Omics-Facilitated Crop Improvement for Climate Resilience and Superior Nutritive Value

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Novel crop improvement approaches, including those that facilitate for the exploitation of wild relatives and underutilized species harboring much-needed natural allelic variation are indispensable if we to develop climate-smart crops with enhanced abiotic biotic stress tolerance, higher nutritive value, superior traits agronomic importance. Top among these approaches “omics” technologies, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, their integration, whose deployment has been vital in revealing several key genes, proteins metabolic pathways underlying numerous importance, aiding marker-assisted breeding major species. Here, citing relevant examples, appraise our understanding on recent developments omics technologies how they driving quest breed climate resilient crops. Large-scale genome resequencing, pan-genomes genome-wide association studies identification analysis species-level variations, whilst RNA-sequencing driven transcriptomics provided unprecedented opportunities conducting response studies. Meanwhile, single cell is slowly becoming an tool decoding cell-specific responses, although technical experimental design challenges still need be resolved. Additionally, refinement conventional techniques advent modern, high-resolution proteomics necessitated a gradual shift from general descriptive plant protein abundances large scale protein-metabolite interactions. Especially, metabolomics currently receiving special attention, owing role metabolites play as intermediates close links phenotypic expression. Further, high throughput phenomics applications targeting new research domains such root system architecture analysis, exploration root-associated microbes improved health resilience. Overall, coupling multi-omics modern genetic engineering methods ensures all-encompassing approach developing nutritionally-rich productivity can sustainably sufficiently meet current future food, nutrition energy demands.

Language: Английский

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Supporting in situ conservation of the genetic diversity of crop wild relatives using genomic technologies

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(8), P. 2207 - 2222

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

The last decade has witnessed huge technological advances in genomics, particularly DNA sequencing. Here, we review the actual and potential application of genomics supporting situ conservation crop wild relatives (CWRs). In addition to helping prioritization protection CWR taxa sites, genome analysis is allowing identification novel alleles that need be prioritized for conservation. Genomics enabling sources important adaptive traits can guide establishment or enrichment genetic reserves. Genomic tools also have developing a robust framework monitoring reporting genome-based indicators diversity changes associated with factors such as land use climate change. These been demonstrated an role managing populations, sustainable access utilization diversity, enhancing accelerated domestication new crops forensic thus preventing misappropriation resources. Despite this great potential, many policy makers managers failed recognize appreciate accelerate support management biodiversity CWRs underpin global food security. Funding inadequate genomic expertise among practitioners remain major hindrances widespread

Language: Английский

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Application of crop wild relatives in modern breeding: An overview of resources, experimental and computational methodologies

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Global agricultural industries are under pressure to meet the future food demand; however, existing crop genetic diversity might not be sufficient this expectation. Advances in genome sequencing technologies and availability of reference genomes for over 300 plant species reveals hidden wild relatives (CWRs), which could have significant impacts improvement. There many ex-situ in-situ resources around world holding rare valuable species, carry agronomically important traits it is crucial users aware their availability. Here we aim explore available ex-/in- situ such as genebanks, botanical gardens, national parks, conservation hotspots inventories CWR accessions. In addition highlight advances use genomic resources, contribution pangenome construction introducing novel genes into crops. We also discuss potential challenges modern breeding experimental approaches (e.g. de novo domestication, editing speed breeding) used CWRs computational machine learning) that up utilization programs towards adaptability yield

Language: Английский

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The complex interplay between plant-microbe and virus interactions in sustainable agriculture: Harnessing phytomicrobiomes for enhanced soil health, designer plants, resource use efficiency, and food security

Crop Design, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 100028 - 100028

Published: May 5, 2023

The present-day climate change scenario represents a substantial peril to the global population concerning food security, given potential impacts on agricultural productivity, availability, and accessibility. excessive use of agrochemicals, as fertilizers pesticides, leads deterioration soil health well. Sustainable land-use practices without perturbing ecosystem are achievable only with comprehensive mechanism. current need for sustainable agriculture is fulfilled by harnessing noble services plant-microbial association. Microhabitats around plant roots represent region maximum microbial activity. Microbiomes play functional role in affecting growth, fertility biogeochemical cycles. Plant-microbe interactions highly specific host controlled root exudates, metabolites, environmental factors symbiotic associations e.g. legume-rhizobia plant-fungi Proper strategies inoculants will certainly facilitate various crop improvement programs. present review, therefore, exemplifies studies microbiomes ecosystems coupled assuring security. review also summarizes recent trends microbiome diversity, relationship between microbe, transgenic plants, designer plants their mitigating stress. Nevertheless, future production rely prospects ingenuity.

