Cardiogenic control of affective behavioural state

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 615(7951), P. 292 - 299

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract Emotional states influence bodily physiology, as exemplified in the top-down process by which anxiety causes faster beating of heart 1–3 . However, whether an increased rate might itself induce or fear responses is unclear 3–8 Physiological theories emotion, proposed over a century ago, have considered that general, there could be important and even dominant flow information from body to brain 9 Here, formally test this idea, we developed noninvasive optogenetic pacemaker for precise, cell-type-specific control cardiac rhythms up 900 beats per minute freely moving mice, enabled wearable micro-LED harness systemic viral delivery potent pump-like channelrhodopsin. We found optically evoked tachycardia potently enhanced anxiety-like behaviour, but crucially only risky contexts, indicating both central (brain) peripheral (body) processes may involved development emotional states. To identify potential mechanisms, used whole-brain activity screening electrophysiology find regions were activated imposed rhythms. identified posterior insular cortex mediator bottom-up interoceptive processing, inhibition region attenuated behaviour was induced optical pacing. Together, these findings reveal cells must together understand origins affective More broadly, our results define generalizable approach noninvasive, temporally precise functional investigations joint organism-wide interactions among targeted during behaviour.

Language: Английский

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The integrated brain network that controls respiration

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 8, 2023

Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration ensures that the frequency and depth breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In addition, respiratory control network has organize muscular synergies integrate ventilation with posture body movement. Finally, coupled cardiovascular emotion. Here, we argue can handle this all by integrating brainstem central pattern generator circuit in larger also comprises cerebellum. Although currently not generally recognized as center, cerebellum well known for its coordinating modulating role motor behavior, autonomic nervous system. review, discuss regions involved respiration, their anatomical functional interactions. We how sensory feedback result adaptation these mechanisms be compromised various neurological psychological disorders. demonstrate generators are part integrated regions.

Language: Английский

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A functional subdivision within the somatosensory system and its implications for pain research

Neuron, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(5), P. 749 - 769

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Linking emotional valence and anxiety in a mouse insula-amygdala circuit

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Abstract Responses of the insular cortex (IC) and amygdala to stimuli positive negative valence are altered in patients with anxiety disorders. However, neural coding both by IC neurons remains unknown. Using fiber photometry recordings mice, we uncover a selective increase activity projection anterior (aIC), but not posterior (pIC) section, when animals exploring anxiogenic spaces, this is proportional level mice. Neurons aIC also respond valence, strength response strong mice levels anxiety. ex vivo electrophysiology, characterized connection basolateral (BLA), employed projection-specific optogenetics reveal properties aIC-BLA neurons. Finally, identified that activated as well aversive stimuli, activities positively correlated. Altogether, common neurobiological substrate linking anxiety-related information behaviors, which provides starting point understand how alterations these populations contribute psychiatric

Language: Английский

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Social circuits and their dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. 3194 - 3206

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Social behaviors, how individuals act cooperatively and competitively with conspecifics, are widely seen across species. Rodents display various social many different behavioral paradigms have been used for investigating their neural circuit bases. behavior is highly vulnerable to brain network dysfunction caused by neurological neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Studying mouse models of ASD provides a promising avenue toward elucidating mechanisms abnormal potential therapeutic targets treatment. In this review, we outline recent progress key findings on underlying behavior, particular emphasis rodent studies that monitor manipulate the activity specific circuits using modern systems neuroscience approaches. mediated distributed brain-wide among major cortical (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, insular (IC)) subcortical nucleus accumbens, basolateral amygdala (BLA), ventral tegmental area) structures, influenced multiple neuromodulatory oxytocin, dopamine, serotonin). We particularly draw special attention IC unique area mediates multisensory integration, encoding ongoing interaction, decision-making, emotion, empathy. Additionally, synthesis demonstrates dysfunctions in mPFC-BLA circuitry neuromodulation prominent. Pharmacological rescues local or systemic oral) administration drugs provided valuable clues developing new agents ASD. Future efforts technological advances will push forward next frontiers field, elucidation inter-brain dynamics during real virtual interactions, establishment circuit-based therapy affecting functions.

