Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
caused
by
a
variety
of
factors,
and
one
the
most
important
factors
gut
microbiota
dysbiosis.
An
imbalance
in
mincrobiota
have
been
shown
to
change
concentrations
lipopolysaccharide
short-chain
fatty
acids.
These
microorganisms
synthesize
substances
that
can
influence
levels
metabolites
cause
multiple
diseases
through
immune
response,
acid
metabolism,
amino
metabolism
pathways.
Furthermore,
these
metabolic
changes
promote
formation
β-amyloid
plaques
neurofibrillary
tangles.
Thus,
microbiota-gut-brain
axis
plays
an
role
AD
development.
In
addition
traditional
therapeutic
drugs
such
as
donepezil
memantine,
Chinese
medicines
(TCMs)
also
showed
significantly
decrease
severity
symptoms
suppress
underlying
related
mechanisms.
We
searched
for
studies
on
effects
different
herbal
monomers,
single
herbs,
polyherbal
formulas
patients
identified
relevant
pathways
which
affected
AD.
conclude
improvements
not
only
occurrence
inflammatory
reactions
but
reduce
deposition
central
pathological
products.
Herbal
monomers
stronger
effect
improving
pathology.
Polyherbal
extensive
with
Among
formulas,
anti-inflammatory
essential
main
concern
regarding
use
TCMs
treating
from
viewpoint
microbiota.
hope
this
review
will
be
helpful
providing
new
ideas
clinical
application
treatment
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(9), P. 2587 - 2587
Published: Sept. 21, 2023
The
nuclear
factor
kappa
B
(NF-κB)
pathway
has
emerged
as
a
pivotal
player
in
the
pathogenesis
of
various
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative
illnesses
like
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD).
involvement
NF-κB
immune
system
responses,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
and
neuronal
survival
highlights
its
significance
AD
progression.
We
discuss
advantages
inhibition,
potential
to
mitigate
neuroinflammation,
modulate
amyloid
beta
(Aβ)
production,
promote
survival.
However,
we
also
acknowledge
limitations
challenges
associated
with
this
approach.
Balancing
fine
line
between
dampening
inflammation
preserving
physiological
responses
is
critical
avoid
unintended
consequences.
This
review
combines
current
knowledge
on
pathway’s
intricate
pathogenesis,
emphasizing
therapeutic
target.
By
evaluating
both
limitations,
provide
holistic
view
feasibility
modulation
treatment.
As
quest
for
effective
therapies
continues,
an
in-depth
understanding
multifaceted
roles
will
guide
development
targeted
interventions
improve
management.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(10), P. 5168 - 5168
Published: May 9, 2024
Microglia
are
key
players
in
the
brain’s
innate
immune
response,
contributing
to
homeostatic
and
reparative
functions
but
also
inflammatory
underlying
mechanisms
of
neurodegeneration.
Targeting
microglia
modulating
their
function
may
have
therapeutic
potential
for
mitigating
neuroinflammation
The
anti-inflammatory
properties
essential
oils
suggest
that
some
components
be
useful
regulating
microglial
microglial-associated
neuroinflammation.
This
study,
starting
from
ethnopharmacological
premises
benefits
aromatic
plants,
assessed
evidence
oil
modulation
microglia,
investigating
pharmacological
mechanisms.
Current
knowledge
phytoconstituents,
safety
components,
neuroprotective
effects
were
reviewed.
review
encompasses
Thymus
spp.,
Artemisia
Ziziphora
clinopodioides,
Valeriana
jatamansi,
Acorus
others
as
well
including
1,8-cineole,
β-caryophyllene,
β-patchoulene,
carvacrol,
β-ionone,
eugenol,
geraniol,
menthol,
linalool,
thymol,
α-asarone,
α-thujone.
Essential
target
PPAR/PI3K-Akt/MAPK
signalling
pathways
could
supplement
other
approaches
modulate
inflammation
treat
neurodegenerative
diseases,
particularly
cases
where
reactive
play
a
part
pathophysiological
Cells,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 168 - 168
Published: Jan. 22, 2025
The
recent
approval
of
lecanemab
highlights
that
the
amyloid
beta
(Aβ)
protein
is
an
important
pathological
target
in
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
and
further
emphasizes
significance
neuroinflammatory
pathways
regulating
Aβ
accumulation.
Indeed,
accumulation
triggers
microglia
activation,
which
are
key
mediators
neuroinflammation.
inflammatory
responses
this
process
can
lead
to
neuronal
damage
functional
decline.
Microglia
secrete
proinflammatory
cytokines
accelerate
death
release
anti-inflammatory
growth
factors
contributing
recovery
protection.
Thus,
play
a
dual
role
neurodegeneration
neuroprotection,
complicating
their
function
AD.
Therefore,
elucidating
complex
interactions
between
protein,
microglia,
neuroinflammation
essential
for
developing
new
strategies
treating
This
review
investigates
receptors
involved
activating
aims
enhance
understanding
how
these
processes
impact
AD,
as
well
they
be
regulated.
also
analyzed
studies
reported
existing
literature
ongoing
clinical
trials.
Overall,
will
contribute
regulatory
mechanisms
therapies
slow
progression
ImmunoTargets and Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 13, P. 287 - 304
Published: June 1, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
fatal
neurodegenerative
with
subtle
and
progressive
onset
the
most
common
type
of
dementia.
However,
its
etiology
pathogenesis
have
not
yet
been
fully
elucidated.
The
pathological
manifestations
AD
include
extraneuronal
β-amyloid
deposition
(Aβ),
intraneuronal
tau
protein
phosphorylation
leading
to
formation
'neurofibrillary
tangles'
(NFTs),
neuroinflammation,
loss
brain
neurons/synapses,
glucose
metabolism
disorders.
