Neuroinflammatory Loop in Schizophrenia, Is There a Relationship with Symptoms or Cognition Decline?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 310 - 310

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Schizophrenia (SZ), a complex psychiatric disorder of neurodevelopment, is characterised by range symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, social isolation and cognitive deterioration. One the hypotheses that underlie SZ related to inflammatory events which could be partly responsible for symptoms. However, it unknown how molecules can contribute decline in SZ. This review summarises exposes possible contribution imbalance between pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory interleukins like IL-1beta, IL-4 TNFalfa among others on impairment. We discuss this affects microglia astrocytes inducing disruption blood–brain barrier (BBB) SZ, impact prefrontal cortex or associative areas involved executive functions such as planning working tasks. also highlight generated intestinal microbiota alterations, due dysfunctional microbial colonisers use some anti-psychotics, central nervous system. Finally, question arises whether modulate correct characterises if an immunomodulatory strategy incorporated into conventional clinical treatments, either alone complement, applied specific phases, prodromal first-episode psychosis.

Language: Английский

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Distress Symptoms of Old Age and Mild Cognitive Impairment are Two Distinct Dimensions in Older Adults Without Major Depression

Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 101 - 116

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Background: Studies in old adults showed bidirectional interconnections between amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and affective symptoms that adverse childhood experiences (ACE) may affect both factors. Nevertheless, these associations be confined to older with clinical depression. Aim: To delineate the relationship of aMCI without major depression (MDD) or dysfunctions activities daily living (ADL). Methods: This case-control study recruited 61 participants (diagnosed using Petersen's criteria) 59 excluded subjects MDD ADL dysfunctions. Results: We uncovered 2 distinct dimensions, namely distress age (DSOA), comprising symptoms, perceived stress neuroticism, dysfunctions, episodic memory test scores, total Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. A large part variance (37.9%) DSOA scores was explained by ACE, negative life events (health financial problems), a subjective feeling decline, education (all positively). ACE NLE have highly significant impact on score are not associated its severity. Cluster analysis diagnosis is overinclusive because some incorrectly classified as aMCI. Conclusion: The clinicians should carefully screen for after excluding MDD. might misinterpreted Keywords: depression, experiences, impairments, disorders, events, neurocognitive deficits

Language: Английский

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In major dysmood disorder, physiosomatic, chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia symptoms are driven by immune activation and increased immune-associated neurotoxicity

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 28, 2024

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied by activated neuro-immune pathways, increased physiosomatic and chronic fatigue-fibromyalgia (FF) symptoms. The most severe MDD phenotype, namely major dysmood (MDMD), associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negative life events (NLEs) which induce cytokines/chemokines/growth factors. To delineate the impact of ACE + NLEs on FF symptoms in first episode (FE)-MDMD, examine whether these effects are mediated immune profiles. ACEs, NLEs, symptoms, 48 factors were measured 64 FE-MDMD patients 32 normal controls. Physiosomatic, gastro-intestinal belong to same factor as depression, anxiety, melancholia, insomnia. extracted from seven domains labeled physio-affective phenome depression. A part (59.0%) variance explained independent interleukin (IL)-16 IL-8 (positively), CCL3 IL-1 receptor antagonist (inversely correlated). (46.5%) (IL)-16, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) (positively) combined activities immunoregulatory cytokines associated). Partial least squares analysis shows that exert a substantial influence partly an network composed interleukin-16, CCL27, TRAIL, macrophage-colony stimulating factor, stem cell growth factor. caused immune-associated neurotoxicity due T helper (Th)-1 polarization M1 macrophage activation relative lowered compensatory protection.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the feasibility of using salivary microRNAs as biomarkers to distinguish between chronic stress and childhood trauma in African American young women in an exploratory pilot study

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Introduction The current study assessed the impact of self-reported stress measures on microRNA (miRNA) profiles in saliva exosomes. Saliva is one most accessible and non-invasive bodily fluids exosomal miRNAs could be useful (1) measuring states (2) distinguishing between individuals suffering from high levels chronic vs. adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). are small, noncoding RNAs that act as gene regulators. Several studies have shown differential expressions certain miRNA neurological diseases stress, post-traumatic syndrome (PTSD) anxiety. Detailed analyses profiling among populations with various exposures to traumatic life stressors not been carried out. goal our was discover associated or trauma. Method This sought explore expression African American young women a southern Historically Black College University (HBCU). Twelve participants completed social readjustment rating scale (SRRS), ACEs scale, collection were divided into three groups based ACE score: Low Chronic Stress (LCS; n = 4); High (HCS; + (HCS+HA; n=4). A custom-made Taqman-Array tested for fold change four (i.e., miR-19b, miR-187, miR-34a miR-135-3p ). Results There significant downregulation miR-19b ( χ 2 (2, N=12) 7.42, p < 0.01, η²= 0.915), miR-187 N 12) 7.36, 0.05, 0.598), 0.60). both HCS HCS+HA LCS. Interestingly, 8.00, 0.67. upregulated group LCS HCS+LA. Expression significantly different HCS+HA. Conclusion Our shows extracted salivary exosomes can reliable biomarker miR-135a-3p appears potential candidate corroborate self-reports self-assessments predict negative health outcomes. Given did show an upregulation but had similar other miRs compared may indicate adaptive response following early adversity. Further, point unknown trauma exposure (e.g. closed adoptions, dissociative amnesia, abuse). major limitation this small sample size future directions include determining predictive validity these predicting onset physical mental outcomes interventions larger studies.

