore, decompose reaction times into meaningful latent parameters, strength entering ('drift rate'; i.e., expectation distribution being sampled) cumulative quantity trigger commitment ('decision bound'). Ongoing continues fruitfully examine shaped factors speed pressure, value, prior knowledge, distracting information, affected disorders [14Forstmann Many variants exist because there implementations (Box 1). competing mechanisms produce same signature. problem mimicry significantly hampers accounts, has several longstanding debates. To take instructive example, ongoing disagreement whether criterion amount require reach dynamically change decision.Box 1Sequential Sampling Models: Different Flavours Research ObjectivesOver years, developed accumulation. standard, 1D diffusion models, sequence samples Gaussian representing noisy with, say, mean μ∆t rate') variance Δt, accumulated until cumulant reaches upper lower bound. drift rate scales stimulus bounds set balance demands. subject's overall modelled sum takes 'nondecision' additional delays encoding, routing [100Shadlen Shohamy memory.Neuron. 90: 927-939Abstract Scholar] and/or motor execution processes. popular, versatile version model, three parameters (the starting point, nondecision time) fixed but rather vary randomly trial trial, provides significant flexibility capture relatively fast slow errors specific RT shapes [64Ratcliff McKoon G. data two-choice tasks.Neural Comput. 2008; 873-922Crossref (914) Scholar].Both simpler versions developed, among depends goals. general, primarily concerned forging behaviour, serve mechanistically interpretable metrics task Unlike biophysical modelling, generally strive represent details implementation [101Busemeyer J.R. Diederich Cognitive Modeling. Sage, 2010Google Several reduced ease, example excluding trial-to-trial variability relative error responses critical [102Wagenmakers E.J. al.An EZ-diffusion accuracy.Psychon. Bull. 14: 3-22Crossref (297) within-trial noise parameter ('ballistic,' racing accumulators [103Reddi B.A. al.Accuracy, saccadic task.J. Neurophysiol. 2003; 3538-3546Crossref 104Brown S.D. Heathcote simplest complete time: linear ballistic accumulation.Cogn. 57: 153-178Crossref (436) Scholar]).Toward end, leaky accumulator Usher McClelland [105Usher M. J.L. On choice: model.Psychol. 2001; 108: 550-592Crossref parameterises competition leak them, way limited improvements longer viewing durations. Cortical microcircuit reproduce dynamical build-up patterns [40Wang X.J. Probabilistic reverberation cortical circuits.Neuron. 2002; 36: 955-968Abstract (590) 106Wong K.F. Wang recurrent network mechanism integration decisions.J. 2006; 26: 1314-1328Crossref (398) incorporate well-known control circuits, basal ganglia [107Wiecki T.V. Frank M.J. inhibitory frontal ganglia.Psychol. 120: 329-355Crossref An establish straightforward mapping elements sometimes circuit Although ostensibly goals, valuable underexploited territory interface levels hierarchy detailed trends. Over Both Toward subscribed 1), although adjusted across emphasise versus accuracy, any assumed constant over time. 'collapsing' (i.e., ones decrease trial) optimal policy according under common situation varies unpredictably trials weak [15Malhotra al.Time-varying boundaries: insights optimality analysis.Psychon. 25: 971-996Crossref (1) 16Drugowitsch J. al.The cost making.J. 2012; 32: 3612-3628Crossref (170) must made strict deadline 17Frazier P. Yu A.J. hypothesis stochastic deadlines.Adv. Neural. Inf. Process Syst. 465-472Google One main reasons why collapsing incorporated consequences doing so, decreased times, produced bounds, via involving (Figure Establishing prominence beyond matters preference model-fitting approaches. therefore, adjudicating them implications understanding normal abnormal For increasing application studies better understand deficits observed psychiatric populations [18Hauser T.U. al.Increased thresholds extended gathering compulsivity spectrum.Transl. Psychiatry. 7: 1296Crossref 19Ziegler S. al.Modelling ADHD: review ADHD theories their reinforcement learning.Neurosci. Biobehav. 71: 633-656Crossref (4) impairments neurodegenerative disease [20Perugini al.Patients Parkinson's show impaired use priors conditions uncertainty.Curr. Biol. 1902-1910Abstract 21Huang Y.T. al.Different effects dopaminergic medication function difficulty speed-accuracy instructions.Neuropsychologia. 75: 577-587Crossref (9) If clinical population [21Huang Scholar]), explanation faster bound collapse due impulsive aversion missed deadlines) would than greater fluctuations attentional engagement, see below further discussion), respect explanatory disorder treat it. Similarly, trend neuroimaging estimates statistical analyses localise decision-relevant regions 22van Maanen L. al.Neural correlates caution.J. 2011; 31: 17488-17495Crossref (91) again, particular major areas identified interpretation role might actually [23O'Reilly J.X. Mars R.B. Computational neuroimaging: localising Greek letters? Comment Forstmann al.Trends 15: 450Abstract comparisons two qualitative pattern, outcome greatly depend number nature implement relevant above debate, Hawkins al. [24Hawkins G.E. al.Revisiting boundaries urgency decision-making.J. 35: 2476-2484Crossref (70) recently conducted formal sets variability. Bayes Criterion (BIC), balances goodness fit parsimony. authors found explained Of note, however, comparison, included addition describing (nonlinear functions time). As result, disadvantage, BIC penalise complexity. attempt address this, second comparison was contrived model. Again, favoured again questions remain, omitted account qualitatively shape). considered. By contrast, study did showed improved alongside [25Murphy P.R. al.Global gain modulation generates time-dependent humans.Nat. Commun. 13526Crossref (12) Discrepancies discussed difficulties alone. break impasses additionally ability observable biological [26Bollimunta Ditterich Local net cortex.Cereb. Cortex. 22: 903-917Crossref (24) 27Boucher al.Inhibitory brain: interactive race countermanding saccades.Psychol. 114: 376-397Crossref (280) 28Ditterich Distinguishing making.in: Wagenmakers Introduction Model-Based Neuroscience. Springer, 2015: 277-290Crossref 29Purcell al.Neurally constrained modeling making.Psychol. 2010; 117: 1113-1143Crossref (179) 30Purcell Palmeri T.J. Relating dynamics.J. 156-171Crossref (3) 31Purcell al.From salience saccades: multiple-alternative gated visual search.J. 3433-3446Crossref (80) 32Stanford T.R. al.Perceptual less 30 milliseconds.Nat. 13: 379-385Crossref (109) Advances animal neurophysiology broadened possibilities identifying exhibit characteristics line work, single neurons lateral intraparietal area (LIP) shown strongly choice-predictive builds proportional physical [33Shadlen Newsome W.T. Motion perception: seeing deciding.Proc. Natl. Acad. U. 1996; 93: 628-633Crossref 34Gold Banburismus decoding relationship stimuli, decisions, reward.Neuron. 299-308Abstract (353) linearly grows sampled [35Churchland A.K. al.Variance signature making.Neuron. 69: 818-831Abstract (160) stereotyped firing immediately before report [36Roitman J.D. Response interparietal combined discrimination 9475-9489Crossref More recently, electrophysiology established signatures traced global, non-invasively recorded 37O'Connell al.A supramodal accumulation-to-bound signal determines 1729-1735Crossref (225) 38Philiastides M.G. al.Human scalp potentials mixture decision-related choices.J. 2014; 34: 16877-16889Crossref (18) 39de Lange F.P. al.Prestimulus oscillatory reflects expectations.J. 33: 1400-1410Crossref 2). parallel, grounded, biophysically describe plausible configurations capable temporal 41Koulakov A.A. al.Model robust integrator.Nat. 5: 775-782Crossref observe only construction guidance constructing, constraining, abstract, Returning above, make, fact, formation, already predictions.Box 2Probing Decision-Related Neural Activity Non-Invasive

