Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 260 - 271

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Machine Learning Methods for Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Functional and Structural MRI: A Survey

Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Here we summarize recent progress in machine learning model for diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity (ADHD). We outline describe the machine-learning, especially deep-learning, techniques that are suitable addressing research questions this domain, pitfalls available methods, as well future directions field. envision a where ASD, ADHD, other mental disorders is accomplished, quantified using imaging techniques, such MRI, machine-learning models.

Language: Английский

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Spinal Cord fMRI: A New Window into the Central Nervous System

The Neuroscientist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 715 - 731

Published: July 13, 2022

With the brain, spinal cord forms central nervous system. Initially considered a passive relay between brain and periphery, is now recognized as being active plastic. Yet, it remains largely overlooked by human neuroscience community, in stark contrast with wealth of research investigating brain. In this review, we argue that fMRI, traditionally used to image cerebral function, can be extended beyond help unravel mechanisms involved behaviors. To end, first outline strategies have been proposed tackle challenges inherent fMRI. Then, discuss how they utilized provide insights into functional organization sensorimotor circuits, highlighting their potential address fundamental clinical questions. By summarizing guidelines applications hope stimulate support further promising yet underexplored field.

Language: Английский

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Towards reliable spinal cord fMRI: Assessment of common imaging protocols

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 250, P. 118964 - 118964

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has revolutionized the investigation of brain function. Similar approaches can be translated to probe spinal mechanisms. However, cord remains challenging, notably due its size and location. Technological advances are gradually tackling these issues, though there is yet no consensus on optimal acquisition protocols. In this study, we assessed performance three sequences during a simple motor task at rest, in 15 healthy humans. Building upon recent literature, selected protocols: sequence integrating outer volume suppression (OVS) two implementing inner field-of-view (ZOOMit) with different spatial temporal resolutions. Images acquired using OVS appeared more prone breathing-induced signal fluctuations, they exhibited higher signal-to-noise ratio than ZOOMit sequences. Conversely, was for schemes. spite differences properties, all yielded comparable detecting group-level task-related activity, observed expected levels. Nevertheless, our results suggest superior sensitivity robustness patterns imaged scheme. To analyze data deployed dynamic functional connectivity framework, SpiCiCAP, evaluated ability schemes disentangle intrinsic signals. We demonstrated that meaningful subdivisions cord's architecture could uncovered sequences, similar spatio-temporal properties across parameters. Cleaner stable components were, however, obtained This study emphasizes potential fMRI as robust tool image activity vivo it highlights specificities similarities methods. represents key step towards establishment standardized

Language: Английский

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Altered Spinal Cord Functional Connectivity Associated with Parkinson's Disease Progression

Movement Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 636 - 645

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Abstract Background Parkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been viewed as an α‐synucleinopathy brain pathology. Yet evidence based on postmortem human and animal experimental models indicates that the spinal cord may also be affected. Objective Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) seems to a promising candidate better characterize functional organization in PD patients. Methods Resting‐state fMRI was performed 70 patients 24 age‐matched healthy controls, being divided into three groups their motor symptom severity: low (n = 24), med 22), adv 24) groups. A combination of independent component analysis (ICA) seed‐based approach applied. Results When pooling all participants, ICA revealed distinct ventral dorsal components distributed along rostro‐caudal axis. This highly reproducible within subgroups controls. severity, assessed by Unified Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores, associated with decrease connectivity (FC). Notably, we observed reduced intersegmental correlation compared latter negatively patients' upper‐limb UPDRS scores ( P 0.0085). negative association between FC significant adjacent C4–C5 0.015) C5–C6 0.20) cervical segments, levels functions. Conclusions The present study provides first changes opens new avenues for effective diagnosis therapeutic strategies PD. underscores how can serve powerful tool characterize, vivo, circuits variety neurological diseases. © 2023 Authors. Movement Disorders published Wiley Periodicals LLC behalf International Parkinson Disorder Society.

