IgA vasculitis update: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and biomarkers

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV), formerly known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is the most common systemic in children, characterized by diverse clinical manifestations with a wide spectrum ranging from isolated cutaneous to involvement. The incidence of IgAV geographically and ethnically variable, prevalence autumn winter, suggesting driving role that genetic environmental factors play disease. Although has certain degree natural remission, it varies widely among individuals. Some patients can suffer severe renal involvement even progress end-stage Its pathogenesis complex not been fully elucidated. formation galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) related immune complexes plays vital promoting occurrence development nephritis. In addition, neutrophil activation stimulated through binding IgA Fc alpha receptor I expressed on its surface, resulting vascular inflammation tissue damage. Starting epidemiological characteristics, this article will review immunological such Gd-IgA1, autoantibodies, circulating complexes, complement system, cellular immunization, contributions IgAV, conclude major biomarkers for IgAV.

Language: Английский

---

From Co-Infections to Autoimmune Disease via Hyperactivated Innate Immunity: COVID-19 Autoimmune Coagulopathies, Autoimmune Myocarditis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 3001 - 3001

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Neutrophilia and the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are two many measures increased inflammation in severe COVID-19 that also accompany its autoimmune complications, including coagulopathies, myocarditis multisystem inflammatory syndrome children (MIS-C). This paper integrates currently disparate innate hyperactivation relates these to SARS-CoV-2 activation immunity. Aggregated data include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) receptors, NOD leucine-rich repeat pyrin-domain-containing (NLRPs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) melanoma-differentiation-associated 5 (MDA-5). mainly activates virus-associated TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, NLRP3, RIG-1 MDA-5. Severe COVID-19, however, is characterized by additional TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, NOD1 NOD2, which primarily responsive bacterial antigens. The patterns Kawasaki disease, or MIS-C, mimic those rather than alone suggesting autoimmunity follows combined SARS-CoV-2-bacterial infections. Viral known synergize produce required support disease pathology. Additional studies demonstrate anti-bacterial antibodies account for autoantigen targets complications.

Language: Английский

---

Viral Infections May Be Associated with Henoch–Schönlein Purpura

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 697 - 697

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Henoch–Schönlein purpura or IgA vasculitis is the most common type of pediatric that may affect adults as well. It classified a small-vessel vasculitis. can cause cutaneous and systemic symptoms with minority patients developing kidney failure. Little known about specific pathophysiology this disorder, except it believed to occur in individuals abnormally glycosylated IgA1. Serum aberrant IgA1 form large antigen–antibody complexes which, due defective clearance, are able deposit small vessels skin, kidney, gut, joints. A variety factors, including infectious agents, drugs, vaccines, have been identified potential triggers. The majority cases preceded by upper respiratory tract infections, seasonal variations suggest link many pathogens. etiologic agent frequently associated historically group β-hemolytic streptococcus viruses. However, during current coronavirus pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infection was main trigger factor. In addition, has observed following COVID-19 immunization. This review provides insights into state art on relationship between viral purpura.

Language: Английский

---

Cutaneous vasculitis and vasculopathy in the era of COVID-19 pandemic

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 23, 2022

Cutaneous vasculitides encompass a heterogeneous group of clinicopathological entities, which may occur as single-organ vasculitis the skin or present skin-limited variant systemic (i.e., ANCA-associated vasculitis), and are triggered by various factors, including infections, drugs vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged us with variety both disease- vaccine-associated manifestations, vasculitis. Among latter, cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis, previously known leukocytoclastic seems to be most reported in either scenario, i.e., natural infection vaccination. Vasculopathy without true vasculitic changes on histology develops but minority cases, mostly severe/critical patients, appears result endothelial injury due pauci-immune thromboembolic mechanisms. Herein, we provide an overview available literature COVID-19-associated anti-SARS-CoV-2-vaccine-associated Although evidence is limited isolated reports, proportion cases lacking histopathological confirmation, ample overlap pre-pandemic forms shown.

Language: Английский

---

Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases in the Light of COVID-19 Pandemic, A Retrospective Observational Big Data Study.

Journal of Translational Autoimmunity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 100281 - 100281

Published: March 6, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about potential links between SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmune diseases. This study investigated changes in the incidence rate (IR) of diseases among children following pandemic's onset. A retrospective cross-sectional analyzed data from Clalit Health Services, Israel's largest healthcare provider, examining IR different aged 0-18. compared pre-pandemic (2019) with pandemic/post-pandemic periods (2020-2023), encompassing a cohort over 1.5 million children. Significant increases were observed across multiple Rheumatic (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Henoch Schoenlein Purpura (HSP)) showed consistent increases, HSP demonstrating most pronounced trend. Endocrine disorders exhibited diverse patterns, thyroid Type 1 diabetes showing overall while diabetic ketoacidosis an initial spike followed by decline. Gastrointestinal displayed heterogeneous patterns; Celiac disease Ulcerative colitis general Crohn's downward trend, hepatitis significant decrease increase. Dermatological conditions, including Psoriasis Vitiligo, demonstrated elevations throughout 2020-2023. Immune Thrombocytopenia decreases 2022-2023. comprehensive analysis reveals pediatric pandemic, suggesting associations dysregulation. patterns conditions highlight complex interplay viral autoimmunity, emphasizing need for continued surveillance investigation long-term immunological consequences populations.

