Socioeconomic Inequality and the Developing Brain: Spotlight on Language and Executive Function DOI Open Access
Emily C. Merz, Cynthia A. Wiltshire, Kimberly G. Noble

et al.

Child Development Perspectives, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 15 - 20

Published: Oct. 15, 2018

Abstract Robust evidence of the deleterious effects poverty on children's academic achievement has generated considerable interest in neural mechanisms underlying these associations. In studies specific neurocognitive skills, researchers have found pronounced socioeconomic disparities language and executive function (EF) skills. this article, we review research linking factors (e.g., family income, parental education) with brain structure function, focusing systems involved EF. Then, cover potential mediators associations, developmental timing, strategies for prevention intervention. To complement at behavioral level, conclude recommendations integrating measures developing into ongoing work.

Language: Английский

Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood DOI
John H. Gilmore, Rebecca Knickmeyer, Wei Gao

et al.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 123 - 137

Published: Feb. 16, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

793
Beyond the 30-Million-Word Gap: Children’s Conversational Exposure Is Associated With Language-Related Brain Function DOI
Rachel Romeo, Julia A. Leonard,

Sydney T. Robinson

et al.

Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 700 - 710

Published: Feb. 14, 2018

Children’s early language exposure impacts their later linguistic skills, cognitive abilities, and academic achievement, large disparities in are associated with family socioeconomic status (SES). However, there is little evidence about the neural mechanisms underlying relation between experience development. Here, was measured from home audio recordings of 36 SES-diverse 4- to 6-year-old children. During a story-listening functional MRI task, children who had experienced more conversational turns adults—independently SES, IQ, adult-child utterances alone—exhibited greater left inferior frontal (Broca’s area) activation, which significantly explained children’s verbal skill. This first directly relating environments processing, specifying both an environmental mechanism SES skills. Furthermore, results suggest that processing over above or sheer quantity words heard.

Language: Английский

Citations

688
Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review DOI
Katie A. McLaughlin, David G. Weissman,

Debbie Bitrán

et al.

Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 277 - 312

Published: Dec. 13, 2019

An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of neurodevelopment—the dimensional model stress acceleration model—in a systematic review 109 studies using MRI-based measures neural structure function in children adolescents. Consistent with model, exposed to threat had reduced amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampal volume heightened amygdala activation majority studies; these patterns were not observed consistently deprivation. In contrast, altered frontoparietal regions deprivation but threat. Evidence for accelerated development amygdala-mPFC circuits was limited other metrics neurodevelopment. Progress charting neurodevelopmental consequences requires larger samples, longitudinal designs, more precise assessments adversity.

Language: Английский

Citations

583
Studying individual differences in human adolescent brain development DOI
Lucy Foulkes, Sarah‐Jayne Blakemore

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 315 - 323

Published: Jan. 31, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

389
Environmental influences on the pace of brain development DOI Creative Commons
Ursula A. Tooley, Danielle S. Bassett,

Allyson P. Mackey

et al.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 372 - 384

Published: April 28, 2021

Childhood socio-economic status (SES), a measure of the availability material and social resources, is one strongest predictors lifelong well-being. Here we review evidence that experiences associated with childhood SES affect not only outcome but also pace brain development. We argue higher protracted structural development prolonged trajectory functional network segregation, ultimately leading to more efficient cortical networks in adulthood. hypothesize greater exposure chronic stress accelerates maturation, whereas access novel positive decelerates maturation. discuss impact variation on plasticity learning. provide generative theoretical framework catalyse future basic science translational research environmental influences Evidence suggests can its rate. Tooley, Bassett Mackey this suggest valence frequency early interact influence

Language: Английский

Citations

365
Conduct disorder DOI
Graeme Fairchild, David J. Hawes, Paul J. Frick

et al.

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: June 27, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

292
How psychology can help limit climate change. DOI
Kristian Steensen Nielsen, Susan Clayton, Paul C. Stern

et al.

American Psychologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 76(1), P. 130 - 144

Published: March 23, 2020

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has encouraged psychologists to become part of the integrated scientific effort support achievement climate change targets such as keeping within 1.5C or 2C global warming.To date, typical psychological approach been demonstrate that specific concepts and theories can predict behaviors contribute mitigate change.Psychologists need go further, in particular show integrating into feasible interventions reduce greenhouse gas emissions far more than would be achieved without integration.While critiquing some aspects current approaches, we describe research is pointing way by distinguishing different types behavior, acknowledging sociocultural context, collaborating with other disciplines.Engaging this challenge offers new opportunities for promoting mitigation, advancing understanding, developing better interdisciplinary interactions.

Language: Английский

Citations

276
The role of high-socioeconomic-status people in locking in or rapidly reducing energy-driven greenhouse gas emissions DOI Open Access
Kristian Steensen Nielsen, Kimberly A. Nicholas, Felix Creutzig

et al.

Nature Energy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(11), P. 1011 - 1016

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

239
Language Exposure Relates to Structural Neural Connectivity in Childhood DOI Open Access
Rachel Romeo,

Joshua Segaran,

Julia A. Leonard

et al.

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 38(36), P. 7870 - 7877

Published: Aug. 13, 2018

Neuroscience research has elucidated broad relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and young children9s brain structure, but there is little mechanistic knowledge about specific environmental factors that are associated with variation in structure. One factor, early language exposure, predicts linguistic cognitive skills later academic achievement, how exposure relates to neuroanatomy unknown. By measuring the real-world of children (ages 4–6 years, 27 male/13 female), we confirmed preregistered hypothesis greater adult-child conversational experience, independent SES sheer amount adult speech, related stronger, more coherent white matter connectivity left arcuate superior longitudinal fasciculi on average, specifically near their anterior termination at Broca9s area inferior frontal cortex. Fractional anisotropy significant tract subregions mediated relationship turns indicated a neuroanatomical mechanism underlying "language gap." Post hoc whole-brain analyses revealed was not any other tracts, indicating specificity this relationship. Results suggest development dorsal tracts environmentally influenced, by early, dialogic interaction. Furthermore, these findings raise possibility intervention programs aiming ameliorate disadvantages due family may focus increasing capitalize neural plasticity development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Over last decade, neuroscience highlighted detrimental impact disadvantaged backgrounds However, intervene effectively, must know which proximal aspects most strongly The present study finds conversation, correlates strength hemisphere pathway connecting two canonical regions, volume speech. These close achievement gap

Language: Английский

Citations

226
Executive function and academic achievement: Longitudinal relations from early childhood to adolescence. DOI
Sammy F. Ahmed, Sandra Tang, Nicholas E. Waters

et al.

Journal of Educational Psychology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 111(3), P. 446 - 458

Published: Aug. 16, 2018

Data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care (N = 1273) were analyzed to assess longitudinal relations among executive function (EF) components in early childhood (54 months) and adolescence (15 years) their prediction academic achievement.We found that after controlling for achievement, demographic home environment variables, only working memory at 54 months significantly predicted 15 years was significant EF predictor achievement age 15.In contrast, all measures predictors later achievement.Further, no or variables 15, maternal education explained variance adolescent math literacy achievement.These findings demonstrate predictability highlight its importance outcomes across development.However, lack associations preschool inhibition attention measures, corresponding suggests need more developmentally sensitive EF.Given used this study are commonly educational psychological research, care should go into understanding psychometric properties development.

Language: Английский

Citations

212