The haplotype-resolved Prymnesium parvum (type B) microalga genome reveals the genetic basis of its fish-killing toxins DOI Creative Commons
Heiner Kuhl, Jürgen F. H. Strassert, Dora Čertnerová

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 30, 2024

The catastrophic loss of aquatic life in the Central European Oder River 2022, caused by a toxic bloom haptophyte microalga Prymnesium parvum (in wide sense, s.l.), underscores need to improve our understanding genomic basis toxin. Previous morphological, phylogenetic, and studies have revealed cryptic diversity within P. s.l. uncovered three clade-specific (types A, B, C) prymnesin toxins. Here, we used state-of-the-art long-read sequencing assembled first haplotype-resolved diploid genome type strain responsible for disaster. Comparative analyses with A genomes genome-size expansion driven repetitive elements B. We also found conserved chromosomal synteny but divergent evolution several polyketide synthase (PKS) genes, which are known underlie toxin production combination environmental cues. identified specific, approximately 20 kilobase pair comprising deletion largest PKS gene B that link differences chemical structure types prymnesins. Electron-microscopy flow cytometry confirmed diploidy closely related strains morphology ploidy. Our results provide unprecedented resolution better variability haptophytes. reference-quality will help understand changes microbial face increasing pressures, provides strain-level monitoring invasive future.

Language: Английский

Giant polyketide synthase enzymes in the biosynthesis of giant marine polyether toxins DOI
Timothy Fallon, Vikram V. Shende, Igor H. Wierzbicki

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 385(6709), P. 671 - 678

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Prymnesium parvum are harmful haptophyte algae that cause massive environmental fish kills. Their polyketide polyether toxins, the prymnesins, among largest nonpolymeric compounds in nature and have biosynthetic origins remained enigmatic for more than 40 years. In this work, we report “PKZILLAs,” P. synthase (PKS) genes evaded previous detection. PKZILLA-1 -2 encode giant protein products of 4.7 3.2 megadaltons 140 99 enzyme domains. predicted polyene product matches proposed pre-prymnesin precursor 90-carbon–backbone A-type prymnesins. We further characterize variant PKZILLA-B1, which is responsible shorter B-type analog prymnesin-B1, from RCC3426 thus establish a general model logic. This work expands expectations genetic enzymatic size limits biology.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
From genes to toxins: Profiling Prymnesium parvum during a riverine harmful algal bloom DOI Creative Commons
Demetrio Mora,

Michael P. Schlüsener,

Helmut Fischer

et al.

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 102644 - 102644

Published: May 17, 2024

Blooms of Prymnesium parvum, a unicellular alga globally distributed in marine and brackish environments, frequently result massive fish kills due to the production toxins called prymnesins by this haptophyte. In August 2022, harmful algal bloom (HAB) species occurred lower Oder River (Poland Germany), which caused mass mortalities other organisms. This HAB was linked low discharge mining activities that significant increase salinity. context, we report on molecular detection screening haptophyte its environmental samples clonal cultures derived thereof. Both conventional PCR droplet digital assays reliably detected P. parvum samples. eDNA metabarcoding using V4 region 18S rRNA gene revealed single sequence variant, but failed identify it level. Four established from were unambiguously identified as phylogenetics (near full-length gene) light microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 marker region) placed cultured phylotype within clade containing strains known produce B-type prymnesins. Toxin-screening liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization - time flight spectrometry prymnesins, also extracts filter residues water collected during HAB. Overall, our investigation provides detailed characterization including their River, contributing valuable insights into ecological disaster. addition, assay here will be useful for future monitoring levels or any salt-impacted bodies.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Extracellular vesicles modulate metabolic processes in Prymnesium parvum, the causative species of algal blooms DOI
Arisbe Silva-Núñez, Xinhui Wang, Javier Donoso‐Quezada

et al.

