Neural
activity
in
the
mammalian
cortex
has
been
studied
extensively
during
decision
tasks,
and
recent
work
aims
to
identify
under
what
conditions
is
actually
necessary
for
these
tasks.
We
discovered
that
mice
with
distinct
cognitive
experiences,
beyond
sensory
motor
learning,
use
different
cortical
areas
neural
patterns
solve
same
navigation
task,
revealing
past
learning
as
a
critical
determinant
of
whether
goal-directed
navigation.
used
optogenetics
calcium
imaging
study
necessity
multiple
training
histories.
Posterior
parietal
retrosplenial
were
mostly
dispensable
accurate
performance
simple
task.
In
contrast,
essential
task
when
previously
trained
on
complex
tasks
delay
periods
or
association
switches.
Multiarea
showed
that,
complex-task
experience,
single-neuron
had
higher
selectivity
neuron–neuron
correlations
weaker,
leading
codes
information.
Therefore,
experience
key
factor
determining
have
causal
role
Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: May 10, 2021
Perineuronal
nets
(PNNs)
are
specialized
extracellular
matrix
structures
that
surround
specific
neurons
in
the
brain
and
spinal
cord,
appear
during
critical
periods
of
development,
restrict
plasticity
adulthood.
Removal
PNNs
can
reinstate
juvenile-like
or,
cases
PNN
removal
early
developmental
stages,
extends
period.
mainly
parvalbumin
(PV)-containing,
fast-spiking
GABAergic
interneurons
several
regions.
These
inhibitory
profoundly
inhibit
network
surrounding
via
their
elaborate
contacts
with
local
pyramidal
neurons,
they
key
contributors
to
gamma
oscillations
generated
across
Among
other
functions,
these
regulate
associated
learning,
decision
making,
attention,
cognitive
flexibility,
working
memory.
The
detailed
mechanisms
by
which
increases
only
beginning
be
understood.
Here,
we
review
impact
on
electrophysiological
features
underlying
PV
nearby
including
changes
intrinsic
synaptic
membrane
properties,
oscillations,
how
may
alter
integration
memory-related
information.
Additionally,
affects
plasticity-associated
phenomena
such
as
long-term
potentiation
(LTP),
depression
(LTD),
paired-pulse
ratio
(PPR).
results
discussed
context
role
circuit
function
alters
this
function.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
600(7887), P. 100 - 104
Published: Oct. 6, 2021
Interactions
between
the
mediodorsal
thalamus
and
prefrontal
cortex
are
critical
for
cognition.
Studies
in
humans
indicate
that
these
interactions
may
resolve
uncertainty
decision-making1,
but
precise
mechanisms
unknown.
Here
we
identify
two
distinct
projections
to
have
complementary
mechanistic
roles
decision-making
under
uncertainty.
Specifically,
found
a
dopamine
receptor
(D2)-expressing
projection
amplifies
signals
when
task
inputs
sparse
kainate
(GRIK4)
expressing-projection
suppresses
noise
dense
conflicting.
Collectively,
our
data
suggest
there
brain
handling
due
low
versus
high
noise,
provide
entry
point
correcting
abnormalities
disorders
prominent
component2-6.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
42(6), P. 1035 - 1053
Published: Dec. 9, 2021
The
synaptic
balance
between
excitation
and
inhibition
(E/I
balance)
is
a
fundamental
principle
of
cortical
circuits,
disruptions
in
E/I
are
commonly
linked
to
cognitive
deficits
such
as
impaired
decision-making.
Explanatory
gaps
remain
mechanistic
understanding
how
contributes
computations,
at
the
level
can
propagate
induce
behavioral
deficits.
Here,
we
studied
perturbations
may
impair
perceptual
decision-making
biophysically-based
association
circuit
model.
We
found
that
both
elevating
lowering
ratio,
via
NMDA
receptor
(NMDAR)
hypofunction
inhibitory
interneurons
excitatory
pyramidal
neurons,
respectively,
similarly
psychometric
performance,
following
an
inverted-U
dependence.
Nonetheless,
these
differentially
alter
process
evidence
accumulation
across
time.
Under
elevated
impulsive,
overweighting
early
underweighting
late
evidence.
lowered
indecisive,
with
integration
winner-take-all
competition
weakened.
distinct
time
courses
be
measured
level,
using
multiple
psychophysical
task
paradigms
which
provide
dissociable
predictions.
These
results
well
captured
by
generalized
drift-diffusion
model
(DDM)
self-coupling,
implementing
leaky
or
unstable
integration,
thereby
links
biophysical
modeling
algorithmic
facilitates
fitting
choice
data.
In
general,
our
findings
characterize
critical
roles
function,
bridging
from
levels
analysis.SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
Cognitive
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
including
schizophrenia,
have
been
associated
alterations
(E/I)
cerebral
circuits.
However,
mechanisms
imbalance
leads
remained
unclear.
used
computational
circuits
study
neural
effects
imbalance.
ratio
produce
modes
dysfunction
processes,
dissociated
behavior
through
paradigms.
mapped
onto
psychological
facilitate
experimental
tests