Language: Английский

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Pathways to de novo domestication of crop wild relatives

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 188(4), P. 1746 - 1756

Published: Nov. 24, 2021

Growing knowledge about crop domestication, combined with increasingly powerful gene-editing toolkits, sets the stage for continual domestication of wild relatives and other lesser-known plant species.

Language: Английский

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Approaches and determinants to sustainably improve crop production

Food and Energy Security, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 26, 2022

Abstract Plant scientists and farmers are facing major challenges in providing food nutritional security for a growing population, while preserving natural resources biodiversity. Moreover, this should be done adapting agriculture to climate change by reducing its carbon footprint. To address these challenges, there is an urgent need breed crops that more resilient suboptimal environments. Huge progress has recently been made understanding the physiological, genetic molecular bases of plant nutrition environmental responses, paving way towards sustainable agriculture. In review, we present overview progresses strategies could developed increase nutrient use efficiency tolerance abiotic stresses. As illustrated many examples, they already led promising achievements crop improvements. Here, focus on nitrogen phosphate uptake adaptation drought, salinity heat stress. These examples first show necessity deepening our physiological responses. particular, attention paid investigate stress combinations recovery acclimation have largely neglected date. It will necessary extend approaches from model plants crops, unravel relevant targets biotechnological or directly species. Similarly, sustained efforts further exploring available species, as well wild species adapted unfavourable Finally, technological developments required efficient. This especially relates development multiscale phenotyping under field conditions wide range environments, modelling big data management handle huge amount information provided new molecular, techniques.

Language: Английский

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Advancing designer crops for climate resilience through an integrated genomics approach

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 102220 - 102220

Published: April 27, 2022

Climate change and exponential population growth are exposing an immediate need for developing future crops that highly resilient adaptable to changing environments maintain global food security in the next decade. Rigorous selection from long domestication history has rendered cultivated genetically disadvantaged, raising concerns their ability adapt these new challenges limiting usefulness breeding programmes. As a result, crop improvement efforts must rely on integrating various genomic strategies ranging high-throughput sequencing machine learning, order exploit germplasm diversity overcome bottlenecks created by domestication, expansive multi-dimensional phenotypes, arduous processes, complex traits big data.

Language: Английский

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De novo domestication: retrace the history of agriculture to design future crops

Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 102946 - 102946

Published: April 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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Can the Wild Perennial, Rhizomatous Rice Species Oryza longistaminata be a Candidate for De Novo Domestication?

Rice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 16, 2023

Abstract As climate change intensifies, the development of resilient rice that can tolerate abiotic stresses is urgently needed. In nature, many wild plants have evolved a variety mechanisms to protect themselves from environmental stresses. Wild relatives may abundant and virtually untapped genetic diversity are an essential source germplasm for improvement stress tolerance in cultivated rice. Unfortunately, barriers traditional breeding approaches, such as backcrossing transgenesis, make it challenging complex transfer underlying resilience traits between plants. However, de novo domestication via genome editing quick approach produce with high yields orphans or relatives. African rice, Oryza longistaminata , which part AA-genome species has two types propagation strategies viz. vegetative rhizome seed propagation. It also shows multiple stress, therefore O. considered key candidate heat, drought, salinity tolerance, resistant lodging. Importantly, perennial propagates rhizomes both highly valuable sustainable production Therefore, be good through obtain more than modern elite cultivars sativa .

Language: Английский

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De novo domestication in the Solanaceae: advances and challenges

Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89, P. 103177 - 103177

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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