Polymers,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 911 - 911
Published: Feb. 11, 2023
Fourier
transform
infrared
(FTIR)
is
a
spectroscopy
technique
widely
used
to
identify
organic
materials.
It
has
recently
gained
popularity
in
microplastic
(MP)
pollution
research
determine
the
chemical
composition
of
unknown
plastic
fragments.
However,
it
could
also
be
evaluate
degree
ageing
MPs
collected
from
environment.
In
this
context,
principal
aim
our
been
qualitatively
natural
weathering
environmental
an
Italian
freshwater
body
(the
Ofanto
River)
using
ATR-FTIR
technology.
Furthermore,
we
compared
particles
weathered
artificial
under
controlled
light
and
temperature
conditions
unaltered
pristine
materials
assess
results.
FTIR
spectra
were
acquired
Nicolet
Summit
(ThermoFisher
Scientific)
equipped
with
Everest
ATR
diamond
Crystal
plate
DTGS
KBr
detector
(wavenumber
range
4000-500
cm-1,
32
scans
per
spectrum,
spectral
resolution
4
cm-1).
The
was
assessed
three
different
indexes
known
related
changes
MPs:
Carbonyl
Index
(CI),
Hydroxyl
(HI),
Carbon-Oxygen
(COI).
overall
results
showed
that
regions
reflecting
(hydroxyl
groups,
peaks
3100
3700
alkenes
or
carbon
double
bonds,
1600
1680
carbonyl
1690
1810
cm-1)
appeared
significantly
modified
calculated
for
polymers
degraded
photo
thermo
displayed
general
tendency
increase
time
contact
irradiation
time.
Particular
enhancements
CI
PS
fragment
PE
pellet,
HI
fragments
COI
observed.
Otherwise,
following
incubation
same
at
constant
45
°C
did
not
further
affect
particles.
Moreover,
new
unique
observed
particles,
almost
all
fingerprint
region
(1500-500
Differences
CI,
HI,
evidenced
among
morphological
MP
shapes.
On
one
hand,
pellets
values
ranging
0.05
0.26
mean
value
0.17
±
0.10.
Most
samples
(57%)
presented
between
0.16
0.30.
other
slicer
modifications
lower
than
(0.05
0.05).
This
index
helps
degradation
by
UV
light,
increasing
enhancing
residence
Conversely,
greater
(5.90
2.57)
(1.04
0.48)
pellets,
as
well
lines,
which
maximum
(11.51).
attributed
bond
vibrations
hydroxyl,
carboxyl,
phenol
groups.
contrast,
frequently
C_O
bonds
found
carbohydrates,
alkanes,
secondary
alcohols,
ketones.
conclusion,
characteristics
aged
ones.
interpretation
main
emphasizes
need
conduct
ecotoxicological
experimental
studies
naturally
due
unicity
their
properties,
are
more
helpful
understanding
effects.
Soil & Environmental Health,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
1(2), P. 100019 - 100019
Published: May 23, 2023
Large-scale
production,
rapid
consumption,
insufficient
recovery
and
management,
slow
degradation
lead
to
a
large
accumulation
of
plastic
waste
microplastics.
Microplastics
are
characterized
as
stable,
small,
having
specific
surface
area
strong
hydrophobicity.
They
carriers
many
hydrophobic
organic
pollutants,
heavy
metals,
pathogenic
bacteria
drug
resistance
genes.
Worldwide,
microplastic
pollution
in
soils
has
attracted
much
attention.
The
progress
perspectives
the
separation
detection
soil
microplastics
deserve
comprehensive
review
discussion.
Here,
sources
distributions
from
use
agricultural
film,
sludge
recycling,
long-term
application
fertilizer,
runoff,
sewage
irrigation
summarized.
Physical
methods
such
density
separation,
electrostatic
oil
extraction
pressurized
liquid
extraction,
chemical
acid
digestion,
alkaline
hydrogen
peroxide
Fenton
reagent
oxidation,
enzymatic
hydrolysis
for
reviewed.
Futhermore,
technologies
through
microscopy,
spectroscopy,
mass
spectrometry,
thermogravimetric
analysis,
differential
scanning
calorimetry,
X-ray
photoelectron
spectroscopy
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
Finally,
put
forward
understanding
impacts
on
functions
health,
developing
source
control
environmental
remediation
technology,
investigating
low-cost
that
preserve
characteristics
microplastics,
strengthen
degree
automation
avoid
artificial
operation
error,
establish
standard
isolating,
extracting,
identifying,
quantifying
soils.
This
serves
technical
reference
identification
builds
foundation
scientific
assessment
ecological
human
risks
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(4), P. 1861 - 1888
Published: April 4, 2024
Abstract
Microplastics
are
emerging
contaminants
that
undergo
progressive
aging
under
environmental
conditions
such
as
sunlight
irradiation,
mechanical
forces,
temperature
variations,
and
the
presence
of
biological
organisms.
Since
modifies
microplastic
properties,
their
own
toxicity
trapped
pollutants,
advanced
methods
to
analyze
microplastics
required.
Here
we
review
with
focus
on
process,
qualitative
identification,
quantitative
characterization,
chemometrics.