Language: Английский

---

The past 25 years in paediatric rheumatology: insights from monogenic diseases

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 585 - 593

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Classification and epidemiology of vasculitis: Emerging concepts

Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 101845 - 101845

Published: March 1, 2023

The recent publication of the American College Rheumatology (ACR)-European Alliance Associations for (EULAR) classification criteria large vessel vasculitis and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAVs) has provided modern these conditions, which incorporate contemporary methods investigation diagnosis. Further validation is required in independent cohorts, especially from populations that were not well represented development cohort. Studies occurrence report Takayasu arteritis a rare disease most populations, giant cell common older populations. incidence AAV appears to have plateaued, but prevalence increasing as result lower mortality. new may affect reported prevalence, studies will be needed confirm this. impact COVID-19 on completely known, there evidence reduced Kawasaki IgA-associated following lockdowns with transmission possible trigger infectious agents.

Language: Английский

---

The Characteristics of Patients With COVID‐19–Associated Pediatric Vasculitis: An International, Multicenter Study

Arthritis & Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 75(4), P. 499 - 506

Published: Dec. 2, 2022

COVID-19-associated pediatric vasculitis, other than Kawasaki disease (KD)-like vasculitis in multisystem inflammatory syndrome children (MIS-C), is very rare. This study sought to analyze the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes patients with (excluding KD-like MIS-C).The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age <18 years at onset; 2) evidence of vasculitis; 3) SARS-CoV-2 exposure; 4) ≤3 months between exposure onset. Patients MIS-C excluded. The features subset our cohort who had IgA vasculitis/Henoch Schönlein purpura (IgAV/HSP) compared against a pre-pandemic IgAV/HSP patients.Forty-one (median 8.3 years; male female ratio 1.3) included from 14 centers 6 countries. most frequent subtype was (n = 30). median duration onset 13 days. Involvement skin (92.7%) gastrointestinal system (61%) common manifestations vasculitis. Most (68.3%) received glucocorticoids, 14.6% also additional immunosuppressive drugs. Remission achieved all patients. All manifestations, while 18 (60%) involvement (43.3%) renal involvement. When we this 30 those 159), clinical characteristics fever more (fever, 30% versus 5%, respectively [P < 0.001]; involvement, 43.3% 17.6%, 0.002]). Recovery without treatment complete recovery each less among (recovery 10% 39%, 0.002]; recovery, 86.7% 99.4%, 0.002]).This largest MIS-C) studied date. Our findings suggest that experience severe course before pandemic.

Language: Английский

---

Effect and mechanism of quercetin or quercetin‐containing formulas against COVID‐19: From bench to bedside

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(6), P. 2597 - 2618

Published: March 13, 2024

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has caused the global disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic since 2019. Immunopathogenesis and thromboembolic events are central to its pathogenesis. Quercetin exhibits several beneficial activities against COVID‐19, including antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, antithrombotic effects. Although reviews have been published, these incomplete from viewpoint of translational medicine. The authors comprehensively evaluated evidence quercetin both basically clinically, apply and/or derivatives in future. searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases without any restrictions. search terms included SARS‐CoV‐2, quercetin, thrombosis, embolism, oxidative, microbiota. references relevant articles were also reviewed. All independently screened reviewed quality each manuscript. Risk Bias Tool, version (RoB 2) was used assess randomized controlled trials (RCTs). selected studies discussed monthly. effectiveness COVID‐19 is not solid due methodological flaws clinical trials. High‐quality required for quercetin‐containing traditional Chinese medicines. low bioavailability highly variable pharmacokinetics hinder applications. Its positive impact on immunomodulation through reverting dysbiosis gut microbiota still lacks robust evidence. does tough Strategies improve develop effective needed. Well‐designed RCTs crucial confirm their

Language: Английский

---

IgA Vasculitis Associated With COVID-19

Cureus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 8, 2023

IgA vasculitis, also known as Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP), is an inflammatory disorder of small blood vessels that can present with palpable purpura, arthralgias, abdominal pain, and kidney disease. It most commonly found in pediatric patients after inciting infection but has been seen across all ages associated certain drugs vaccines. COVID-19 various cutaneous manifestations, HSP a rarely reported one. We case 21-year-old female presenting petechial rash to be seronegative vasculitis concurrently dyspnea secondary COVID-19. She was initially by outside practitioner, tested negative for COVID, prescribed course oral prednisone. Shortly thereafter, she visited the ED worsening shortness breath positive COVID-19, which received Paxlovid. Biopsy visit dermatologist confirmed intramural deposition on immunofluorescence, tapered off prednisone started azathioprine.

Language: Английский

---