Phytochemistry, Mechanisms, and Preclinical Studies of Echinacea Extracts in Modulating Immune Responses to Bacterial and Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review DOI Creative Commons
Fatemeh Ahmadi

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 947 - 947

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Background: Echinacea species, particularly purpurea, angustifolia, and pallida, are renowned for their immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral properties. Objectives: This review explores the mechanisms by which echinacea herbal extracts modulate immune responses, focusing on effects both innate adaptive immunity in bacterial viral infections. Results: Key bioactive compounds, such as alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, polysaccharides, contribute to these effects. These compounds enhance cell activity, including macrophages natural killer cells, stimulating cytokine production phagocytosis. The antibacterial activity of against respiratory pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila) skin (Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes) is reviewed, well its efficacy viruses like herpes simplex, influenza, rhinovirus. Echinacea’s potential a complementary treatment alongside conventional antibiotics antivirals discussed, context antibiotic resistance emerging threats. Conclusions: Challenges associated with variability phytochemical content need standardized extraction processes also addressed. provides comprehensive overview echinacea’s therapeutic outlines future directions research, clinical trials dosage optimization.

Language: Английский

Physicochemical and Sensory Stability Evaluation of Gummy Candies Fortified with Mountain Germander Extract and Prebiotics DOI Open Access
Aleksandra Vojvodić Cebin,

Magdalena Bunić,

Ana Mandura Jarić

et al.

Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 259 - 259

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Health-conscious consumers seek convenient ways of incorporating different functional ingredients into their diets. Gummy candies are among the most popular confectionery products but generally regarded as nutritionally empty. A gelatin–sugar matrix, providing a highly appreciated sensory experience sweetness and chewiness, could be used to deliver various bioactive compounds, especially those carrying an unpleasant taste. This work aimed formulate gelatin gummies based on mountain germander extract (MGe) source phenylethanoid glycosides (PhEG). Sucrose glucose syrup contents were partially or completely substituted with combinations xylitol, maltitol prebiotic poly- oligosaccharides. Chemical, textural parameters evaluated after production 2 months storage. Formulations containing fructooligosaccharides xylooligosaccharides maintained characteristic appearance during storage at all three levels sugar (high, low none), whereas inulin-added plain (i.e., without prebiotic) suffered from mold contamination appearance/textural changes. The color noticeably changed appeared darker. PhEG shown stable candies’ (approximately 90%) Texture parameters, except hardness, exhibited high positive correlations resembled commercial product. Sensory-wise, moderate bitterness intensity decreasing tendency, along transparency preservation shape facilitated general acceptance. prebiotics suitable matrix for bitter MGe, delivering up 40 mg 4.5 g in one serving size. study provides reference implementing herbal extracts emerging (XOS) confectionery.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial function: Natural compounds as potential therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease DOI Creative Commons
Hao Liang,

Zhenwang Ma,

Wei Zhong

et al.

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 1838 - 1862

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Abstract Mitochondrial damage is associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), indicating that mitochondrial‐targeted treatments could hold promise as disease‐modifying approaches for PD. Notably, natural compounds have demonstrated ability to modulate mitochondrial‐related processes. In this review article, we discussed possible neuroprotective mechanisms against PD in modulating mitophagy and mitochondrial function. A comprehensive literature search on related treatment by regulating function was conducted from PubMed, Web Science Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases their inception until April 2023. We summarize recent advancements mitophagy's molecular mechanisms, including upstream downstream processes, its relationship PD‐related genes or proteins. Importantly, highlight how can therapeutically regulate various processes through multiple targets pathways alleviate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Lewy's body aggregation apoptosis, which are key contributors pathogenesis. Unlike single‐target strategy modern medicine, provide neuroprotection ameliorating targeting PINK1/parkin pathway, NIX/BNIP3 autophagosome formation (i.e., LC3 p62). Given prevalence neurodegenerative diseases, exploring exact mechanism dysfunction shed light highly effective adjuvant therapies other disorders.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Complete pathway elucidation of echinacoside in Cistanche tubulosa and de novo biosynthesis of phenylethanoid glycosides DOI Creative Commons
Wenqian Huang,

Yaru Yan,

Weisheng Tian

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Echinacoside (ECH), one of the most representative phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), has considerable neuroprotective effects and is an effective ingredient in numerous commercial drugs. Here, we elucidate complete ECH biosynthetic pathway medicinal plant Cistanche tubulosa. In total, 14 related genes are cloned functionally characterized. Two upstream pathways for tyrosol biosynthesis from L-tyrosine identified: includes separate decarboxylation, deamination reduction steps; other uses microbial-like transamination, decarboxylation steps. addition, a distinct downstream assembly process to revealed that sequential glucosylation, acylation, hydroxylation, rhamnosylation form acteoside, ends with final glucosylation converting acteoside ECH. Furthermore, de novo synthesis 23 PhG derivatives achieved via heterologous expression different combinations functional tobacco. Our findings provide insights into platform alternative production complex PhGs. (ECH) (PhGs) responsible bioactivities traditional Chinese medicine Herba. authors tubulosa synthesize PhGs

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Ferroptosis: A novel therapeutic target of natural products against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity DOI Open Access
Xiaojiao Yi, Qi Wang,

