The Impact of Drought in Plant Metabolism: How to Exploit Tolerance Mechanisms to Increase Crop Production

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(16), P. 5692 - 5692

Published: Aug. 17, 2020

Plants are often exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions, for instance abiotic stresses, which dramatically alter distribution of plant species among ecological niches and limit the yields crop species. Among these, drought stress is one most impacting factors seriously physiology, finally leading decline productivity. Drought causes in plants a set morpho-anatomical, physiological biochemical changes, mainly addressed loss water by transpiration with attempt increase use efficiency. The stomata closure, first consistent reactions observed under drought, results series consequent physiological/biochemical adjustments aimed at balancing photosynthetic process as well enhancing defense barriers against drought-promoted (e.g., stimulation antioxidant systems, accumulation osmolytes aquaporin synthesis), all representing an overcome period limited availability. In view severe changes availability imposed climate change considering increasing human population, it therefore outmost importance highlight: (i) how react drought; (ii) mechanisms tolerance exhibited some species/cultivars; (iii) techniques All these aspects necessary respond continuously demand food, unfortunately parallels arable land due rainfall dynamics prolonged provoked factors. This review summarizes updated findings on impact morphological, features highlights could be exploited capability survive addition, possible applicative strategies help counteracting periods also discussed.

Language: Английский

---

Melatonin and calcium function synergistically to promote the resilience through ROS metabolism under arsenic-induced stress

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 398, P. 122882 - 122882

Published: May 15, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Melatonin Improves Drought Stress Tolerance of Tomato by Modulating Plant Growth, Root Architecture, Photosynthesis, and Antioxidant Defense System

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 309 - 309

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Tomato is an important vegetable that highly sensitive to drought (DR) stress which impairs the development of tomato seedlings. Recently, melatonin (ME) has emerged as a nontoxic, regulatory biomolecule regulates plant growth and enhances DR tolerance mechanism in plants. The present study was conducted examine defensive role ME photosynthesis, root architecture, antioxidant enzymes' activities seedlings subjected stress. Our results indicated strongly suppressed biomass production, inhibited negatively affected morphology, reduced photosynthetic pigments Per contra, soluble sugars, proline, ROS (reactive oxygen species) were suggested be improved under Conversely, (100 µM) pretreatment detrimental-effect by restoring chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters attributes compared with DR-group only. Moreover, supplementation also mitigated enzymes [APX (ascorbate peroxidase), CAT (catalase), DHAR (dehydroascorbate reductase), GST (glutathione S-transferase), GR MDHAR (monodehydroascorbate POD (peroxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase)], non-enzymatic [AsA (ascorbate), DHA (dehydroascorbic acid), GSH (glutathione), GSSG, (oxidized glutathione)] activities, oxidative damage [EL (electrolyte leakage), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), MDA (malondialdehyde), O2•- ion)] osmoregulation (soluble sugars proline) seedlings, regulating gene expression for SOD, CAT, APX, GR, POD, GST, DHAR, MDHAR. These findings determine could efficiently improve growth, characteristics, leaf photosynthesis machinery thereby increasing seedlings' adaptability

Language: Английский

---

Secondary metabolites in the drought stress tolerance of crop plants: A review

Gene Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23, P. 101040 - 101040

Published: Feb. 17, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Mechanistic insights on melatonin‐mediated drought stress mitigation in plants

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 172(2), P. 1212 - 1226

Published: Dec. 11, 2020

Abstract Drought stress imposes a serious threat to crop productivity and nutritional security. adaptation mechanisms involve complex regulatory network comprising of various sensory signaling molecules. In this context, melatonin has emerged as potential molecule playing crucial role in imparting tolerance plants. Melatonin pretreatment regulates plant physiological processes such osmoregulation, germination, photosynthesis, senescence, primary/secondary metabolism, hormonal cross‐talk under water deficit conditions. Melatonin‐mediated regulation ascorbate‐glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle plays scavenge reactive oxygen species generated the cells during drought. Here, review, current knowledge on ameliorate adverse effects drought by modulating morphological, physiological, redox is discussed. The improve absorption capacity roots regulating aquaporin channels involved mitigation are also Overall, versatile bio‐molecule growth promotion yield enhancement that makes it suitable candidate for eco‐friendly production ensure food

