Environmental Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
19(6), P. 375 - 384
Published: Jan. 5, 2023
Environmental
context
Most
human
pharmaceutical
waste
is
discharged
to
the
environment.
While
presence
of
pharmaceuticals
in
freshwater
systems
well
documented
globally,
little
known
impact
on
marine
ecosystems.
We
measured
a
environment
south-eastern
Australia
and
found
concentrations
around
24
000
times
higher
benthic
flora
than
surface
waters.
discuss
potential
use
seaweeds
as
biological
indicators
pollution.
Rationale
Pharmaceuticals
are
emerging
pollutants
concern
with
range
adverse
consequences
for
organisms
Their
estuarine
has
been
documented,
but
less
about
their
prevalence
open
ocean,
or
uptake
by
flora.
This
preliminary
survey
southern
Australian
coastline
sought
measure
key
both
waters
Methodology
study
used
LC-MS/MS
concentration
carbamazepine,
tramadol
venlafaxine
(1)
samples
from
wastewater
treatment
plants,
(2)
ocean
(3)
several
species
Surface
were
sampled
at
two
sites
near
water
plant
(WWTP)
discharges,
one
site
away
any
discharge.
Results
All
three
detected
risk
assessed
(via
quotient)
medium
(carbamazepine)
low
(venlafaxine,
tramadol).
also
flora,
particularly
brown
macroalgae;
Tramadol
was
maximum
34.7
ng
g−1
Hormosira
banksii,
Venlafaxine
recorded
17.3
Caulocystis
cephalornithos.
Discussion
The
calculated
bioconcentration
factors
suggest
up
~24
surrounding
water.
There
evidence
that
proximity
WWTP
outfalls
influenced
levels
results
may
be
suitable
bioindicators
contamination
impacts
ecosystems
demand
further
investigation.
Journal of Hazardous Materials,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
424, P. 127284 - 127284
Published: Sept. 22, 2021
Pharmaceuticals
and
personal
care
products
(PPCPs)
are
found
in
wastewater,
thus,
the
environment.
In
this
study,
current
knowledge
about
occurrence
fate
of
PPCPs
aquatic
systems-including
wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
natural
waters
around
world-is
critically
reviewed
to
inform
state
science
highlight
existing
gaps.
Excretion
by
humans
is
primary
route
entry
into
municipal
systems,
but
significant
contributions
also
occur
through
emissions
from
hospitals,
manufacturers,
agriculture.
Abundance
raw
influenced
several
factors,
including
population
density
demography
served
WWTPs,
presence
hospitals
drugs
manufacturers
sewershed,
disease
burden
served,
local
regulations,
climatic
conditions.
Based
on
data
obtained
analgesics,
antibiotics,
stimulants
(e.g.,
caffeine)
most
abundant
wastewater.
conventional
removal
occurs
during
secondary
treatment,
overall
exceeds
90%
for
treatable
PPCPs.
Regardless,
total
PPCP
mass
discharged
with
effluent
an
average
WWTP
receiving
(7.35-20,160
g/day)
still
considerable,
because
potential
adverse
effects
some
(such
as
ibuprofen)
organisms
within
measured
concentrations
surface
waters.
Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
4, P. 50 - 66
Published: Dec. 3, 2021
Environmental
ubiquity
of
pharmaceuticals
has
stimulated
a
lot
societal
and
global
concerns.
The
occurrence
in
the
environment
differs
from
country
to
depending
on
extent
consumption
monitoring.
Most
studies
reporting
are
conducted
coastal
regions
with
numerous
articles
reviews
reported
developed
countries.
current
review
reports
inland
waters
major
focus
devoted
developing
countries
Africa
Asia.
was
further
dedicated
sources
distribution
mechanisms,
which
contribute
greatly
their
environment.
Antibiotics
non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory
drugs
(NSAIDs)
most
African
waters.
For
example,
an
antibiotic
(sulfamethoxazole)
detected
more
than
four
highest
concentrations
reaching
53.8–56.6
μg
L−1
Kenya
Mozambique.
Furthermore,
amoxicillin
ranging
0.087–272.2
were
Nigeria.
Ibuprofen,
is
NSAID
at
67.9
58.7
Durban
city
Msunduzi
River
(KwaZulu-Natal,
South
Africa),
respectively.
However,
concentration
antiretroviral
drug
(lamivudine)
up
167
found
surface
water
samples
collected
Nairobi
Kisumu
city,
Kenya.
In
Asian
countries,
antibiotics
365.05
samples.
other
comparably
below
environmental
Health
risks
associated
fate
critically
reviewed.
Sample
preparation
techniques
analytical
instruments
necessary
for
also
concluding
remarks
based
deliberating
possible
future
prospects
within
research
expertise.
Toxicology Reports,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9, P. 534 - 540
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Antibiotics
are
extensively
used
to
treat
human
and
animal
diseases
especially
in
production
promote
the
growth
performance
of
livestock
aquatic
animals.
Sulphonamides,
as
important
drugs
for
animals,
often
aquaculture
prevent
diseases.
However,
various
antibiotics
found
environment
exhibit
varying
degrees
toxicity
organisms.
wastewater
produced
industrial
agricultural
processes
not
thoroughly
removed
by
sewage
treatment
released
into
water,
which
results
pollution
surrounding
water
environment,
forcing
people
pay
attention
towards
ecosystem.
Several
studies
have
investigated
impact
on
organisms
environment;
however,
only
a
few
underlying
mechanism.
persisting
an
long
time
can
cause
genotoxicity
histopathological
changes
Therefore,
this
paper
reviews
sources
status
sulfonamides
at
home
abroad,
focuses
research
ecotoxicological
effects
Because
there
antibiotic
pollution,
but
also
many
other
pollutants,
such
heavy
metals,
micro
plastics
chemicals,
it
will
be
challenge
determine
combined
or
pollutants
future
environmental
studies.
Plants,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(3), P. 591 - 591
Published: March 21, 2021
Antibiotic
residues
have
been
commonly
detected
worldwide
in
freshwater,
estuarine,
and
marine
ecosystems.
The
review
summarizes
the
up-to-date
information
about
toxic
effects
of
over
60
antibiotics
on
nontarget
autotrophic
microorganisms
with
a
particular
focus
microalgae.
A
comprehensive
overview
available
reports
led
to
identification
significant
knowledge
gaps.
data
just
one
species
freshwater
green
algae
(Raphidocelis
subcapitata)
constitute
60%
total
toxicity
antibiotics,
while
account
for
less
than
14%
reports.
Moreover,
there
is
clear
gap
regarding
chronic
antibiotic
exposure
(only
9%
studies
represent
exposition
time
values
longer
7
days).
different
physiological
endpoints,
including
processes
involved
photosynthesis,
photoprotective
antioxidant
mechanisms.
Currently,
hazard
assessment
mostly
based
results
evaluation
individual
chemicals
acute
tests
organisms.
Future
research
trends
should
involve
effect
incorporating
sensitive
endpoints
application
environmentally
relevant
concentrations,
as
well
mixture
combined
environmental
factors
influencing
toxicity.
