The
widespread
use
of
engineered
nanomaterials
(ENMs)
has
expanded
faster
than
our
understanding
their
toxicity,
prompting
research
into
the
biological
responses
against
exposure
to
such
materials.
Genomics
and
transcriptomics
have
been
extensively
used
evaluate
effects
various
ENMs.
By
determining
gene
activities,
these
studies
provided
valuable
information
infer
how
cells
respond
toxicological
many
application
mass
spectrometry
(MS)-based
omics
tools,
as
proteomics,
lipidomics,
metabolomics,
offer
post-genomic
perspectives
what
cellular
processes
are
altered.
Individually,
technologies
revealed
proteome,
lipidome,
metabolome
landscape
upon
Together,
approaches
demonstrate
ENM-induced
adaptation
in
a
broad
range
at
multiple
levels
complexity
ENM–cell
interactions.
As
result,
integrating
layers
MS-based
data
is
trending
complement
genomics
data.
In
this
chapter,
we
discuss
applications
tools
for
comprehensive
systems-level
characterization
induced
by
nanomaterials.
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
161, P. 116996 - 116996
Published: Feb. 22, 2023
Organoids
are
3D
models
of
organs,
grown
in
the
laboratory
from
stem
cells.
An
organ
model
grown/placed
microfluidic
devices
is
commonly
termed
an
"organ-on-a-chip".
and
organ-on-a-chip
becoming
important
tools
for
studying
physiology,
disease
modeling,
drug
discovery,
personalized
medicine,
toxicology,
development/embryogenesis.
We
review
how
mass
spectrometry
used
organoids
organ-on-a-chip-derived
material.
first
focus
on
proteomics,
metabolomics/lipidomics,
hormones,
typically
discussing
liquid
chromatography-mass
(LC-MS)
approaches.
then
work
imaging
(MSI)
discuss
coupled
with
spectrometry.
The
focuses
research
developments
past
four
years.
Mass
spectrometric
analysis
has
allowed
novel
insights
development
e.g.
brain,
liver,
tumors,
demonstrating
potential
replacing
or
complementing
animal
other
traditional
systems.
Additional
applications
emerging,
related
to
sports
doping
environmental
toxicology.
Current Issues in Molecular Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
46(4), P. 3134 - 3163
Published: April 4, 2024
This
review
focuses
on
the
thioredoxin
domain
containing
5
(TXNDC5),
also
known
as
endoplasmic
reticulum
protein
46
(ERp46),
a
member
of
disulfide
isomerase
(PDI)
family
with
dual
role
in
multiple
diseases.
TXNDC5
is
highly
expressed
endothelial
cells,
fibroblasts,
pancreatic
β-cells,
liver
and
hypoxic
tissues,
such
cancer
cells
atherosclerotic
plaques.
plays
crucial
regulating
cell
proliferation,
apoptosis,
migration,
antioxidative
stress.
Its
potential
significance
warrants
further
investigation,
given
altered
adaptable
metabolism
tumor
cells.
It
has
been
reported
that
both
high
low
levels
expression
are
associated
diseases,
arthritis,
cancer,
diabetes,
brain
infections,
well
worse
prognoses.
attributed
to
oncogenic
tumor-suppressive
features.
concluded
acts
foe
responds
metabolic
cellular
stress
signals
promote
survival
against
apoptosis.
Conversely,
normal
friend
safeguard
oxidative
Therefore,
could
serve
viable
biomarker
or
even
pharmacological
target.
FEBS Open Bio,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 28, 2025
Soman
is
an
organophosphorus
compound
that
induces
neurotoxicity.
In
addition
to
its
direct
toxic
effects
resulting
from
acetylcholine
accumulation,
neurotoxicity
may
also
be
exacerbated
by
inducing
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
stress.
light
of
the
current
scarcity
appropriate
in
vitro
assessment
models,
present
study,
we
used
cerebral
organoids
derived
human
pluripotent
stem
cells,
a
new
tool
for
investigating
mechanisms
neurotoxicity,
investigate
soman‐induced
ER
The
results
demonstrated
soman
significantly
suppressed
acetylcholinesterase
activity
and
activated
GRP78‐ATF6‐CHOP
(i.e.
glucose‐regulated
protein
78‐activating
transcription
factor
6‐C/EBP
homologous
protein)
stress
cascade,
driving
apoptosis
organoids.
Pharmacological
inhibition
pre‐treating
with
inhibitor
4‐phenylbutyric
acid
prior
exposure
attenuated
apoptotic
signaling
downregulated
GRP78,
ATF6
CHOP
expression.
Parallel
vivo
validation
utilized
rat
model
subcutaneous
exposure,
focusing
on
hippocampal
striatal
markers.
Consistent
findings,
soman‐exposed
rats
exhibited
marked
activation
brain
regions
critical
This
study
establishes
as
key
contributor
highlights
physiologically
relevant
research.
We
propose
modulation
potential
therapeutic
strategy
mitigate
neurotoxic
outcomes.