Qualitative
identification
is
done
by
techniques,
thermal
e.g.,
degradation
gas
chromatography–mass
spectrometry,
spectral
infrared,
Raman,
fluorescent,
laser
techniques.
Quantitative
characterization
microscopy
mass
spectrometry.
Microplastic
results
in
a
series
surface
physical
changes,
biofilm
formation,
chemical
oxidation,
alternation,
deterioration.
Changes
properties
allow
differentiate
aged
microplastics.
Infrared
Raman
spectroscopy
rapid
sensitive
for
complex
samples.
Combining
two
techniques
preferable
accurate
detection
categorization.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 20, 2025
Naturally
weathered
polypropylene
(NWPP)
samples
are
useful
for
investigating
the
effects
of
various
degradation
factors
that
cannot
be
obtained
in
artificial
laboratory
experiments.
In
this
study,
NWPP
were
extracted
from
beach
sediments
(Ashiya,
Hyogo,
Japan).
Raman
and
attenuated
total
reflection
(ATR)–Fourier-transform
infrared
(FTIR)
spectroscopies
used
to
analyze
variations
composition,
crystallinity,
orientation,
microplastics.
The
degree
varies
sample
sample,
position
a
inside
surface
or
outside
sample.
Significant
intensity
observed
bands
at
1150
842
cm⁻¹,
indicating
changes
crystallinity
molecular
orientation
due
degradation.
spectra
elongated
pristine
PP
showed
increases
1150,
998,
cm−1,
polymer
chains
induced
by
elongation.
ATR-FTIR
yield
several
major
new
features
3600
–3200
cm−1
(OH
stretching),
1750–1500
(C=O/C=C/COO−
1150–900
(C–O/C–C
stretching)
regions.
Of
particular
note
is
region,
least
four
two
kinds
vinyl
groups
carboxylate
clearly
second
derivative
spectra,
while
arising
carbonyl
compounds
weak.
This
may
first
time
have
ever
appeared
more
strongly
than
IR
NWPP.
appearance
indicates
possibilities:
one
effect
seawater
on
samples,
another
oxidation
keto
carboxylates.
Moreover,
since
few
carboxylates
produced,
it
very
likely
high
samples.
way,
spectroscopy
exploring
effective
examining
their
orientation.
Journal of Applied Physics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
133(2)
Published: Jan. 11, 2023
The
increase
in
the
global
demand
for
plastics,
and
more
recently
during
pandemic,
is
a
major
concern
future
of
plastic
waste
pollution
microplastics.
Efficient
microplastic
monitoring
imperative
to
understanding
long-term
effects
progression
environment.
Numerical
models
are
valuable
studying
transport
as
they
can
be
used
examine
different
parameters
systematically
help
elucidate
fate
processes
microplastics,
thus
providing
holistic
view
microplastics
ocean
By
incorporating
physical
(such
size,
shape,
density,
identity
microplastics),
numerical
have
gained
better
physics
transport,
predicted
sinking
velocities
accurately,
estimated
pathways
marine
environments.
However,
availability
large
amounts
information
about
chemical
sparse.
Machine
learning
computer-vision
tools
aid
acquiring
environmental
provide
input
develop
accurate
verify
their
predictions.
More
further
facilitate
efforts,
optimize
where
data
collection
take
place
ultimately
improve
machine
tools.
This
review
offers
perspective
on
how
image-based
exploited
uncover
behaviors.
Additionally,
authors
hope
inspires
studies
that
bridge
gap
between
modeling
analysis
exploit
joined
potential.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 25, 2025
Abstract
When
performing
effect
studies
to
investigate
the
impact
of
microplastic
(MP)
on
cell
lines,
algae,
or
daphnia,
it
is
advantageous
if
such
experiments
can
be
performed
without
use
surfactants.
The
need
for
surfactants
arises
from
fact
that
finely
milled
pristine
MP
particles
generally
are
hydrophobic.
Methods
preparation
larger
amounts
hydrophilic
and
hence
artificially
aged
approaches
their
characterization
high
importance.
Here
we
present
methods
age
polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
low-density
(PE)
using
alkaline
acidic
treatments
reproducibly
result
in
large
quantities
below
5
µm
with
considerably
increased
hydrophilicity.
were
characterized
particle
counting
by
single-particle
extinction
scattering
(SPES),
size
laser
diffraction
measurements,
zeta
potential
electrophoretic
light
scattering,
hydrophobicity
index
(Hy)
through
dark-field
(DF)
microscopy,
chemical
composition
inductively
coupled
plasma-mass
spectrometry
(ICP-MS),
Fourier
transform
infrared
(FTIR)
Raman
microscopy.
values
obtained
should
allow
as
qualitative
reference
materials
(RMs)
an
ordinal
property.
Evidence
maintained
integrity
hydrophilicity
(in
powder
form)
over
time
was
measurements
a
33-month
interval.
Uniformity
subsampling
respect
number
concentration
suspensions
within
10-day
period
also
investigated.
It
provided
evidence
possibility
reproducible
spiking
specific
relative
standard
deviations
(RSDs)
6.2
13.6%.
For
development
future
microplastics,
they
property
(artificial
Hy-index)
nominal
(identity
PET
PE
based
spectral
matching).
Graphical