Current
treatment
approaches
for
primarily
focus
on
'Aβ
cascade
hypothesis
abnormal
aggregation
hyperphosphorylation
proteins',
but
shown
limited
efficacy.
Therefore,
there
an
ongoing
need
identify
more
effective
targets
AD.
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
inflammatory
response
plays
key
role
in
occurrence
development
Neuroinflammation
immune
activated
by
glial
cells
CNS
that
usually
occurs
stimuli
such
as
nerve
injury,
infection
toxins
or
autoimmunity.
ranks
third
prominent
feature
AD,
following
Aβ
NFTs.
In
recent
years,
neuroinflammation
microglia
has
increased
due
advancements
genome-wide
association
studies
(GWAS)
sequencing
technology.
Furthermore,
research
validated
pivotal
microglia-mediated
progression
this
article
reviews
latest
progress
triggered
aiming
provide
new
theoretical
basis
further
exploring
process
development.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Jan. 12, 2024
The
complexity
of
Chinese
medicine
treatment
for
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
utilizing
a
multi-herb
therapy
makes
the
evidence
in
current
studies
insufficient.
Herb
pairs
are
most
fundamental
form
formulae.
Among
herbal
formulas
AD
treatment,
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 178 - 178
Published: Jan. 31, 2024
Neuroinflammation,
a
pivotal
factor
in
the
pathogenesis
of
various
brain
disorders,
including
neurodegenerative
diseases,
has
become
focal
point
for
therapeutic
exploration.
This
review
highlights
neuroinflammatory
mechanisms
that
hallmark
diseases
and
potential
benefits
essential
oils
counteracting
neuroinflammation
oxidative
stress,
thereby
offering
novel
strategy
managing
mitigating
impact
disorders.
Essential
oils,
derived
from
aromatic
plants,
have
emerged
as
versatile
compounds
with
myriad
health
benefits.
exhibit
robust
antioxidant
activity,
serving
scavengers
free
radicals
contributing
to
cellular
defense
against
stress.
Furthermore,
showcase
anti-inflammatory
properties,
modulating
immune
responses
inflammatory
processes
implicated
chronic
diseases.
The
intricate
by
which
phytomolecules
exert
their
effects
were
explored,
shedding
light
on
multifaceted
properties.
Notably,
we
discussed
ability
modulate
diverse
pathways
crucial
maintaining
homeostasis
suppressing
responses,
capacity
rescue
cognitive
deficits
observed
preclinical
models
neurotoxicity
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: Jan. 20, 2025
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
common
central
neurodegenerative
disorder
characterized
primarily
by
cognitive
impairment
and
non-cognitive
neuropsychiatric
symptoms
that
significantly
impact
patients’
daily
lives
behavioral
functioning.
The
pathogenesis
of
AD
remains
unclear
current
Western
medicines
treatment
are
purely
symptomatic,
with
singular
pathway,
limited
efficacy,
substantial
toxicity
side
effects.
In
recent
years,
as
research
into
has
deepened,
there
been
gradual
increase
in
the
exploration
application
medicinal
plants
for
AD.
Numerous
studies
have
shown
their
active
ingredients
can
potentially
mitigate
regulating
various
molecular
mechanisms,
including
production
aggregation
pathological
proteins,
oxidative
stress,
neuroinflammation,
apoptosis,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
neurogenesis,
neurotransmission,
brain-gut
microbiota
axis.
this
review,
we
analyzed
comprehensively
summarized
advancements
on
AD,
along
underlying
mechanisms
clinical
evidence.
Ultimately,
aimed
to
provide
reference
further
investigation
specific
through
which
prevent
treat
well
identification
efficacious
derived
from
plants.
Natural Product Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
20(3)
Published: March 1, 2025
Objective
Cognitive
dysfunction
is
common
in
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Sea
buckthorn
oil
(SBO)
has
anti-inflammatory
and
antioxidant
properties.
So,
we
want
to
investigate
the
effect
of
SBO
on
reducing
scopolamine-induced
oxidative
stress,
inflammation,
cholinergic
changes
PC12
cells,
its
impact
ameliorating
cognitive
APP/SP1
mice.
The
purpose
this
study
prove
that
a
positive
dysfunction.
Method
In
vitro,
cells
damage
evaluated
using
3-
(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)
−2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide
(MTT)
method.
Levels
various
biochemical
markers
were
also
examined
by
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA),
including
acetylcholinesterase
(AChE),
acetylcholine
(ACh).
As
well
as
examining
inflammatory
factors:
interleukin-1β
(IL-1β),
tumour
necrosis
factor-α
(TNF-α),
interleukin-6
(IL-6).
stress
cell
was
detected
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
staining.
addition,
catalase
(CAT),
glutathione
peroxidase
(GSH-Px),
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
which
are
indicators
(OS)
vitro
experiments.
Moreover,
detection
Nrf2/HO-1
molecules
cytokines
released
reverse
transcription-polymerase
chain
reaction
(RT-PCR)
western
blot.
vivo,
memory
behavior
Morris
water
maze(MWM)
step-down
test.
Result
showed
significant
reduction
AChE
activities
increased
viability
scopolamine-treated
cells.
Meanwhile,
increases
level
GSH-Px,
SOD,
CAT
activities,
ACh,
decreases
TNF-α,
IL-1β,
IL-6.
increasing
expression
pathway.
shortened
swimming
time
platform,
exploration
target
quadrant
number
times
it
crosses
platform.
reduced
errors
Conclusion
protective
against
injury
favorable
improving
impairment
APP/PS1
Therefore,
may
have
clinical
applications
treatment
impairment.
