Frontiers in Plant Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Jan. 11, 2023
In
higher
plants,
acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol
acyltransferase
(DGAT)
and
phospholipid:diacylglycerol
(PDAT)
catalyze
the
terminal
step
of
triacylglycerol
(TAG)
synthesis
in
acyl-CoA-dependent
-independent
pathways,
respectively.
Avocado
(
Persea
americana
)
mesocarp,
a
nonseed
tissue,
accumulates
significant
amounts
TAG
(~70%
by
dry
weight)
that
is
rich
heart-healthy
oleic
acid
(18:1).
The
oil
accumulation
stages
avocado
mesocarp
development
coincide
with
high
expression
levels
for
type-1
DGAT
DGAT1
PDAT1
,
although
type-2
DGAT2
remains
low.
strong
preference
demonstrated
biosynthetic
machinery
represents
lucrative
biotechnological
opportunities,
yet
functional
characterization
these
three
acyltransferases
has
not
been
explored
to
date.
We
expressed
PaDGAT1,
PaDGAT2
PaPDAT1
bakers’
yeast
leaves
Nicotiana
benthamiana
.
PaDGAT1
complemented
biosynthesis
deficiency
quadruple
mutant
strain
H1246,
substantially
elevated
total
cellular
lipid
content.
vitro
enzyme
assays
showed
Pa
prefers
compared
palmitic
(16:0).
Both
increased
content
when
independently
or
together,
transiently
N.
leaves.
These
results
indicate
prefer
oleate-containing
substrates,
their
coordinated
likely
contributes
sustained
enriched
acid.
This
study
establishes
knowledge
base
future
metabolic
engineering
studies
focused
on
exploitation
biochemical
properties
PDAT1.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: March 18, 2024
Abstract
Lipid
metabolism
is
widely
reprogrammed
in
tumor
cells.
droplet
a
common
organelle
existing
most
mammal
cells,
and
its
complex
dynamic
functions
maintaining
redox
metabolic
balance,
regulating
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress,
modulating
chemoresistance,
providing
essential
biomolecules
ATP
have
been
well
established
The
balance
between
lipid
formation
catabolism
critical
to
energy
while
the
process
of
affects
various
for
growth.
imbalance
synthesis
fatty
acids
cells
leads
alteration
content
Diacylglycerol
acyltransferase
1
diacylglycerol
2,
enzymes
that
catalyze
final
step
triglyceride
synthesis,
participate
droplets
regulation
cell
proliferation,
migration
invasion,
prognosis
tumor.
Several
2
inhibitors
developed
over
past
decade
shown
anti-tumor
effects
preclinical
models
improvement
clinical
trials.
In
this
review,
we
highlight
key
features
acid
different
paradigms
activities
on
migration,
tumor,
with
hope
these
scientific
findings
will
potential
implications.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(3), P. 2256 - 2256
Published: Jan. 23, 2023
Soybean
is
a
major
oil
crop
and
also
dominant
source
of
nutritional
protein.
The
20%
seed
content
(SOC)
soybean
much
lower
than
that
in
most
crops
the
fatty
acid
composition
its
native
cannot
meet
specifications
for
some
applications
food
industrial
sectors.
Considerable
effort
has
been
expended
on
bioengineering
to
tailor
profiles
improve
SOC.
Although
significant
advancements
have
made,
such
as
creation
high-oleic
high-SOC
soybean,
those
genetic
modifications
negative
impacts
production,
instance,
impaired
germination
or
low
protein
content.
In
this
review,
we
focus
recent
advances
effects
agronomic
traits.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Jan. 26, 2023
The
world's
population
is
projected
to
increase
by
two
billion
2050,
resulting
in
food
and
energy
insecurity.
Oilseed
crops
have
been
identified
as
key
address
these
challenges:
they
produce
store
lipids
the
seeds
triacylglycerols
that
can
serve
a
source
of
food/feed,
renewable
fuels,
other
industrially-relevant
chemicals.
Therefore,
improving
seed
oil
content
composition
has
generated
immense
interest.
