Occurrence, source, ecological risk, and mitigation of phthalates (PAEs) in agricultural soils and the environment: A review

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 220, P. 115196 - 115196

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Language: Английский

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Environmental and Food Contamination by Phthalic Acid Esters (PAEs): Overview

Water Air & Soil Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 235(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are dialkyl or alkyl/aryl ester derivatives of phthalic acid. PAEs colorless, odorless, and flavorless oily liquids. the main plasticizers used in industry households. DEHP (di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate) is plasticizer polymer industry, whereas DMP (dimethyl DEP (diethyl mainly as solvents fixatives cosmetics personal care products. synthetic organic compounds poorly soluble water but solvents. Into environment, they introduced during production, use degradation, packaging, transportation plastic In degraded three ways: by hydrolysis, photodegradation, microbial biodegradation hydrolysis environment very slow. pollutants soil, water, groundwater, river marine air, sediments, vegetables, biota. Due to great interest subject environmental pollution emergence new information this area, it extremely important systematically review current knowledge. presented paper, occurrence different matrices was reviewed. The toxicity plants, animals, humans also described.

Language: Английский

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Higher potential leaching of inorganic and organic additives from biodegradable compared to conventional agricultural plastic mulch film

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 488, P. 137147 - 137147

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Plastic mulch films support global food security, however, their composition and the potential release rates of organic, metal metalloid co-contaminants remains relatively unknown. This study evaluates low molecular weight organic additives, content leaching from density polyethylene (LDPE) biodegradable plastic films. We identified 59 non-intentionally added substances in new LDPE (39.8 mg m-2) 60 (129 m-2). The compounds high concern for ecosystem human health (e.g. phthalates, organophosphite antioxidants) was comparable to those (fatty acids, fatty amides, alkanols). However, majority leached have undergone no regulatory scrutiny environmental fate toxicity remain Leaching heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb) relative inert fillers (Ca, Na). higher both metal/metalloid additives (74.6 than (23.7 untargeted approach allowed assessment chemical burden posed individual farms, based on existing use patterns films, with coming raising pollution swapping. research emphasises need include complex mixture when assessing risks presented by balancing yield benefits protection our agricultural soils.

Language: Английский

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Effect of plastic film mulching and film residues on phthalate esters concentrations in soil and plants, and its risk assessment

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 286, P. 117546 - 117546

Published: June 8, 2021

The application of plastic film mulching can greatly improve dryland productivity, while the release toxic phthalate esters (PAEs) from has generated concern. This study investigated effects mulched and residual on PAE concentrations in soil-crop system assessed risks to people eating crop products. PAEs concentration 0–25 cm soil layer farmland was 0.45–0.81 mg/kg, average 0.37–0.73 mg/kg non-mulched decreased by 19%. reached highest July, being 0.80–0.84 soil, also appeared gradually May at 0.62–0.74 October, were almost same non–mulched soils harvest time October 0.37–0.44 mg/kg. With amounts increasing 0 kg/ha 2700 (equivalent total amount after 60 years continuous mulching), no significant changes, 0.54–0.93 Maize (Zea mays L.) roots could absorb accumulate PAEs, bio-concentration factor (BCF) 1.6–2.3, stems, leaves, grains 79%–80% those 0.77–1.47 For ingestion maize or potato (Solanum tuberosum tubers grown containing 450–2700 kg/ha, hazard index (HI) less than 1, carcinogenic (CRs) 2.5 × 10−7–2.2 10−6, estrogenic equivalences 6.17–17.73 ng E2/kg. provides important data for risk management farmlands.

Language: Английский

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Health risks of phthalates: A review of immunotoxicity

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 313, P. 120173 - 120173

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Characteristics and risk assessment of organophosphate esters and phthalates in soils and vegetation from Dalian, northeast China

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 284, P. 117532 - 117532

Published: June 5, 2021

Language: Английский

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Plasticisers in the terrestrial environment: sources, occurrence and fate

Environmental Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 111 - 130

Published: July 29, 2021

Environmental context Many human activities cause the release of plastic and associated plasticisers to land, where chemicals may persist for extended periods be taken up by organisms. However, quantitative information terrestrial occurrence, fate exposure phthalate non-phthalate is lacking. Research into this field needed, especially as society moves away from phthalates next generation which themselves represent an emerging risk. Abstract Modern widely dependent upon plastic. Therefore, it unsurprising that macro- microplastic pollution found in every environmental compartment on earth. Plasticisers are added plastics increase their flexibility. Like themselves, also present environment. debris undergo long-range transport atmosphere oceans, contaminating even most remote areas land. In addition, although typically degrade a matter weeks–months, they can soil decades have been shown occur all land uses studied. Some genotoxic organisms, pose risk ecosystems health. To date majority data exists phthalates. diverse range with increasing transfer alternatives, research effects required determine management options. Data occurrence ecotoxicity plasticisers, addition impacts ecosystems, therefore, remain key need within wider debate.

Language: Английский

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Co-occurrence of macroplastics, microplastics, and legacy and emerging plasticisers in UK soils

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 880, P. 163258 - 163258

Published: April 3, 2023

Despite a theoretical link between plastic and plasticiser occurrence in the terrestrial environment, there are few empirical studies of relationship these contaminants soils. We carried out field study to assess co-occurrence waste, legacy emerging plasticisers UK soils (n = 19) from various land uses (woodlands, urban roadsides, parklands, landfill-associated). Surface plastics soil microplastics were quantified characterised using ATR-FTIR μ-FTIR. Eight (phthalate) three (adipate, citrate, trimellitate) GC–MS. found at higher prevalence landfill-associated roadside sites, with levels significantly (2 orders magnitude) greater than woodlands. Microplastics detected (mean 12.3 particles g−1 dw), (17.3 dw) parkland (15.7 soils, but not woodland The most commonly polymers polyethene, polypropene polystyrene. Mean ∑plasticiser concentration (3111 ng was woodlands (134 dw). No significant difference (318 (193 Di-n-butyl phthalate (94.7% detection frequency) trioctyl trimellitate (89.5%) plasticisers, diethylhexyl (493 di-iso-decyl (96.7 present highest concentrations. concentrations correlated surface (R2 0.23), microplastic Whilst litter seems fundamental source mechanisms such as airborne transport areas may be important. Based on data this study, phthalates remain dominant already widespread, reflected by their presence all studied.

Language: Английский

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Exploring additives beyond phthalates: Release from plastic mulching films, biodegradation and occurrence in agricultural soils

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 918, P. 170763 - 170763

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Understanding the leaching of plastic additives and subsequent risks to ecosystems

Water Emerging Contaminants & Nanoplastics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Plastic pollutants have emerged as one of the biggest environmental concerns in recent times. The potential hazards arise from presence additives within microplastics (MPs), which can leach into environment. These serve a multitude purposes, resulting diverse range compounds used plastic formulation. elements are commonly integrated molding processes to enhance usability, optimize material performance, and reduce costs. Throughout lifespan plastics, there exists for release unpolymerized monomers (sometimes more toxic) that not chemically bound polymers; these pose risks environment and, ultimately, human well-being. Assessing impact MPs on life requires determining precise chemical composition level exposure additives. Phthalates flame retardants currently focus extensive examination due their widespread Following closely behind stabilizers antioxidants, also undergoing evaluation. Chemical like hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) possess characteristics such persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity. understanding ecotoxicological implications discharge primary materials remains limited at present. current state issues concerning regulations transparency regarding additive chemicals is marked by significant lack openness clarity. It paramount thoroughly comprehend assess ecosystems face leaching, degradation, eventual fate when plastics released

Language: Английский

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