Language: Английский

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Spinal fMRI demonstrates segmental organisation of functionally connected networks in the cervical spinal cord: A test–retest reliability study

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(2)

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Abstract Resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified intrinsic spinal cord activity, which forms organised motor (ventral) and sensory (dorsal) resting‐state networks. However, to facilitate the use of fMRI in, for example, clinical studies, it is crucial first assess reliability method, particularly given unique anatomical, physiological, methodological challenges associated with acquiring data. Here, we characterise connectivity relationships in cervical their between‐session test–retest 23 young healthy volunteers. Resting‐state networks were estimated two ways (1) by estimating seed‐to‐voxel maps (2) calculating seed‐to‐seed correlations. Seed regions corresponded four grey matter horns (ventral/dorsal left/right) C5–C8 segmental levels. Test–retest was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient. Spatial overlap clusters derived from analysis between sessions examined Dice coefficients. Following analysis, observed distinct unilateral dorsal ventral organisation that largely confined rostro–caudal extent each level, more sparse connections segments. Additionally, strongest correlations within‐segment ipsilateral dorsal–ventral connections, followed dorso–dorsal ventro–ventral connections. these mixed. Reliability poor when on a voxelwise promising indications examining average signal within clusters. strength seeds highly variable, highest achieved dorso‐dorsal/ventro–ventral connectivity. spatial excellent. We demonstrate while mixed, similar across sessions, suggesting are characterised consistent representation over time.

Language: Английский

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Structural and resting state functional connectivity beyond the cortex

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 118379 - 118379

Published: July 10, 2021

Mapping the structural and functional connectivity of central nervous system has become a key area within neuroimaging research. While detailed network structures across entire brain have been probed using animal models, non-invasive in humans thus far dominated by cortical investigations. Beyond cortex, subcortical nuclei traditionally less accessible due to their smaller size greater distance from radio frequency coils. However, major developments now provide improved signal resolution required study these structures. Here, we present an overview between amygdala, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord rest brain. limitations imaging analyses remain, also some recommendations considerations for mapping beyond cortex.

Language: Английский

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Investigating the human spinal sensorimotor pathways through functional magnetic resonance imaging

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 245, P. 118684 - 118684

Published: Oct. 31, 2021

Most of our knowledge about the human spinal ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) pathways comes from non-invasive electrophysiological investigations. However, recent methodological advances in acquisition analyses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data cord, either alone or combination with brain, have allowed us to gain further insights into organization this structure. In current review, we conducted a systematic search produced somatotopic maps fMRI activity observed through different somatosensory, motor resting-state paradigms. By cross-referencing these neuroimaging findings acquired neurophysiological recordings, review demonstrates that is powerful tool for exploring, vivo, cord pathways. We report strong cross-validation between task-related accordance well-known hemicord, postero-anterior rostro-caudal also highlight specific advantages using clinical settings characterize better spinal-related impairments, predict disease progression, guide implementation therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Recent developments and future avenues for human corticospinal neuroimaging

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Non-invasive neuroimaging serves as a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms within central nervous system (CNS) related to somatosensory and motor processing, emotions, memory, cognition, other functions. Despite extensive use of brain imaging, spinal cord imaging has received relatively less attention, regardless its potential study peripheral communications with descending corticospinal systems. To comprehensively understand neural underlying human sensory functions, particularly in pathological conditions, simultaneous examination neuronal activity both becomes imperative. Although technically demanding terms data acquisition analysis, growing but limited number studies have successfully utilized specialized protocols imaging. These effectively assessed sensorimotor, autonomic, interneuronal signaling cord, revealing interactions cortical processes brain. In this mini-review, we aim examine expanding body literature that employs cutting-edge investigate flow sensorimotor information between cord. Additionally, will provide concise overview recent advancements functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) techniques. Furthermore, discuss future perspectives aimed at enhancing our comprehension large-scale networks CNS their disruptions clinical disorders. This collective knowledge aid refining combined fMRI methodologies, leading development clinically relevant biomarkers conditions affecting processing CNS.

Language: Английский

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NREM sleep stages specifically alter dynamical integration of large-scale brain networks

iScience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 101923 - 101923

Published: Dec. 11, 2020

Functional dissociations in the brain observed during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep have been associated with reduced information integration and impaired consciousness that accompany increasing depth. Here, we explored dynamical properties of large-scale functional networks derived from transient activity using magnetic resonance imaging. Spatial maps generally display significant modifications terms their tendency to occur across wakefulness NREM sleep. Unexpectedly, almost all predominated stage 2 before an abrupt loss is 3. Yet, connectivity mutual dependencies between these progressively broke down Thus, efficiency transfer low despite high attempt communicate. Critically, our approach provides relevant data for evaluating network integrity findings robustly support a advance neural models human consciousness.

Language: Английский

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