In
this
study,
we
compared
a
wide
range
of
cell-based
bioassays
to
the
use
chemical
analysis
followed
by
exposure-activity
ratio
(EAR)
and
Toxicological
Prioritization
index
(ToxPi)
for
prioritizing
chemicals,
sites,
hazard
concerns
in
water
samples.
Surface
samples
were
collected
from
nine
sites
three
Central
Pennsylvania
streams
analyzed
targeted
list
compounds
emerging
concern
(CECs),
including
pesticides,
personal
care
products,
pharmaceuticals.
Cell-based
reporter
assays
evaluated
human
zebrafish
molecular
initiating
events
(MIEs)
endocrine
metabolic
disruption,
altered
lipid
metabolism,
oxidative
stress.
Bioassays
showed
that
29
out
40
had
at
least
one
site
with
activity
over
limit
detection.
The
receptors
exhibited
highest
number
above
effect-based
trigger
(EBT)
values
would
be
expected
cause
toxicity
Aryl
hydrocarbon
receptor
(AhR,
zebrafish),
Pregnane
X
Receptor
(PXR),
Estrogen
Receptor-beta
(ERB),
Androgen
(AR).
Characterizing
collection
their
bioactivity
aligned
closely
stream
which
collected,
Warriors
Mark
Run,
Halfmoon,
Spruce
Run
more
similar
than
other
streams.
sum
all
EARs
each
indicated
pharmaceutical
Carbamazepine
pesticides
Carbaryl
Atrazine
posed
greatest
concern.
However,
predicted
prioritization
based
on
individual
calculated
EAR
different
those
measured
bioassay,
indicating
biologically
active
chemicals
are
present
not
included
analytes.
Taken
together,
these
data
show
beneficial
whereas
mechanism-based
inclusive
known
as
well
unknown
contaminants
thus
overall
quality
prioritization.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
41(4), P. 1016 - 1041
Published: Jan. 12, 2022
Abstract
With
improved
analytical
techniques,
environmental
monitoring
studies
are
increasingly
able
to
report
the
occurrence
of
tens
or
hundreds
chemicals
per
site,
making
it
difficult
identify
most
relevant
from
a
biological
standpoint.
For
present
study,
organic
chemical
was
examined,
individually
and
as
mixtures,
in
context
potential
effects.
Sediment
collected
at
71
Great
Lakes
(USA/Canada)
tributary
sites
analyzed
for
87
chemicals.
Multiple
risk‐based
lines
evidence
were
used
prioritize
locations,
including
comparing
sediment
concentrations
estimated
porewater
with
established
whole‐organism
benchmarks
(i.e.,
water
quality
criteria
screening
values)
high‐throughput
toxicity
data
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
ToxCast
database,
estimating
additive
effects
mixtures
on
common
endpoints,
toxic
equivalencies
alkylphenols
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs).
This
multiple‐lines‐of‐evidence
approach
enabled
more
chemicals,
mitigated
uncertainties
individual
approaches,
strengthened
conclusions.
Collectively,
least
one
benchmark/screening
value
exceeded
54
exceedances
observed
all
sites.
Chemicals
greatest
effects,
both
mixture
components,
bisphenol
A,
4‐nonylphenol,
indole,
carbazole,
several
PAHs.
Potential
adverse
outcomes
based
gene
targets
putative
outcome
pathways
included
tumors,
skewed
sex
ratios,
reproductive
dysfunction,
hepatic
steatosis,
early
mortality,
among
others.
The
results
provide
screening‐level
prioritization
an
indication
where
they
likely
occur.
Environ
Toxicol
Chem
2022;41:1016–1041.
Published
2022.
article
is
U.S.
Government
work
public
domain
USA.
Toxicology
Chemistry
published
by
Wiley
Periodicals
LLC
behalf
SETAC.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
42(2), P. 340 - 366
Published: Sept. 27, 2022
To
help
meet
the
objectives
of
Great
Lakes
Restoration
Initiative
with
regard
to
increasing
knowledge
about
toxic
substances,
223
pesticides
and
pesticide
transformation
products
were
monitored
in
15
tributaries
using
polar
organic
chemical
integrative
samplers.
A
screening-level
assessment
their
potential
for
biological
effects
was
conducted
by
computing
toxicity
quotients
(TQs)
chemicals
available
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(USEPA)
Aquatic
Life
Benchmark
values.
In
addition,
exposure
activity
ratios
(EAR)
calculated
information
from
USEPA
ToxCast
database.
Between
16
81
detected
per
site,
97
unique
compounds
overall,
which
64
could
be
assessed
TQs
or
EARs.
Ten
exceeded
TQ
EAR
levels
concern
at
two
more
sites.
Chemicals
exceeding
thresholds
included
seven
herbicides
(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid,
diuron,
metolachlor,
acetochlor,
atrazine,
simazine,
sulfentrazone),
a
product
(deisopropylatrazine),
insecticides
(fipronil
imidacloprid).
Watersheds
draining
agricultural
urban
areas
had
detections
higher
concentrations
compared
other
land
uses.
Chemical
mixtures
analysis
assays
associated
common
modes
action
defined
gene
targets
adverse
outcome
pathways
(AOP)
indicated
on
related
range
cellular
processes,
including
xenobiotic
metabolism,
extracellular
signaling,
endocrine
function,
protection
against
oxidative
stress.
Use
ontology
databases
AOP
knowledgebase
within
R-package
ToxMixtures
highlighted
utility
data
identifying
evaluating
outcomes
mixtures.
Results
have
provided
list
high-priority
future
monitoring
warranting
further
evaluation
laboratory
field
environments.
Environ
Toxicol
Chem
2023;42:340-366.
Published
2022.
This
article
is
U.S.
Government
work
public
domain
USA.
Toxicology
Chemistry
published
Wiley
Periodicals
LLC
behalf
SETAC.
Environmental Science Water Research & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(12), P. 3191 - 3199
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Episodic
stormwater
discharges
expose
aquatic
ecosystems
to
extensive
contaminant
mixtures.
Cumulative
acute
risks
multiple
trophic
levels
are
estimated
based
on
mixtures
documented
in
a
US
reconnaissance.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
26(12), P. 3688 - 3688
Published: June 16, 2021
Background:
Pesticide
residues
are
a
threat
to
the
health
of
global
population,
not
only
farmers,
applicators,
and
other
pesticide
professionals.
Humans
exposed
through
various
routes
such
as
food,
skin,
inhalation.
This
study
summarizes
different
methods
assess
and/or
estimate
human
exposure
population.
Methods:
A
systematic
search
was
carried
out
on
Scopus
web
science
databases
studies
since
2019.
Results:
The
risk
can
be
categorized
direct
(determining
specific
biomarkers
in
matrices)
or
indirect
levels
environment
food
estimating
occurrence).
role
that
analytical
techniques
play
analyzed.
In
both
cases,
application
generic
solvent
extraction
solid-phase
(SPE)
clean-up,
followed
by
liquid
gas
chromatography
coupled
mass
spectrometry,
is
decisive.
Advances
within
have
played
an
unquestionable
role.
Conclusions:
All
these
contributed
important
advance
knowledge
for
detection
subsequent
assessment
nonoccupational
exposure.