Language: Английский

---

Exogenous melatonin induces drought stress tolerance by promoting plant growth and antioxidant defence system of soybean plants

AoB Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(4)

Published: June 8, 2021

Melatonin is an indolamine bioactive molecule that regulates a wide range of physiological processes during plant growth and enhances abiotic stress tolerance. Here we examined the putative role exogenous melatonin application (foliar or root zone) in improving drought tolerance soybean seedlings. Pre-treatment seedlings with (50 100 µM) was found to significantly mitigate negative effects on growth-related parameters chlorophyll content. The beneficial impacts against were more pronounced by rhizosphere than foliar treatments. melatonin-induced enhanced could be attributed improved photosynthetic activity, reduction abscisic acid drought-induced oxidative damage lowering accumulation reactive oxygen species malondialdehyde. Interestingly, contents jasmonic salicylic higher following treatment zone compared control. activity major antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase ascorbate stimulated application. In addition, counteracted increase proline sugar These findings revealed modifying endogenous hormone content Our provide evidence for stronger leaves, which may useful large-scale field level drought.

Language: Английский

---

Melatonin as a regulatory hub of plant hormone levels and action in stress situations

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(S1), P. 7 - 19

Published: Oct. 24, 2020

Melatonin, a molecule first discovered in animal tissues, plays an important role multiple physiological responses as possible plant master regulator. It mediates to different types of stress, both biotic and abiotic. Melatonin reduces the negative effects associated with stressors, improving response by increasing stress tolerance. When plants respond situations, they use up large amount resources through set perfectly synchronized actions. Responses mediated melatonin plant's hormones to, after adequate modulation, counteract overcome action stressor. In this paper, we review melatonin-plant hormone relationships. Factors that trigger central are analysed. An extensive analysis current studies shows modulates metabolism (biosynthesis catabolism), rise or fall their endogenous levels, regulation signalling elements how affects final auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic jasmonates, brassinosteroids, polyamines strigolactones. Lastly, general overview melatonin's actions its regulatory at global level is provided proposals for future research made.

Language: Английский

---

Exogenous melatonin alleviates salt stress by improving leaf photosynthesis in rice seedlings

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 367 - 375

Published: April 21, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Ameliorative effect of melatonin improves drought tolerance by regulating growth, photosynthetic traits and leaf ultrastructure of maize seedlings

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Aug. 12, 2021

Abstract Background Melatonin is considered a potential plant growth regulator to enhance the of plants and increase tolerance various abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, melatonin’s role in mediating stress response different species cycles still needs be explored. This study was conducted understand impact melatonin concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 μM) applied as soil drench maize seedling under drought conditions. A decreased irrigation approach based on watering exposed after at 40–45% field capacity. Results The results showed that negatively affected behavior seedlings, such reduced biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, enhanced malondialdehyde reactive oxygen (ROS). However, application growth; alleviated ROS-induced oxidative damages by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, relative water content, osmo-protectants seedlings. Conclusions treatment also stomatal traits, length, width, area, number pores Our data suggested 100 μM drenching could provide valuable foundation for improving

Language: Английский

---

Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(18), P. 9996 - 9996

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes both animals and plants. In last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced high concentrations by species belonging to plant kingdom stored specialized tissues. review, main information related chemistry melatonin metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, biosynthetic pathway characteristics animal cells have compared, differences between two systems highlighted. Additionally, order investigate distribution indolamine kingdom, cluster analysis performed using database composed 47 previously published articles reporting content different families, Finally, potential pharmacological biostimulant benefits derived from administration exogenous on or plants via intake dietary supplements application formulation discussed.

Language: Английский

---