bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 14, 2024
Neurotechnologies
and
genetic
tools
for
dissecting
neural
circuit
functions
have
advanced
rapidly
over
the
past
decade,
although
development
of
complementary
pharmacological
method-ologies
has
comparatively
lagged.
Understanding
precise
mechanisms
neuroactive
compounds
is
critical
advancing
basic
neurobiology
neuropharmacology,
as
well
developing
more
effective
treatments
neurological
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
However,
integrating
modern
assessing
activity
in
large-scale
networks
with
spatially
localized
drug
delivery
remains
a
major
challenge.
Here,
we
present
dual
microfluidic-photometry
platform
that
enables
simultaneous
intracranial
dynamics
monitoring
rodent
brain.
The
integrated
combines
wireless,
battery-free,
miniaturized
fluidic
microsystem
optical
probes,
allowing
temporally
specific
while
recording
activity-dependent
fluorescence
using
genetically
encoded
calcium
indicators
(GECIs),
neurotransmitter
sensors
GRAB
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 3, 2024
Abstract
Machine
learning
research
has
achieved
large
performance
gains
on
a
wide
range
of
tasks
by
expanding
the
target
from
mean
rewards
to
entire
probability
distributions
—
an
approach
known
as
distributional
reinforcement
(RL)
1
.
The
mesolimbic
dopamine
system
is
thought
underlie
RL
in
mammalian
brain
updating
representation
value
striatum
2,3
,
but
little
about
whether,
where,
and
how
neurons
this
circuit
encode
information
higher-order
moments
reward
4
To
fill
gap,
we
used
high-density
probes
(Neuropixels)
acutely
record
striatal
activity
well-trained,
water-restricted
mice
performing
classical
conditioning
task
which
mean,
variance,
stimulus
identity
were
independently
manipulated.
In
contrast
traditional
accounts,
found
robust
evidence
for
abstract
encoding
variance
striatum.
Remarkably,
chronic
ablation
inputs
disorganized
these
representations
without
interfering
with
coding.
Two-photon
calcium
imaging
optogenetics
revealed
that
two
major
classes
medium
spiny
D1
D2
MSNs
contributed
code
preferentially
right
left
tails
distribution,
respectively.
We
synthesize
findings
into
new
model
harnesses
opponency
between
5–15
reap
computational
benefits
RL.
The Neuroscientist,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Interneurons
(INs)
play
a
crucial
role
in
the
regulation
of
neural
activity
within
medial
prefrontal
cortex
(mPFC),
brain
region
critically
involved
executive
functions
and
behavioral
control.
In
recent
preclinical
studies,
dysregulation
INs
mPFC
has
been
implicated
pathophysiology
substance
use
disorder,
characterized
by
vulnerability
to
chronic
drug
use.
Here,
we
explore
diversity
their
connectivity
roles
addiction.
We
also
discuss
how
these
change
over
time
with
exposure.
Finally,
focus
on
noninvasive
stimulation
as
therapeutic
approach
for
targeting
highlighting
its
potential
restore
circuits.
Neurophotonics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(S1)
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
Optogenetics
opened
the
door
to
a
new
era
of
neuroscience.
New
optical
developments
are
under
way
enable
high-resolution
neuronal
activity
imaging
and
selective
photostimulation
ensembles
in
freely
moving
animals.
These
advancements
could
allow
researchers
interrogate,
with
cellular
precision,
functionally
relevant
circuits
framework
naturalistic
brain
activity.
We
provide
an
overview
current
state-of-the-art
rodents
present
road
map
for
future
engineering
toward
miniaturized
microscopes
that
reach
beyond
currently
existing
systems.
Neuroendocrinology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 8
Published: May 16, 2024
"One
for
all,
and
all
one,"
the
famous
rallying
cry
of
Three
Musketeers,
in
Alexandre
Dumas's
popular
novel,
certainly
applies
to
20,000
cells
composing
suprachiasmatic
nuclei
(SCN).
These
work
together
form
central
clock
that
coordinates
body
rhythms
tune
with
day-night
cycle.
Like
virtually
every
cell,
individual
SCN
exhibit
autonomous
circadian
oscillations,
but
this
rhythmicity
only
reaches
a
high
level
precision
robustness
when
are
coupled
their
neighbors.
Therefore,
understanding
functional
network
organization
beyond
core
is
an
important
issue
biology.