Research
efforts
aiming
unravel
regulatory
pathways
involved
fatty
acid
synthesis
identify
targets
for
metabolic
engineering
made
tremendous
progress.
This
review
provides
summary
current
knowledge
metabolism
discusses
how
photochemical
activity
unconventional
contribute
high
carbon
conversion
efficiency
seeds.
It
also
highlights
importance
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: April 26, 2024
Abstract
Typical
plant
membranes
and
storage
lipids
are
comprised
of
five
common
fatty
acids
yet
over
450
unusual
accumulate
in
seed
oils
various
species.
Plant
important
human
animal
nutrients,
while
some
such
as
hydroxylated
(HFA)
used
the
chemical
industry
(lubricants,
paints,
polymers,
cosmetics,
etc.).
Most
extracted
from
non-agronomic
crops
leading
to
high
production
costs.
Attempts
engineer
HFA
into
unsuccessful
due
bottlenecks
overlapping
pathways
oil
membrane
lipid
synthesis
where
not
compatible.
Physaria
fendleri
naturally
overcomes
these
through
a
triacylglycerol
(TAG)
remodeling
mechanism
incorporated
TAG
after
initial
synthesis.
involves
unique
lipase
two
diacylglycerol
acyltransferases
(DGAT)
that
selective
for
different
stereochemical
acyl-containing
species
within
synthesis,
partial
degradation,
resynthesis
cycle.
The
interacts
with
DGAT1,
localizes
endoplasmic
reticulum
(with
DGATs)
puncta
around
droplet,
likely
forming
metabolon
near
droplet-ER
junction.
Each
characterized
DGAT
can
increase
accumulation
engineered
oils.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
Cells
contain
thousands
of
different
lipids.
Their
rapid
and
redundant
metabolism,
dynamic
movement,
many
interactions
with
other
biomolecules
have
justly
earned
lipids
a
reputation
as
vexing
class
molecules
to
understand.
Further,
the
cell's
hydrophobic
metabolites,
assemble
into
supramolecular
structures─most
commonly
bilayers,
or
membranes─from
which
they
carry
out
myriad
biological
functions.
Motivated
by
this
daunting
complexity,
researchers
across
disciplines
are
bringing
order
seeming
chaos
membranes.
Here,
we
formalize
these
efforts
"synthetic
lipid
biology".
Inspired
idea,
central
synthetic
biology,
that
our
abilities
understand
build
systems
intimately
connected,
organize
studies
approaches
numerous
fields
create,
manipulate,
analyze
biomembranes.
These
include
construction
membranes
from
scratch
using
chemical
chemoenzymatic
synthesis,
editing
pre-existing
optogenetics
protein
engineering,
detection
metabolism
transport
bioorthogonal
chemistry,
probing
lipid–protein
membrane
biophysical
properties.
What
emerges
is
portrait
an
incipient
field
where
chemists,
biologists,
physicists,
engineers
work
together
in
proximity─like
themselves─to
clearer
description
properties,
behaviors,
functions
FEBS Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 25, 2025
Transmembrane
protein
68
(TMEM68)
is
a
recently
identified
mammalian
triacylglycerol
(TAG)
synthase
with
high
expression
in
the
brain.
How
TMEM68
regulates
cellular
lipid
metabolism
concert
other
enzymatic
pathways
remains
poorly
understood.
In
this
study,
we
assessed
function
neuro‐
and
glioblastoma
cells
by
combining
genetic
gain‐
loss‐of‐function
approaches
lipidomics.
We
found
that
promotes
TAG
synthesis
droplet
formation
independently
of
canonical
acyl‐CoA:diacylglycerol
acyltransferase
(DGAT)
1
2
enzymes
contributes
discrete
fraction
basal
storage.
Notably,
overexpression
increased
storage
lipids
at
expense
membrane
lipids,
leading
to
profound
reduction
ether‐linked
glycerophospholipids
(GPLs).
Moreover,
altered
levels
were
associated
diminished
prevalence
polyunsaturated
GPLs.
conclude
TMEM68,
besides
its
function,
acts
as
multifaceted
regulator
composition
fatty
acid
homeostasis.
