Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: June 30, 2020

The field of microbiome research has evolved rapidly over the past few decades and become a topic great scientific public interest. As result this rapid growth in interest covering different fields, we are lacking clear commonly agreed definition term "microbiome." Moreover, consensus on best practices is missing. Recently, panel international experts discussed current gaps frame European-funded MicrobiomeSupport project. meeting brought together about 40 leaders from diverse areas, while more than hundred all world took part an online survey accompanying workshop. This article excerpts outcomes workshop corresponding embedded short historical introduction future outlook. We propose based compact, clear, comprehensive description provided by Whipps et al. 1988, amended with set novel recommendations considering latest technological developments findings. clearly separate terms microbiota provide discussion composition microbiota, heterogeneity dynamics microbiomes time space, stability resilience microbial networks, core microbiomes, functionally relevant keystone species as well co-evolutionary principles microbe-host inter-species interactions within microbiome. These broad definitions suggested unifying concepts will help to improve standardization studies future, could be starting point for integrated assessment data resulting transfer knowledge basic science into practice. Furthermore, standards important solving new challenges associated anthropogenic-driven changes planetary health, which understanding might play key role. Video Abstract.

Language: Английский

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Soil microbiomes and one health

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 6 - 20

Published: Aug. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity and human health: mechanisms and evidence of the positive health effects of diversity in nature and green spaces

British Medical Bulletin, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 127(1), P. 5 - 22

Published: June 13, 2018

Natural environments and green spaces provide ecosystem services that enhance human health well-being. They improve mental health, mitigate allergies reduce all-cause, respiratory, cardiovascular cancer mortality. The presence, accessibility, proximity greenness of determine the magnitude their positive effects, but role biodiversity (including species diversity) within remains underexplored. This review describes mechanisms evidence effects in nature on health.We identified studies listed PubMed Web Science using combinations keywords including 'biodiversity', 'diversity', 'species richness', 'human health', 'mental health' 'well-being' with no restrictions year publication. Papers were considered for detailed evaluation if they written English reported data levels outcomes.There is associations between diversity well-being (psychological physical) immune system regulation.There a very limited number relate measured to health. There more self-reported psychological than well-defined clinical outcomes. High has been associated both reduced increased vector-borne disease risk.Biodiversity supports mitigating heat, noise air pollution, which all mediate spaces, direct long-term outcomes have insufficiently studied so far.Additional research newly developed methods are needed quantify short- exposure perceived objectively diversity, nature-based solutions microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Interaction of the microbiota with the human body in health and diseases

Bioscience of Microbiota Food and Health, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 39(2), P. 23 - 32

Published: Dec. 24, 2019

The human body contains many microorganisms, including a large number of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, which are referred to as the microbiota. Compared with cells comprising body, that microbiota has been found be much larger. microbiome is defined microorganisms their genomes have shown contain about 100 times more genes than genome. affects vital functions in body. It contributes regulation immune system, digestion food, production vitamins such B12 K, metabolization xenobiotic materials, other tasks. Many factors affect biodiversity, diet, medicines antibiotics, relationships environment, pregnancy, age. Studies lack diversity leads diseases like autoimmune diabetes type I, rheumatism, muscular dystrophy, problems blood coagulation due vitamin disturbances transfer nerve B12, addition its involvement conditions cancer, memory disorders, depression, stress, autism, Alzheimer’s disease. aim this review summarize latest studies discussing relationship between health diseases.