Mengjie Zhang

et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 117217 - 117217

Published: July 29, 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX), a commonly used chemotherapy drug, is hindered due to its tendency induce cardiotoxicity (DIC). Ferroptosis, novel mode of programmed cell death, has received substantial attention for involvement in DIC. Recently, natural product-derived ferroptosis regulator emerged as potential strategy treating In this review, comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases gather relevant articles on the use products DIC relation ferroptosis. The available papers were carefully reviewed summarize therapeutic effects underlying mechanisms modulating treatment. It found that plays an important role pathogenesis, with dysregulated expression ferroptosis-related proteins strongly implicated condition. Natural products, such flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, quinones can act GPX4 activators, Nrf2 agonists, lipid peroxidation inhibitors, thereby enhancing viability, attenuating myocardial fibrosis, improving cardiac function, suppressing both vitro vivo models This review demonstrates strong correlation between DOX-induced key proteins, GPX4, Keap1, Nrf2, AMPK, HMOX1. are likely exert against by activity these proteins.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Echinacoside ameliorates post-stroke depression by activating BDNF signaling through modulation of Nrf2 acetylation DOI
Zhou Yang, Ya‐Lin Zhao, Yanling Wang

et al.

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 128, P. 155433 - 155433

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Echinacoside ameliorates hepatic fibrosis and tumor invasion in rats with thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma DOI Creative Commons
Ajwan Z Albalawi, Areej S. Alatawi,

Shekha M. Al-Atwi

et al.

Biomolecules and Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 1186 - 1198

Published: March 10, 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) affects approximately 800,000 individuals globally each year. Despite advancements in HCC treatments, there is still a pressing need to identify new drugs that can combat resistance. One potential option echinacoside, natural caffeic acid glycoside with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antidiabetic properties. Therefore, we aimed investigate the ability of echinacoside exhibit antitumor activity against rats through ameliorating hepatic fibrosis tumor invasion. Rats were given thioacetamide induce HCC, some 30 mg/kg twice week for 16 weeks. The liver impairment was assessed by measuring serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) examining sections stained Masson trichrome or anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 antibodies. expression mRNA protein levels TGF-β1, β-catenin, SMAD4, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR), connective tissue 2 (CCN2), E-Cadherin, platelets derived (PDGF)-B fascin also analyzed. Echinacoside improved survival rate decreasing AFP number nodules. Examination micro-images indicated reduce fibrosis. It significantly decreased MMP9, PI3K, mTOR, CCN2, PDGF-B, while enhancing E-Cadherin. In conclusion, exhibits protective effect increasing rates growth. acts as an inhibitor pathway reducing PDGF-B mTOR. Additionally, it prevents invasion suppressing MMP9 fascin,

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Echinacoside Exerts Antihepatic Fibrosis Effects in High‐Fat Mice Model by Modulating the ACVR2A‐Smad Pathway DOI
Jie Liang, Ting Chen,

Honglei Xu

et al.

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 68(6)

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Scope Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an increasingly common chronic liver disease in which hepatic fibrosis the major pathological change. The transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β)/mall mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling main effector of fibrosis. Although antifibrotic effect echinacoside (Ech) on has been indicated previously, cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate both vivo vitro properties Ech. Methods results Cell viability scratch/wound assays show that Ech significantly inhibits proliferation, migration, activation human stellate LX‐2 cells. In mice with high‐fat diet‐induced fibrosis, treatment attenuates progression injury, inflammation, Furthermore, transcriptome analysis subsequent functional validation demonstrate achieves effects by activin receptor type‐2A (ACVR2A)‐mediated TGF‐β1/Smad pathway; ultimately, ACVR2A demonstrated be important target for inhibiting inducing expression Conclusion exerts potent ACVR2A‐mediated axis may serve as alternative

Language: Английский

Citations

4
The role of Cistanches Herba and its ingredients in improving reproductive outcomes: A comprehensive review DOI
Zehui Li,

Jiashan Li,

Yuan Li

et al.

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 155681 - 155681

Published: April 24, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Research progress of small-molecule natural medicines for the treatment of ischemic stroke DOI
Kui Liu, Ling Wang, Tao Pang

et al.

Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 21 - 30

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Novel Feruloyl Esterase from Rehmannia glutinosa Endophyte Alternaria botrytis RYF1 and Its Application in the Production of Verbasoside and Hydroxysalidroside DOI

Yali Ban,

Hongwang Yang,

Jixuan Jiang

et al.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Verbasoside and hydroxysalidroside are derivatives of phenylethanol glycosides (PhGs) that exhibit a range pharmacological activities also serve as valuable precursors for synthesizing other more complex PhGs. However, chemical synthesis plant extraction large-scale production impractical to date. Here, 79 fungi from four types PhG-containing plants their rhizospheric soils were screened out, endophyte Alternaria botrytis RYF1 Rehmannia glutinosa was identified with the ability generate verbasoside decaffeoyl acteoside. To mine key enzymes concerning biotransformation, RNA-seq carried out on RSF6, which novel feruloyl esterase DN417 captured. possesses hydrolyzing capabilities toward several DN417's produce tested in 5 L fermenter, yielding 50.37 g/L conversion rate 94.51% crude Finally, dual-enzyme synergy involving rhamnosidase designed hydroxysalidroside. After optimization enzyme ratios pH, approach successfully yielded at concentration 13.60 81.30%. The study is first report PhGs laid solid foundation value-added compounds

Language: Английский

Citations

0