Cerebellar Functional Anatomy: a Didactic Summary Based on Human fMRI Evidence

The Cerebellum, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 1 - 5

Published: Nov. 9, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Structural Disconnections Explain Brain Network Dysfunction after Stroke

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 2527 - 2540.e9

Published: Sept. 1, 2019

Stroke causes focal brain lesions that disrupt functional connectivity (FC), a measure of activity synchronization, throughout distributed networks. It is often assumed FC disruptions reflect damage to specific cortical regions. However, an alternative explanation they the structural disconnection (SDC) white matter pathways. Here, we compare these explanations using data from 114 stroke patients. Across multiple analyses, find SDC measures outperform measures, including putative critical regions, for explaining associated with stroke. We also identify core mode structure-function covariation links severity interhemispheric SDCs widespread across patients and correlates deficits in behavioral domains. conclude lesion's impact on connectome what determines its may play particularly important role mediating after

Language: Английский

---

Defining Individual-Specific Functional Neuroanatomy for Precision Psychiatry

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 88(1), P. 28 - 39

Published: Nov. 7, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Default-mode network streams for coupling to language and control systems

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(29), P. 17308 - 17319

Published: July 6, 2020

Significance The human brain is organized into large networks. One important network the Default network, which enables cognitive functions such as social thinking, memory, and reward. In group-averaged data, this emerges a unitary whole, despite its involvement in multiple functions. Here, we tested whether networks found individual humans, rather than group-average networks, contain substructure. individuals, consistently nine subnetworks within network. These matched activity patterns during tasks. Some resembled circuits involved specific Others linked to other summary, study describes set of humans.

Language: Английский

---

Rapid Precision Functional Mapping of Individuals Using Multi-Echo fMRI

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(12), P. 108540 - 108540

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used in cognitive and clinical neuroscience, but long-duration scans are currently needed to reliably characterize individual differences connectivity (FC) brain network topology. In this report, we demonstrate that multi-echo fMRI can improve the reliability of FC-based measurements. four densely sampled humans, just 10 min data yielded better test-retest than 30 single-echo independent datasets. This effect pronounced clinically important regions, including subgenual cingulate, basal ganglia, cerebellum, linked three biophysical signal mechanisms (thermal noise, regional variability rate T2∗ decay, S0-dependent artifacts) with spatially distinct influences. Together, these findings establish potential utility for rapid precision mapping using experimentally tractable scan times will facilitate longitudinal neuroimaging populations.

Language: Английский

---

The basal ganglia and the cerebellum in human emotion

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 599 - 613

Published: May 1, 2020

Abstract The basal ganglia (BG) and the cerebellum historically have been relegated to a functional role in producing or modulating motor output. Recent research, however, has emphasized importance of these subcortical structures multiple domains, including affective processes such as emotion recognition, subjective feeling elicitation reward valuation. pathways through thalamus that connect BG directly each other with extensive regions cortex provide structural basis for their combined influence on limbic function. By regulating cortical oscillations guide learning strengthening rewarded behaviors thought patterns achieve desired goal state, can shape way an individual emotional stimuli. This review will discuss basic structure function propose updated view human processing.

Language: Английский

---

High-resolution connectomic fingerprints: Mapping neural identity and behavior

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 229, P. 117695 - 117695

Published: Jan. 9, 2021

Connectomes are typically mapped at low resolution based on a specific brain parcellation atlas. Here, we investigate high-resolution connectomes independent of any atlas, propose new methodologies to facilitate their mapping and demonstrate utility in predicting behavior identifying individuals. Using structural, functional diffusion-weighted MRI acquired 1000 healthy adults, aimed map the cortical correlates identity ultra-high spatial resolution. methods sparse matrix representations, computationally feasible connectomic approach that improves neural fingerprinting prediction. this approach, find multimodal gradients individual uniqueness reside association cortices. Furthermore, our analyses identified striking dichotomy between facets person's best predict cognition, compared those differentiate them from other Functional connectivity was one most accurate predictors behavior, yet resided among weakest differentiators identity; whereas converse found for morphological properties, such as curvature. This study provides insights into basis personal tools ultra-high-resolution connectomics.

Language: Английский

---

Controversies and progress on standardization of large-scale brain network nomenclature

Network Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 864 - 905

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Progress in scientific disciplines is accompanied by standardization of terminology. Network neuroscience, at the level macroscale organization brain, beginning to confront challenges associated with developing a taxonomy its fundamental explanatory constructs. The Workgroup for HArmonized Taxonomy NETworks (WHATNET) was formed 2020 as an Organization Human Brain Mapping (OHBM)-endorsed best practices committee provide recommendations on points consensus, identify open questions, and highlight areas ongoing debate service moving field toward standardized reporting network neuroscience results. conducted survey catalog current large-scale brain nomenclature. A few well-known names (e.g., default mode network) dominated responses survey, number illuminating disagreement emerged. We summarize results initial considerations from workgroup. This perspective piece includes selective review this enterprise, including (1) scale, resolution, hierarchies; (2) interindividual variability networks; (3) dynamics nonstationarity (4) consideration affiliations subcortical structures; (5) multimodal information. close minimal guidelines cognitive communities adopt.

Language: Английский

---

Psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 632(8023), P. 131 - 138

Published: July 17, 2024

Abstract A single dose of psilocybin, a psychedelic that acutely causes distortions space–time perception and ego dissolution, produces rapid persistent therapeutic effects in human clinical trials 1–4 . In animal models, psilocybin induces neuroplasticity cortex hippocampus 5–8 It remains unclear how brain network changes relate to subjective lasting psychedelics. Here we tracked individual-specific with longitudinal precision functional mapping (roughly 18 magnetic resonance imaging visits per participant). Healthy adults were before, during for 3 weeks after high-dose (25 mg) methylphenidate (40 mg), brought back an additional 6–12 months later. Psilocybin massively disrupted connectivity (FC) subcortex, causing more than threefold greater change methylphenidate. These FC driven by desynchronization across spatial scales (areal, global), which dissolved distinctions reducing correlations within anticorrelations between networks. Psilocybin-driven strongest the default mode network, is connected anterior thought create our sense space, time self. Individual differences strongly linked experience. Performing perceptual task reduced psilocybin-driven changes. caused decrease weeks. Persistent reduction hippocampal-default may represent neuroanatomical mechanistic correlate proplasticity

Language: Английский

---

Human cerebellar organoids with functional Purkinje cells

Cell stem cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 39 - 51.e6

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---