Antibiotics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 174 - 174
Published: Feb. 9, 2024
The
presence
of
antibiotics
in
the
environmental
matrix
has
raised
concerns
regarding
their
risk
to
aquatic
ecosystem
and
human
health.
Surface
water,
such
as
rivers,
plays
a
pivotal
role
dispersion
transport
antibiotic
residues.
effective
monitoring
these
contaminants
requires
investigating
sources
distribution.
While
numerous
studies
have
been
conducted
globally
comprehend
emergence,
prevalence,
management
substances,
investigation
therapeutic
Africa
remains
notably
underrepresented.
Consequently,
data
emerging
African
environments
are
scarce,
warranting
further
exploration.
This
study
aims
investigate
occurrence
four
specific
antibiotics-tetracycline,
sulfathiazole,
penicillin
g,
erythromycin-across
different
seasons
Msunduzi
River,
Eastern
South
Africa.
Three
sampling
campaigns
were
during
spring,
autumn,
winter
assess
river.
Analyte
extraction
from
water
samples
was
achieved
through
solid-phase
extraction,
quantification
performed
using
liquid
chromatography-mass
spectrometry.
findings
reveal
notable
concentrations
river
at
locations
closest
wastewater
treatment
discharge
point.
Among
studied,
tetracycline
(158.42-1290.43
ng/L)
sulfathiazole
(112.68-1151.25
most
frequently
detected
compounds
across
majority
sites
tributaries
Erythromycin
less
surface
effluent
but
found
be
algal
species
within
effluents
represent
significant
source
contamination
river,
industrial
areas
informal
settlements
identified
continuous
pollution.
Thus,
it
is
imperative
implement
appropriate
protocols
mitigate
pollution
environment.
BMC Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Oct. 22, 2020
Abstract
The
presence
of
emerging
contaminants
such
as
pharmaceutical
and
personal
care
products
in
many
aqueous
matrices
have
been
reported.
One
matrix
is
streams
wastewater,
including
wastewater
treatment
plants
inflows
outflows
flow
by-passing
plants.
Their
persistence
arises
from
their
resistant
to
breakdown,
hence
they
may
remain
the
environment
over
long
time,
with
a
potential
cause
adverse
effects
endocrine
disruption,
gene
toxicity,
imposition
sex
organs,
antibiotic
resistance
others
some
aquatic
organisms
exposed
arrays
residues
products.
Among
techniques,
advanced
oxidation
processes
reported
be
better
technique
through
which
these
PPCPs
can
degraded
WWTPs.
Heterogeneous
photocatalysis
using
various
photocatalyst
immobilized
on
solid
support
activated
carbon,
graphene
carbon
nanotubes
AOPs
shown
viable
efficient
method
degradation.
This
because,
performance
most
WWTPs
limited
since
were
not
designed
degrade
toxic
recalcitrant
PPCPs.
review
highlight
occurrence,
concentration
removal
efficiency
heterogeneous
TiO
2
supports.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
49(5), P. 2625 - 2638
Published: Jan. 22, 2015
Around
20
progestins
(also
called
gestagens,
progestogens,
or
progestagens)
are
used
today
in
assisting
a
range
of
medical
conditions
from
endometrial
cancer
to
uterine
bleeding
and
as
an
important
component
oral
contraception.
These
can
bind
wide
receptors
including
progestin,
estrogen,
androgen,
glucocorticoid,
mineralocorticoid
receptor,
well
sex
hormone
corticosteroid
binding
globulins.
It
appears
that
only
five
these
(four
synthetic
one
natural)
have
so
far
been
studied
sewage
effluent
surface
waters.
Analysis
has
reported
values
either
nondetects
low
nanograms
per
liter
rivers.
Seven
the
examined
for
their
effects
on
aquatic
vertebrates
(fish
frogs).
The
greatest
concern
is
associated
with
levonorgestrel,
norethisterone,
gestodene
ability
reduce
egg
production
fish
at
levels
0.8-1.0
ng/L.
lack
environmental
measurements,
some
contradictions
existing
values,
however,
hampers
our
make
risk
assessment.
Only
few
ethynodiol
diacetate
desogestrel
water
would
be
needed
receive
human
therapeutic
dose
according
modeled
bioconcentration
factors.
But
other
need
reach
tens
hundreds
achieve
dose.
Nevertheless,
compounds,
diverse
receptor
targets,
effect
reproduction
sub-nanogram-per-liter
should
prompt
further
research.
impair
female
very
concentrations
makes
arguably
most
pharmaceutical
group
after
ethinylestradiol.