Language: Английский

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Movement Vigor as a Reflection of Subjective Economic Utility

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(5), P. 323 - 336

Published: March 13, 2019

Language: Английский

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Preserved neural dynamics across animals performing similar behaviour

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 623(7988), P. 765 - 771

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Abstract Animals of the same species exhibit similar behaviours that are advantageously adapted to their body and environment. These shaped at level by selection pressures over evolutionary timescales. Yet, it remains unclear how these common behavioural adaptations emerge from idiosyncratic neural circuitry each individual. The overall organization circuits is preserved across individuals 1 because evolutionarily specified developmental programme 2–4 . Such circuit may constrain activity 5–8 , leading low-dimensional latent dynamics population 9–11 Accordingly, here we suggested shared circuit-level constraints within a would lead suitably individuals. We analysed recordings populations monkey mouse motor cortex demonstrate in surprisingly when they perform behaviour. Neural were also animals consciously planned future movements without overt behaviour 12 enabled decoding ongoing movement different Furthermore, found extend beyond cortical regions dorsal striatum, an older structure 13,14 Finally, used network models similarity necessary but not sufficient for this preservation. posit emergent result on brain development thus reflect fundamental properties basis

Language: Английский

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Connecting neuronal circuits for movement

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 360(6396), P. 1403 - 1404

Published: June 28, 2018

Dedicated neuronal circuits mediate execution, choice, and coordination of body action

Language: Английский

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Reinforcement-learning in fronto-striatal circuits

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 147 - 162

Published: Aug. 5, 2021

Language: Английский

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A cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway drives behavioral context-dependent movement initiation

Neuron, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 1, 2021

Executing learned motor behaviors often requires the transformation of sensory cues into patterns commands that generate appropriately timed actions. The cerebellum and thalamus are two key areas involved in shaping cortical output movement, but contribution a cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway to voluntary movement initiation remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how an auditory "go cue" transforms thalamocortical activity these changes relate initiation. Population responses dentate/interpositus-recipient regions reflect time-locked increase immediately prior is temporally uncoupled from go cue, indicative fixed-latency feedforward timing signal. Blocking cerebellar or thalamic suppresses initiation, while stimulation triggers movements behavioral context-dependent manner. Our findings show output, via thalamus, shapes necessary for

Language: Английский

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