Language: Английский

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Habitual daily intake of a sweet and fatty snack modulates reward processing in humans

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(4), P. 571 - 584.e6

Published: March 22, 2023

Western diets rich in fat and sugar promote excess calorie intake weight gain; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Despite a well-documented association between obesity altered brain dopamine function, it remains elusive whether these alterations (1) pre-existing, increasing individual susceptibility to gain, (2) secondary obesity, or (3) directly attributable repeated exposure western diet. To close this gap, we performed randomized, controlled study (NCT05574660) with normal-weight participants exposed high-fat/high-sugar snack low-fat/low-sugar for 8 weeks addition their regular The intervention decreased preference low-fat food while response associative learning independent of cues reward. These were changes body metabolic parameters, indicating direct effect high-fat, high-sugar foods on neurobehavioral adaptations that may increase risk overeating gain.

Language: Английский

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An insula hierarchical network architecture for active interoceptive inference

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(6)

Published: June 1, 2022

In the brain, insular cortex receives a vast amount of interoceptive information, ascending through deep brain structures, from multiple visceral organs. The unique hierarchical and modular architecture insula suggests specialization for processing afferents. Yet, biological significance insula's neuroanatomical architecture, in relation to remains obscure. this opinion piece, we propose Insula Hierarchical Modular Adaptive Interoception Control (IMAC) model suggest that modules (granular, dysgranular agranular), forming parallel networks with prefrontal striatum, are specialized form higher order representations. These representations recruited context-dependent manner support habitual, model-based exploratory control organs physiological processes. We discuss how may give rise conscious feelings best explain lower representations, serve defend body mind against pathological depression.

Language: Английский

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Neurobiology of eating behavior, nutrition, and health

Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 294(5), P. 582 - 604

Published: July 10, 2023

Eating behavior and food-related decision making are among the most complex of motivated behaviors, understanding neurobiology eating behavior, its developmental dynamics, is critical to advancing nutritional sciences public health. Recent advances from both human animal studies revealing that individual capacity make health-promoting food decisions varies based on biological physiological variation in signaling pathways regulate homeostatic, hedonic, executive functions; past exposures current life-stage; environment; complications chronic disease reinforce obese state. rate drives increased calorie intake represents an important opportunity lower rates consumption energy through product reformulation. Understanding behaviors nutrition context neuroscience can strengthen evidence base which dietary guidelines derived inform policies, practices, educational programs a way increases likelihood they adopted effective for reducing obesity other diet-related disease.

Language: Английский

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A computationally informed distinction of interoception and exteroception

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 105608 - 105608

Published: March 2, 2024

While interoception is of major neuroscientific interest, its precise definition and delineation from exteroception continue to be debated. Here, we propose a functional distinction between based on computational concepts sensor-effector loops. Under this view, the classification sensory inputs as serving or depends loop they feed into, for control either bodily (physiological biochemical) environmental states. We explain utility perspective by examining perception skin temperature, one most challenging cases distinguishing exteroception. Specifically, conceptualising thermoception inference about thermal state body (including skin), which directly coupled thermoregulatory processes. This view emphasises coupling regulation (control) defining property (inference) connects contemporary theories brain-body interactions.

Language: Английский

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Targeting skeletal interoception: a novel mechanistic insight into intervertebral disc degeneration and pain management

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Despite being a leading cause of chronic pain and disability, the underlying mechanisms intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that mechanosensation (the ability skeletal system to perceive mechanical biochemical signals) mediated by abnormal loading plays critical role in regulation IVD health. This review examines complex interactions amongIVDs, intraosseous sensory mechanisms, central nervous (CNS), with particular focus on roles pathways such as PGE2/EP4, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB. elucidates manner which stress aberrant signaling disrupt homeostasis nucleus pulposus (NP), cartilaginous endplate (CEP) annulus fibrosus (AF), thereby driving exacerbating pain. Furthermore, targeted therapeutic strategies, including modulation interoception dynamic loading, present novel avenues for reversing IVDD progression. By integrating biology spinal pathology, this work offers perspective pathogenesis identifies promising strategies clinical intervention. These findings highlight potential targeting mitigate associated pain, paving way innovative, mechanism-driven therapies.

Language: Английский

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