Language: Английский

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A biodiversity hypothesis

Allergy, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 74(8), P. 1445 - 1456

Published: March 6, 2019

Biodiversity hypothesis states that contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes immune balance and protects from allergy inflammatory disorders. We are protected by two nested layers of biodiversity, microbiota outer layer (soil, waters, plants, animals) inner (gut, skin, airways). The latter inhabits our body is colonized layer. Explosion populations along cultural evolution profoundly changing environment lifestyle. Adaptive immunoregulatory circuits dynamic homeostasis at stake in newly emerged urban surroundings. In allergy, chronic disorders general, exploring determinants immunotolerance key for prevention more effective treatment. Loss immunoprotective factors, derived nature, a new kind health risk poorly acknowledged until recently. paradigm change has been implemented Finnish programme (2008-2018), which emphasized tolerance instead avoidance. first results promising, as burden started to reduce. rapidly urbanizing world facing serious biodiversity loss global warming, interconnected. disease societal impact, example, on city planning, food energy production nature conservation. It also message individuals well-being: take close, touch, eat, breathe, experience enjoy. Biodiverse dependent planetary health, should be priority among professionals.

Language: Английский

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Review on biomass feedstocks, pyrolysis mechanism and physicochemical properties of biochar: State-of-the-art framework to speed up vision of circular bioeconomy

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 297, P. 126645 - 126645

Published: March 9, 2021

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(42)

Published: Oct. 14, 2020

As the incidence of immune-mediated diseases has increased rapidly in developed societies, there is an unmet need for novel prophylactic practices to fight against these maladies. This study first human intervention trial which urban environmental biodiversity was manipulated examine its effects on commensal microbiome and immunoregulation children. We analyzed changes skin gut microbiota blood immune markers children during a 28-day intervention. Children standard nature-oriented daycare centers were comparison. The diversified both Gammaproteobacterial communities, which, turn, associated with increases plasma TGF-β1 levels proportion regulatory T cells. IL-10:IL-17A ratio among trial. Our findings suggest that enhances immunoregulatory pathways provide incentive future approaches reduce risk societies.

Language: Английский

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Gut Reactions: Breaking Down Xenobiotic–Microbiome Interactions

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 71(2), P. 198 - 224

Published: March 19, 2019

The microbiome plays a key role in health and disease, there has been considerable interest therapeutic targeting of the as well mining this rich resource drug discovery efforts. However, growing body evidence suggests that gut microbiota can itself influence actions range xenobiotics, both beneficial potentially harmful ways. Traditionally, clinical studies evaluating pharmacokinetics new drugs have mostly ignored important direct indirect effects on metabolism efficacy. Despite some observations from xenobiotic general, is only an incomplete understanding scope specifically absorption, how might systemic concentrations parent compounds toxic metabolites. significance microbial xenobiotics impact host hepatic enzyme systems nonetheless gaining traction presents further challenge efforts, with implications for improving treatment outcomes or counteracting adverse reactions. Microbial factors must now be considered when determining evolving dynamic could regard. In review, we aim to integrate contribution disease focusing interventions, pharmacological action, chemical biotransformations collectively will future practice precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Curcumin: A New Key of Understanding for the Health Effects of Curcumin

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2499 - 2499

Published: Aug. 19, 2020

Curcumin, a lipophilic polyphenol contained in the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric), has been used for centuries traditional Asian medicine, and nowadays it is widely food as dietary spice worldwide. It received considerable attention its pharmacological activities, which appear to act primarily through anti-inflammatory antioxidant mechanisms. For this reason, proposed tool management many diseases, among are gastrointestinal neurological diabetes, several types cancer. However, pharmacology curcumin remains be elucidated; indeed, discrepancy exists between well-documented vitro vivo activities poor bioavailability chemical instability that should limit any therapeutic effect. Recently, hypothesized could exert direct regulative effects tract, where high concentrations have detected after oral administration. Consequently, might directly exerts regulatory on gut microbiota, thus explaining paradox low systemic wide activities. well known microbiota important roles human physiology, composition can influenced by multitude environmental lifestyle factors. Accordingly, perturbations microbiome profile or dysbiosis key role disease progression. Interestingly, metabolites shown influence microbiota. worth noting from interaction two different phenomena arise: regulation intestinal microflora biotransformation both them potentially crucial activity. This review summarizes most recent studies topic, highlighting strong connection with final aim adding new insight into potential mechanisms effects.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome of multiple sclerosis patients and paired household healthy controls reveal associations with disease risk and course

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(19), P. 3467 - 3486.e16

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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