Progress in Lipid Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
92, P. 101250 - 101250
Published: Aug. 22, 2023
Macrophages
are
essential
innate
immune
cells
and
form
our
first
line
of
defense.
Also
known
as
professional
phagocytes,
macrophages
interact
take
up
various
particles,
including
lipids.
Defective
lipid
handling
can
drive
excessive
accumulation
leading
to
foam
cell
formation,
a
key
feature
cardiometabolic
conditions
such
atherosclerosis,
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease,
obesity.
At
the
same
time,
intracellular
storage
formation
also
be
viewed
protective
anti-lipotoxic
mechanism
against
lipid-rich
environment
associated
elevated
uptake.
Traditionally,
has
primarily
been
linked
cholesterol
uptake
via
native
modified
low-density
lipoproteins.
However,
other
lipids,
non-esterified
acids
triacylglycerol
(TAG)-rich
lipoproteins
(very
chylomicrons),
with
macrophages.
Recent
studies
have
identified
multiple
pathways
mediating
TAG
processing
by
macrophages,
endocytosis
receptor/transporter-mediated
internalization
transport.
This
review
will
present
current
knowledge
how
different
lipids
lipoprotein
particles
address
TAG-rich
processed
intracellularly.
Understanding
process
species
is
necessary
design
future
therapeutic
interventions
correct
co-morbidities.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
71(8), P. 4549 - 4569
Published: March 7, 2024
Abstract
GPAT
(sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate-1-O-acyltransferase)
is
a
key
enzyme
in
the
biosynthesis
of
membrane
lipids.
Two
kinds
GPATs
are
involved
production
glycerolipids.
While
sn-1-
s
responsible
for
creating
lysophosphatidic
acid,
sn-2-
generate
monoacylglycerol.
genes
beans
(
Phaseolus
vulgaris
)
have
never
been
investigated
before.
This
study
aimed
to
assess
expression
profiles
common
bean
leaves
under
drought
and
salt
stress
apply
bioinformatics
tools
genome-wide
analysis
gene
family
members.
In
P.
genome,
PvGPAT
with
molecular
weights
ranging
from
50.2
60.4
kDa,
amino
acid
counts
376
539,
theoretical
isoelectric
points
8.41
9.46,
instability
indices
31.84
51.38
were
found.
Based
on
structure
analysis,
expected
number
exons
introns
was
between
2
12.
The
proteins
Arabidopsis
thaliana
,
Glycine
max
Vitis
vinifera
Cicer
arietinum
Lens
culinaris
analyzed
phylogenetically.
G.
A.
evolutionarily
related
those
beans.
PvGPAT4/PvGPAT10
PvGPAT7/PvGPAT12
pairs
detected
be
segmentally
duplicated.
this
work,
qRT-PCR
performed
six
genes,
effects
salt,
drought,
melatonin
treatments
studied.
role
response
at
level.
findings
present
will
shed
light
members
provide
insight
future
functional
research.
Life,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 447 - 447
Published: March 28, 2024
Microalgae
can
convert
carbon
dioxide
into
organic
matter
through
photosynthesis.
Thus,
they
are
considered
as
an
environment-friendly
and
efficient
cell
chassis
for
biologically
active
metabolites.
Microalgal
lipids
a
class
of
compounds
that
be
used
raw
materials
food,
feed,
cosmetics,
healthcare
products,
bioenergy,
etc.,
with
tremendous
potential
commercialization.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
the
commercial
lipid
products
from
eukaryotic
microalgae,
updated
mechanisms
synthesis
in
microalgae.
Moreover,
reviewed
enhancement
lipids,
triglycerides,
polyunsaturated
fatty
acids,
pigments,
terpenes
microalgae
via
environmental
induction
and/or
metabolic
engineering
past
five
years.
Collectively,
provided
comprehensive
overview
biosynthesis,
induced
strategies
genetic
microalgal
lipids.
Meanwhile,
outlook
has
been
presented
development
industries,
emphasizing
significance
accurate
analysis
bioactivity,
well
high-throughput
screening
specific