Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: A conceptual framework

Environment International, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 106420 - 106420

Published: Feb. 7, 2021

Biodiversity is a cornerstone of human health and well-being. However, while evidence the contributions nature to rapidly building, research into how biodiversity relates remains limited in important respects. In particular, better mechanistic understanding range pathways through which can influence needed. These relate both psychological social processes as well biophysical processes. Building on from across natural, sciences, we present conceptual framework organizing linking health. Four domains pathways—both beneficial harmful—link with health: (i) reducing harm (e.g. provision medicines, decreasing exposure air noise pollution); (ii) restoring capacities attention restoration, stress reduction); (iii) building promoting physical activity, transcendent experiences); (iv) causing dangerous wildlife, zoonotic diseases, allergens). We discuss test components biodiversity-health available analytical approaches existing datasets. world accelerating declines biodiversity, profound land-use change, an increase non-communicable diseases globally, greater these reinforce conservation strategy for promotion people nature. conclude by identifying avenues recommendations policy practice foster biodiversity-focused public actions.

Language: Английский

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All disease begins in the (leaky) gut: role of zonulin-mediated gut permeability in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 69 - 69

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Improved hygiene leading to reduced exposure microorganisms has been implicated as one possible cause for the recent “epidemic” of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) in industrialized countries. That is essence hypothesis that argues rising incidence CIDs may be, at least part, result lifestyle and environmental changes have made us too “clean” our own good, so causing microbiota. Apart from genetic makeup triggers, inappropriate increase intestinal permeability (which be influenced by composition gut microbiota), a “hyper-belligerent” immune system responsible tolerance–immune response balance, microbiome its epigenetic influence on host genomic expression identified three additional elements CIDs. During past decade, growing number publications focused human genetics, microbiome, proteomics, suggesting loss mucosal barrier function, particularly gastrointestinal tract, substantially affect antigen trafficking, ultimately influencing close bidirectional interaction between system. This cross-talk highly influential shaping function shifting predisposition clinical outcome. observation led re-visitation causes epidemics, key pathogenic role permeability. Pre-clinical studies shown zonulin family, group proteins modulating permeability, variety CIDs, including autoimmune, infective, metabolic, tumoral diseases. These data offer novel therapeutic targets which pathway their pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Environmental factors in epithelial barrier dysfunction

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 145(6), P. 1517 - 1528

Published: June 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(42)

Published: Oct. 14, 2020

As the incidence of immune-mediated diseases has increased rapidly in developed societies, there is an unmet need for novel prophylactic practices to fight against these maladies. This study first human intervention trial which urban environmental biodiversity was manipulated examine its effects on commensal microbiome and immunoregulation children. We analyzed changes skin gut microbiota blood immune markers children during a 28-day intervention. Children standard nature-oriented daycare centers were comparison. The diversified both Gammaproteobacterial communities, which, turn, associated with increases plasma TGF-β1 levels proportion regulatory T cells. IL-10:IL-17A ratio among trial. Our findings suggest that enhances immunoregulatory pathways provide incentive future approaches reduce risk societies.

Language: Английский

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Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(5), P. 1418 - 1449

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The exposome can be classified into internal (e.g., aging, hormones, and metabolic processes), specific external chemical pollutants or lifestyle factors), general broader socioeconomic psychological contexts) domains, all which are interrelated. All factors we exposed to, from moment conception to death, part exposome. Several hundreds thousands new chemicals have been introduced modern life without our having full understanding their toxic health effects ways mitigate these effects. Climate change, air pollution, microplastics, tobacco smoke, changes loss biodiversity, alterations dietary habits, microbiome due modernization, urbanization, globalization constitute surrounding environment Some disrupt epithelial barriers skin mucosal surfaces, disruptions linked last few decades increasing prevalence severity inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, asthma. barrier hypothesis provides mechanistic explanation how explain rapid increase autoimmune In this review, discuss affecting planet's context 'epithelial hypothesis,' including climate emphasize on addition, roles increased fatty acid consumption environmental substances (detergents, airborne pollen, ozone, nanoparticles, tobacco) discussed. Considering emerging data recent studies, suggest stringent governmental regulations, global policy adjustments, patient education, establishment individualized control measures threats decrease disease.