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 377, P. 144302 - 144302

Published: March 15, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Giant polyketide synthase enzymes biosynthesize a giant marine polyether biotoxin DOI Creative Commons
Timothy Fallon, Vikram V. Shende, Igor H. Wierzbicki

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Prymnesium parvum are harmful haptophyte algae that cause massive environmental fish-kills. Their polyketide polyether toxins, the prymnesins, amongst largest nonpolymeric compounds in nature, alongside structurally-related health-impacting "red-tide" toxins whose biosynthetic origins have been an enigma for over 40 years. Here we report 'PKZILLAs', P. synthase (PKS) genes, existence and challenging genomic structure evaded prior detection. PKZILLA-1 -2 encode giant protein products of 4.7 3.2 MDa with 140 99 enzyme domains, exceeding known titin all other PKS systems. predicted polyene product matches proposed pre-prymnesin precursor 90-carbon-backbone A-type prymnesins. This discovery establishes a model system microalgal biosynthesis expands expectations genetic enzymatic size limits biology.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
The haplotype-resolved Prymnesium parvum (type B) microalga genome reveals the genetic basis of its fish-killing toxins DOI Creative Commons
Heiner Kuhl, Jürgen F. H. Strassert, Dora Čertnerová

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(16), P. 3698 - 3706.e4

Published: July 9, 2024

The catastrophic loss of aquatic life in the Central European Oder River 2022, caused by a toxic bloom haptophyte microalga Prymnesium parvum (in wide sense, s.l.), underscores need to improve our understanding genomic basis toxin. Previous morphological, phylogenetic, and studies have revealed cryptic diversity within P. s.l. uncovered three clade-specific (types A, B, C) prymnesin toxins. Here, we used state-of-the-art long-read sequencing assembled first haplotype-resolved diploid genome type B from strain responsible for disaster. Comparative analyses with A genomes genome-size expansion driven repetitive elements B. We also found conserved synteny but divergent evolution several polyketide synthase (PKS) genes, which are known underlie toxin production combination environmental cues. identified an approximately 20-kbp deletion largest PKS gene that link differences chemical structure types prymnesins. Flow cytometry electron microscopy confirmed diploidy closely related strains both ploidy morphology. Our results provide unprecedented resolution better variability haptophytes. reference-quality will enable us understand changes microbial face increasing pressures provides strain-level monitoring invasive future.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Lessons from Extremophiles: Functional Adaptations and Genomic Innovations across the Eukaryotic Tree of Life DOI Creative Commons
Hannah Rappaport, Angela Oliverio

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

From hydrothermal vents, to glaciers, deserts, research in extreme environments has reshaped our understanding of how and where life can persist. Contained within the genomes extremophilic organisms are blueprints for a toolkit tackle multitude challenges survival inhospitable environments. As new sequencing technologies have rapidly developed, so too molecular genomic mechanisms that facilitated success extremophiles. Although eukaryotic extremophiles remain relatively understudied compared bacteria archaea, an increasing number studies begun leverage 'omics tools shed light on harsh conditions. In this perspective paper, we highlight diverse breadth lineages across tree life, from microbes macrobes, collectively reshaping innovations at life's extremes. These not only advancing evolution biological processes but also offering valuable roadmap emerging be applied identify cellular adaptation cope with stressful conditions, including high low temperatures, limited water availability, heavy metal habitats. We patterns organismal discuss few promising directions, investigations into role horizontal gene transfer importance phylogenetic diversity model systems.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The haplotype-resolved Prymnesium parvum (type B) microalga genome reveals the genetic basis of its fish-killing toxins DOI Creative Commons
Heiner Kuhl, Jürgen F. H. Strassert, Dora Čertnerová

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 30, 2024

The catastrophic loss of aquatic life in the Central European Oder River 2022, caused by a toxic bloom haptophyte microalga Prymnesium parvum (in wide sense, s.l.), underscores need to improve our understanding genomic basis toxin. Previous morphological, phylogenetic, and studies have revealed cryptic diversity within P. s.l. uncovered three clade-specific (types A, B, C) prymnesin toxins. Here, we used state-of-the-art long-read sequencing assembled first haplotype-resolved diploid genome type strain responsible for disaster. Comparative analyses with A genomes genome-size expansion driven repetitive elements B. We also found conserved chromosomal synteny but divergent evolution several polyketide synthase (PKS) genes, which are known underlie toxin production combination environmental cues. identified specific, approximately 20 kilobase pair comprising deletion largest PKS gene B that link differences chemical structure types prymnesins. Electron-microscopy flow cytometry confirmed diploidy closely related strains morphology ploidy. Our results provide unprecedented resolution better variability haptophytes. reference-quality will help understand changes microbial face increasing pressures, provides strain-level monitoring invasive future.

Language: Английский

Citations

1