Language: Английский

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Key factors underpinning neuroimmune-metabolic-oxidative (NIMETOX) major depression in outpatients: paraoxonase 1 activity, reverse cholesterol transport, increased atherogenicity, protein oxidation, and differently expressed cytokine networks.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with neuro-immune – metabolic oxidative (NIMETOX) pathways. Aims To examine the connections among NIMETOX pathways in outpatient MDD (OMDD) and without syndrome (MetS); to determine prevalence of aberrations a cohort OMDD patients. Methods We included 67 healthy controls 66 patients we assessed various Results successfully identified subgroup individuals pathways, including diminished lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) activities, elevated atherogenicity, differentially expressed immune networks, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). A large part variance (around 44%) atherogenicity indices was AOPP, fasting blood glucose (FBG), PON1 activation. LCAT activity positively correlated negatively FBG, AOPP RCT related R/R 192 genotype FBG larger overall severity (50.4%), suicidal behaviors (27.7%), neuroticism (42.1%) adverse childhood experiences immune-related neurotoxicity, insulin, inversely neuroprotection. Conclusions Many (78.8%) show The features OMDD, illness, neuroticism, behaviors, are caused by intertwined that may exert additional effects depending on whether MetS present or not.

Language: Английский

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Predictors of increased affective symptoms and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a large-scale study of 14 271 Thai adults

BMJ Mental Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. e300982 - e300982

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Background Increasing data suggest emergent affective symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives To study impact of pandemic on and suicidal ideation in Thai adults. Methods The Collaborative Outcomes Study Health Functioning Infection Times uses non-probability sampling (chain referring voluntary response sampling) stratified probability to identify risk factors mental health problems potential treatment targets improve outcomes pandemics. Findings Analysing 14 271 adult survey participants across all four waves Thailand, covering 77 provinces from 1 June 2020 30 April 2022, suicidality increased Affective were strongly predicted by (feelings isolation, fear COVID-19, loss social support, financial loss, lack protective devices) non-pandemic (female sex, non-binary individuals, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), negative life events, student status, multiple medical conditions, physical pain) factors. ACEs, prior conditions pain top three associated with both Partial least squares analysis showed that ACEs most important factor as they impacted Clinical implications Rational policymaking a should aim groups at highest (those psychiatric disease, women, individuals) implement immediate long-term strategies mitigate while effectively addressing conditions.

Language: Английский

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A further examination of growth factors, T helper 1 polarization, and the gut microbiome in major depression: Associations with reoccurrence of illness, cognitive functions, suicidal behaviors, and quality of life

Journal of Psychiatric Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 430 - 441

Published: June 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Complex Intersections Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Negative Life Events Impact the Phenome of Major Depression

Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 2161 - 2178

Published: May 1, 2024

There is evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negative life events (NLEs) are associated with major depression (MDD).

Language: Английский

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Is amnestic mild cognitive impairment a neuro-immune condition?

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 6, 2024

Abstract Background The pathophysiology of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is largely unknown, although some papers found signs immune activation. Aims To assess the cytokine network in aMCI after excluding patients with major depression (MDD) and to examine profiles quantitative (qMCI) distress symptoms old age (DSOA) scores. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 Thai participants 60 healthy adults (both without MDD). Bio-Plex Pro human 27-plex test kit LUMINEX 200 were used assay cytokines/chemokines/growth factors fasting plasma samples. Results characterized by significant general immnosuppression, reductions T helper 1 (Th)1 cell growth profiles, immune-inflammatory responses system, interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, IL7, IL12p70, IL13, GM-CSF, MCP-1 as compared controls. These 7 cytokines/chemokines exhibit neuroprotective effects at physiologic concentrations. In multivariate analyses, three neurotoxic chemokines, CCL11, CCL5, CXCL8, emerged predictors aMCI. Logistic regression showed that best predicted combining IL1β, MCP-1, years education (all inversely associated) CCL5 (positively associated). We 38.2% variance qMCI score explained (inversely DSOA not associated any data. Discussion dysbalance between lowered levels cytokines relative increases chemokines are key Future MCI research should always control for confounding affective symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Is Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment a Neuro-Immune Condition?

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Objectives The pathophysiology of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is largely unknown, although some papers found signs immune activation. To assess the cytokine network in aMCI after excluding patients with major depression (MDD) and to examine profiles quantitative (qMCI) distress symptoms old age (DSOA) scores. Design: A case-control study. Setting: Department Psychiatry a University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Participants : 61 Thai participants 60 healthy adults (both without MDD). Measurements Bio-Plex Pro human 27-plex test kit was used assay cytokines/chemokines/growth factors fasting plasma samples. Results characterized by significant general immunosuppression, reductions T helper 1 (Th)1 cell growth profiles, immune-inflammatory responses system, interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, IL7, IL12p70, IL13, GM-CSF, MCP-1. These 7 cytokines/chemokines exhibit neuroprotective effects at physiologic concentrations. In multivariate analyses, three neurotoxic chemokines, CCL11, CCL5, CXCL8, emerged as predictors aMCI. Logistic regression showed that best predicted combining IL1β, MCP-1, years education (all inversely associated) CCL5 (positively associated). We 38.2% variance qMCI score explained (inversely DSOA not associated any data. Discussion dysbalance between lowered levels cytokines relative increases chemokines are key Future MCI research should always control for confounding affective symptoms.

Language: Английский

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