Locus coeruleus: a new look at the blue spot

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 644 - 659

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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Sleep Spindles: Mechanisms and Functions

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 100(2), P. 805 - 868

Published: Dec. 5, 2019

Sleep spindles are burstlike signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of sleeping mammalian brain and electrical surface correlates neuronal oscillations thalamus. As one most inheritable sleep EEG signatures, probably reflect strength malleability thalamocortical circuits that underlie individual cognitive profiles. We review characteristics, organization, regulation, origins their implication non-rapid-eye-movement (NREMS) its functions, focusing on human rodent. Spatially, spindle-related activity appears scales ranging from small thalamic to functional cortical areas, generates a state favoring intracortical plasticity while limiting output. Temporally, discrete events, part continuous power band, elements grouped an infraslow time scale over which NREMS alternates between continuity fragility. synthesize diverse seemingly unlinked functions for architecture, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity, memory formation, abilities into unifying spindle concept, according 1) generate neural conditions large-scale connectivity outlast appearance as 2) appear preferentially engaged learning attention-based experience during wakefulness, 3) enable selective reactivation routing wake-instated traces areas such hippocampus cortex. Their fine spatiotemporal organization reflects physiological coordinated body may indicate, if not anticipate ultimately differentiate, pathologies neurodevelopmental, -degenerative, -psychiatric conditions.

Language: Английский

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Active control of arousal by a locus coeruleus GABAergic circuit

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 218 - 228

Published: Jan. 3, 2019

Language: Английский

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Rapid Reconfiguration of the Functional Connectome after Chemogenetic Locus Coeruleus Activation

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 103(4), P. 702 - 718.e5

Published: June 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Neuromodulation of Brain State and Behavior

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 391 - 415

Published: April 6, 2020

Neural activity and behavior are both notoriously variable, with responses differing widely between repeated presentation of identical stimuli or trials. Recent results in humans animals reveal that these variations not random their nature, but may fact be due large part to rapid shifts neural, cognitive, behavioral states. Here we review recent advances the understanding waking state, how generated, they modulate neural mice humans. We propose brain has an identifiable set states through which it wanders continuously a nonrandom fashion, owing ascending modulatory fast-acting corticocortical subcortical-cortical pathways. These state provide backdrop upon operates, them is critical making progress revealing mechanisms underlying cognition behavior.

Language: Английский

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Redefining Noradrenergic Neuromodulation of Behavior: Impacts of a Modular Locus Coeruleus Architecture

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 39(42), P. 8239 - 8249

Published: Oct. 16, 2019

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a seemingly singular and compact neuromodulatory nucleus that prominent component of disparate theories brain function due to its broad noradrenergic projections throughout the CNS. As diffuse system, noradrenaline affects learning decision making, control sleep wakefulness, sensory salience including pain, physiology correlated forebrain activity (ensembles networks) hemodynamic responses. However, our understanding LC undergoing dramatic shift application state-of-the-art methods reveal many modules provide targeted neuromodulation. Here, we review evidence supporting modular based on multiple levels observation (developmental, genetic, molecular, anatomical, neurophysiological). We suggest concept as and, alongside it, role in diverse must be reconsidered.

Language: Английский

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Locus coeruleus norepinephrine activity mediates sensory-evoked awakenings from sleep

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(15)

Published: April 8, 2020

A defining feature of sleep is reduced responsiveness to external stimuli, but the mechanisms mediating sensory-evoked arousal remain unclear. We hypothesized that locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) activity during mediates unresponsiveness, and its action promotes awakenings. tested this using electrophysiological, behavioral, pharmacological, optogenetic techniques alongside auditory stimulation in freely behaving rats. found systemic reduction NE signaling lowered probability sound-evoked awakenings (SEAs). The level tonic LC anticipated SEAs. Optogenetic activation promoted as evident sleep-wake transitions, EEG desynchronization, pupil dilation. Minimal excitation before sound presentation increased SEA probability. silencing a soma-targeted anion-conducting channelrhodopsin (stGtACR2) suppressed spiking constricted pupils. Brief periods opto-silencing Thus, LC-NE determines likelihood awakenings, constitutes key factor behavioral unresponsiveness.

Language: Английский

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The role of the locus coeruleus in the generation of pathological anxiety

Brain and Neuroscience Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 239821282093032 - 239821282093032

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

This review aims to synthesise a large pre-clinical and clinical literature related hypothesised role of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system in responses acute chronic threat, as well emergence pathological anxiety. The has widespread projections throughout central nervous system, which act globally modulate arousal states adaptive behavior, crucially positioned play significant modulating both ascending visceral descending cortical neurocognitive information. In response threat or stressor, coeruleus–norepinephrine modulates arousal, alerting orienting functions can have powerful effect on regulation multiple memory systems. Chronic stress leads amplification reactivity subsequent stressors, is coupled with anxiety-like behaviors rodents. While direct vivo evidence for dysfunction humans anxiety remains limited, recent advances high-resolution 7-T magnetic resonance imaging computational modeling approaches are starting provide new insights into characteristics.

Language: Английский

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Neuromodulation in circuits of aversive emotional learning

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(10), P. 1586 - 1597

Published: Sept. 24, 2019

Language: Английский

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Locus Coeruleus Norepinephrine in Learned Behavior: Anatomical Modularity and Spatiotemporal Integration in Targets

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 7, 2021

The locus coeruleus (LC), a small brainstem nucleus, is the primary source of neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) in brain. LC receives input from widespread brain regions, and projects throughout forebrain, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord. neurons release NE to control arousal, but also context variety sensory-motor behavioral functions. Despite its brain-wide effects, much about role LC-NE behavior circuits controlling activity unknown. New evidence suggests that modular input-output organization could enable transient, task-specific modulation distinct regions. Future work must further assess whether this spatial modularity coincides with functional differences subpopulations acting at specific times, how such spatiotemporal specificity might influence learned behaviors. Here, we summarize state field present new ideas on

Language: Английский

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