Circular RNA: A promising new star of vaccine

Journal of Translational Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 372 - 381

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded with covalently closed structures. Owing to their not having 3' or 5' ends, circRNAs highly durable and insusceptible exonuclease-mediated degradation. Moreover, some certain structures translatable, making them novel vaccines. Vaccines efficient tools for immunotherapy, such as the prevention infectious diseases cancer treatment. The immune system is activated during immunotherapy fight against abnormal allies invaders. CircRNA vaccines represent potential new avenue in vaccine era. Recently, several circRNA have been synthesized tested vitro vivo. Our review briefly introduces current understanding biology function translatable circRNAs, molecular biology, synthetic methods, delivery circRNA, We also discussed challenges future directions field by summarizing developments past few years.

Language: Английский

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Functions of Circular RNA in Human Diseases and Illnesses

Non-Coding RNA, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 38 - 38

Published: July 4, 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent single-stranded RNA species that contain covalently closed 3′ and 5′ ends provide them more stability than linear RNA, which has free ends. Emerging evidence indicates circRNAs perform essential functions in many DNA viruses, including coronaviruses, Epstein–Barr cytomegalovirus, Kaposi sarcoma viruses. Recent studies have confirmed are present play various important such as evading host immune response, disease pathogenesis, protein translation, miRNA sponges, regulating cell proliferation, virus replication. Studies can be biological signatures or pathological markers for autoimmune diseases, neurological cancers. However, our understanding of viruses is still limited, functional evaluation viral to completely understand their functions. In the review, we describe metabolism cellular roles circRNA, its diseases circRNA found interact with proteins, DNA, thus modulate processes, transcription, splicing, other interfere signaling pathways take part vital biological, physiological, cellular, pathophysiological processes. We also summarize recent demonstrating circRNA’s this growing field research.

Language: Английский

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CircRNAs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy: Perspectives from innate and adaptive immunity

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 564, P. 216219 - 216219

Published: May 3, 2023

Tumor immunotherapy is a new therapeutic approach that has been evolving in the last decade and dramatically changed treatment options for cancer. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding (ncRNAs) with high stability, tissue-specific cell-specific expression. There growing evidence circRNAs involved regulation of both adaptive innate immunity. They play important roles tumor by affecting macrophage, NK T cell function. The stability tissue specificity make them ideal candidate biomarkers effects. CircRNAs also represent one promising targets or adjuvant immunotherapy. Investigations this field progress rapidly provide essential support diagnosis, prognosis guidance cancers future. In review, we summarize role on immunity from viewpoint immunity, explore

Language: Английский

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The potential application of encapsulated exosomes: A new approach to increase exosomes therapeutic efficacy

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 114615 - 114615

Published: April 1, 2023

Cell therapy is one of the methods that have shown promising results in treating diseases recent decades. However, use different types cells comes with limitations. The application immune cell can lead to cytokine storms and inappropriate responses self-antigens. Also, stem has potential create tumors. may not migrate injury site after intravenous injection. Therefore, using exosomes from as therapeutic candidates were proposed. Due their small size favorable characteristics, such biocompatibility immunocompatibility, easy storage isolation, attracted much attention. They are used many diseases, including cardiovascular orthopedic autoimmune cancer. various studies efficiency (Exo) be increased by loading drugs microRNAs inside them (encapsulated exosomes). analyzing investigating encapsulated exosomes' ability critical. In this study, we examined related cancer infectious regenerative medicine. Compared intact exosomes, show a higher ability. Therefore it suggested method depending on treatment type increase treatment's efficiency.

Language: Английский

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EIF4A3-mediated circ_0042881 activates the RAS pathway via miR-217/SOS1 axis to facilitate breast cancer progression

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(8)

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Studies have shown potential impact circRNAs multiple human tumorigeneses. Research on vital signaling pathways and therapeutic targets indispensable. Here, we aimed to investigate clinical implications underlying mechanisms circ_0042881 BC. RT-qPCR validated was notably elevated BC tissues plasma, closely associated with clinicopathological features. Functionally, significantly accelerated proliferation, migration, invasion cells vitro tumor growth metastasis vivo. Mechanistically, promoted progression by sponging miR-217 relieve its inhibition effect son sevenless 1 (SOS1), which further activated RAS protein initiated downstream cascades, including MEK/ERK pathway PI3K/AKT pathway. We also demonstrated that treatment BAY-293, an inhibitor SOS1 interaction, attenuated induced overexpression. Furthermore, Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-III (EIF4A3) could facilitate circularization. Altogether, proposed a novel network circ_0042881, EIF4A3, influences process tumorigenesis miR-217/SOS1 axis.

Language: Английский

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The viral oncogenesis of COVID-19 and its impact on cancer progression, long-term risks, treatment complexities, and research strategies

Exploration of Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: April 28, 2025

The interaction between cancer and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses significant challenges, particularly for immunocompromised individuals who are at heightened risk acute infections long-term complications. pandemic has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities in care by disrupting treatment protocols delaying diagnoses, leading to worsened health outcomes. This article emphasizes the importance of investigating potential impact severe respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on progression highlights need effective strategies protect this high-risk population. Long-term consequences, including emergence long COVID, further emphasize ongoing surveillance comprehensive healthcare planning patients during after pandemics. A multifaceted approach is essential, incorporating vaccination, timely therapeutic interventions, sustained support with lingering symptoms. also discusses urges continued research into oncogenic risks associated SARS-CoV-2, which crucial enhancing our understanding broader implications COVID-19 informing public aimed safeguarding future Moreover, data collection development refined clinical guidelines vital improving patient outcomes preparing systems crises. Additionally, mechanisms SARS-CoV-2 may increase susceptibility, chronic inflammation, cellular senescence, immune dysregulation. Understanding these elucidating virus’s potential, among survivors infections. Ensuring continuity resilience global crises requires mitigate disruptions, enhance access screenings treatments, address specific challenges faced experiencing COVID.

Language: Английский

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circRNAs in Endometrial Cancer—A Promising Biomarker: State of the Art

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 6387 - 6387

Published: June 9, 2024

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors among women in 21st century, whose mortality rate increasing every year. Currently, diagnosis EC possible only after a biopsy. However, it necessary to find new biomarker that will help both and treatment non-invasive way. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are small, covalently closed spherical stable long non-coding (lncRNAs) molecules, which abundant body fluids human tissues expressed various ways. Considering molecular classification EC, many studies have appeared, describing insights into functions mechanisms circRNAs EC. In this review article, we focused on problem aspects its division, as well biogenesis, functions, diagnostic clinical significance

Language: Английский

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Circular RNA vaccines: Pioneering the next-gen cancer immunotherapy

Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Roles and mechanisms of circular RNA in respiratory system cancers

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 15, 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a class of endogenous non-coding (ncRNAs) that lack 5'-ended cap and 3'-ended poly (A) tail form closed ring structure with covalent bonds. Due to its special structure, circRNA is resistant Exonuclease R (RNaseR), making distribution in the cytoplasm quite rich. Advanced high-throughput sequencing bioinformatics methods have revealed highly conserved, stable, disease- tissue-specific. Furthermore, increasing research has confirmed circRNA, as driver or suppressor, regulates cancer onset progression by modulating series pathophysiological mechanisms. As result, emerged clinical biomarker therapeutic intervention target. This article reviews biological functions regulatory mechanisms context respiratory progression.

Language: Английский

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Non-coding RNA Networks in Infection

Methods in molecular biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 53 - 77

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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