Language: Английский

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Soil and Human Health: Current Status and Future Needs

Air Soil and Water Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Soil influences human health in a variety of ways, with being linked to the soil. Historically, emphasis has been placed on negative impacts that soils have health, including exposures toxins and pathogenic organisms or problems created by growing crops nutrient-deficient soils. However, there are number positive ways enhance from food production nutrient supply medications enhancement immune system. It is increasingly recognized soil an ecosystem myriad interconnected parts, each influencing other, when all necessary parts present functioning (ie, healthy), also benefits. Despite advances made, still many areas need additional investigation. We do not good understanding how chemical mixtures environment influence rule, exception. sparse information most chemicals react within chemically biologically active ecosystem, what those reactions mean for health. There better integrate ecology agronomic crop food/nutrition science, genetics bacterial fungal sequencing capabilities, metagenomics, subsequent analysis interpretation. While considerable work focused microbiology, macroorganisms received much less attention regarding links attention. Finally, pressing effectively communicate connections our broader society, as people cannot act they have. Multidisciplinary teams researchers, scientists, social others, will be essential move these issues forward.

Language: Английский

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Early life microbial exposures and allergy risks: opportunities for prevention

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 177 - 191

Published: Sept. 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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Role of viruses in asthma

Seminars in Immunopathology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 61 - 74

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

Respiratory viral infections are the most important triggers of asthma exacerbations. Rhinovirus (RV), common cold virus, is clearly prevalent pathogen constantly circulating in community. This virus also stands out from other factors due to its large diversity (about 170 genotypes), very effective replication, a tendency create Th2-biased inflammatory environment and association with specific risk genes people predisposed development (CDHR3). Decreased interferon responses, disrupted airway epithelial barrier, environmental exposures (including biased microbiome), nutritional deficiencies (low vitamin D fish oil) increase RV infections. It intensively debated whether illnesses actually cause asthma. syncytial (RSV) leading causative agent bronchiolitis, whereas starts dominate after 1 year age. Breathing difficulty induced by either these viruses associated later asthma, but higher for those who suffer severe RV-induced wheezing. The has unique mechanisms, general, factor atopic RSV more likely non-atopic Treatments that inhibit inflammation (corticosteroids, omalizumab) effectively decrease wheezing anti-RSV monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, decreases illness subsequent recurrent wheeze. A better understanding personal mechanisms crucial developing new strategies prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 100995 - 100995

Published: Aug. 5, 2021

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people worldwide. It most common in children, affecting at least 30 children and young adults Europe. complex, partially heritable with marked heterogeneity. Its development influenced both by genetic environmental factors. The common, as well characterized subtype asthma allergic eosinophilic asthma, type 2 airway inflammation. prevalence has substantially increased industrialized countries during last 60 years. mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are incompletely understood, however exposure to various pollutants probably plays role. Disease inception thought be enabled disadvantageous shift balance between protective harmful lifestyle factors, including commensal microbes versus infection pathogens, collectively leading epithelial cell damage disrupted barrier integrity. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines one main drivers immune response against innocuous allergens, ultimately infiltration lung tissue T helper (TH2) cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), M2 macrophages eosinophils. This review outlines responsible for orchestration inflammation summarizes novel findings, but not limited dysregulated integrity, alarmin release stimulation.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and global health: A call to more research and more action

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(5), P. 1389 - 1407

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

There is increasing understanding, globally, that climate change and increased pollution will have a profound mostly harmful effect on human health. This review brings together international experts to describe both the direct (such as heat waves) indirect vector-borne disease incidence) health impacts of change. These vary depending vulnerability (i.e., existing diseases) international, economic, political, environmental context. unique also expands these issues address third category potential longer-term global health: famine, population dislocation, justice education. scholarly resource explores fully, linking them in urban rural settings developed developing countries. The finishes with practical discussion action professionals around world our field can yet take.

Language: Английский

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