A Bidirectional Brain-Fat Body Axis for Pathogen Avoidance DOI Creative Commons
Yujie Wang,

Kokoro Saito,

Hiromu Tanimoto

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 3, 2024

Abstract Ingesting pathogens through spoiled food can cause serious harm, including infections, tissue damage, and even death. To prevent these outcomes, many animals have evolved behaviors to avoid consuming harmful pathogens. While pathogen avoidance behavior is conserved across species, the mechanisms linking immune responses of body with neuron-controlled remain unclear. Building on our previous findings, we here present a new bidirectional body-brain communication between fat nervous system that drives receptor-induced behavior. We show receptor signaling specific antimicrobial peptide (AMP) are essential in both octopaminergic neuromodulatory neurons for rapidly reducing intake after initial ingestion. Mechanistically, innervate fly’s where they trigger calcium response octopamine receptor. This signal prompts release dopamine. In turn, Dop1R1 output mushroom body, insect higher brain center, avoidance. Together, data suggest ingested detected by receptors neurons, which, synaptic connections, dopamine AMPs from cells. combat pathogens, reduces further ingestion inducing behavioral changes. mechanism demonstrates efficient brain, coordinating survival systemic brain.

Language: Английский

Unraveling the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Insects DOI Open Access
Sylwia Stączek, Małgorzata Cytryńska, Agnieszka Zdybicka‐Barabas

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5753 - 5753

Published: March 17, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, mainly positively charged, amphipathic molecules. AMPs important effectors of the immune response in insects with a broad spectrum antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activity. In addition to these well-known roles, exhibit many other, often unobvious, functions host. They support elimination viral infections. participate regulation brain-controlled processes, e.g., sleep non-associative learning. By influencing neuronal health, communication, activity, they can affect functioning insect nervous system. Expansion AMP repertoire loss their specificity is connected aging process lifespan insects. Moreover, take part maintaining gut homeostasis, regulating number endosymbionts as well reducing foreign microbiota. turn, presence venom prevents spread infection social insects, where prey may be source pathogens.

Language: Английский

Citations

64
Insect-pathogen crosstalk and the cellular-molecular mechanisms of insect immunity: uncovering the underlying signaling pathways and immune regulatory function of non-coding RNAs DOI Creative Commons
Deepak Kumar Mahanta,

Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi,

J. Komal

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Multicellular organisms are constantly subjected to pathogens that might be harmful. Although insects lack an adaptive immune system, they possess highly effective anti-infective mechanisms. Bacterial phagocytosis and parasite encapsulation some forms of cellular responses. Insects often defend themselves against infections through a humoral response. This phenomenon includes the secretion antimicrobial peptides into hemolymph. Specific receptors for detecting infection required recognition foreign such as proteins recognize glucans peptidoglycans, together referred PGRPs βGRPs. Activation these leads stimulation signaling pathways which further activates genes encoding peptides. Some instances JAK-STAT, Imd, Toll. The host response frequently accompanies has, however, been circumvented by diseases, may have assisted evolve their own complicated systems. role ncRNAs in insect immunology has discussed several notable studies reviews. paper examines most recent research on regulatory function during insect-pathogen crosstalk, including insect- pathogen-encoded miRNAs lncRNAs, provides overview important effector mechanisms activated diverse pathogen invaders.

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Steroid hormone regulation of innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster DOI Creative Commons
Scott A. Keith

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. e1010782 - e1010782

Published: June 15, 2023

Endocrine signaling networks control diverse biological processes and life history traits across metazoans. In both invertebrate vertebrate taxa, steroid hormones regulate immune system function in response to intrinsic environmental stimuli, such as microbial infection. The mechanisms of this endocrine-immune regulation are complex constitute an ongoing research endeavor facilitated by genetically tractable animal models. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is the major hormone arthropods, primarily studied for its essential role mediating developmental transitions metamorphosis; 20E also modulates innate immunity a variety insect taxa. This review provides overview our current understanding 20E-mediated responses. prevalence correlations between 20E-driven activation summarized range holometabolous insects. Subsequent discussion focuses on studies conducted using extensive genetic resources available Drosophila that have begun reveal underlying contexts development bacterial Lastly, I propose directions future into will advance knowledge how interactive endocrine coordinate animals' physiological responses microbes.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
High sugar diets can increase susceptibility to bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster DOI Creative Commons
Andrea M. Darby,

Destiny O. Okoro,

Sophia Aredas

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. e1012447 - e1012447

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Overnutrition with dietary sugar can worsen infection outcomes in diverse organisms including insects and humans, through generally unknown mechanisms. In the present study, we show that adult Drosophila melanogaster fed high-sugar diets became more susceptible to by Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri Serratia marcescens . We found P S proliferate rapidly D a diet, resulting increased probability of host death. become hyperglycemic on find evidence extra carbon availability may promote growth within host. However, no directly supports greater growth. both fully induce transcription antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes response infection, but provided reduced production AMP protein. Thus, overnutrition impair immunity at level translation. Our results demonstrate shape dynamics impacting pathogen, depending nutritional requirements pathogen altering physiological capacity sustain an immune response.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Chronic bacterial infections exert metabolic costs in Drosophila melanogaster DOI
Andrea M. Darby, Scott A. Keith,

Ananda Kalukin

et al.

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 228(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Bacterial infections can substantially impact host metabolic health as a result of the direct and indirect demands sustaining an immune response nutrient piracy by pathogen itself. Drosophila melanogaster other insects that survive sublethal bacterial infection often carry substantial burdens for remainder life. In this study, we asked whether these chronic exact costs host, how scale with severity infection. We infected D. four species (Providencia rettgeri, Serratia marcescens, Enterococcus faecalis Lactococcus lactis) assayed traits in chronically survivors. found carrying were uniformly more susceptible to starvation than uninfected controls, sensitivity escalated higher burden. observed some evidence greater depletion triglyceride glycogen stores loads, although varied among species. Chronically flies exhibit sustained upregulation response, which hypothesized might contribute costs. Consistent prediction, genetic activation major innate signaling pathways depleted increased even absence These results demonstrate have fitness consequences hosts, arising part from pathogen-induced activation, quantitatively

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Transcriptomic Characterization of miRNAs in Apis cerana Larvae Responding to Ascosphaera apis Infection DOI Open Access
Yuxuan Song, Jianfeng Qiu, Jing Kang

et al.

Genes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 156 - 156

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Ascosphaera apis is a fungal pathogen that specifically infects bee larvae, causing an outbreak of chalkbrood disease in the colony and decline number colonies. The role miRNA regulation honeybees response to A. infection unclear. In this study, based on small RNA-seq, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) their regulatory networks functions gut Apis cerana first day (AcT1), second (AcT2) third (AcT3) after infection, analyzed immune mechanism through miRNAs-mRNA network infection. A total 537 were obtained, 10, 27, 54 DEmiRNAs screened AcT1, AcT2, AcT3 groups, respectively. gradually increased with time. Stem-loop RT-PCR results showed most truly expressed, expression trend was consistent sRNA-seq. top five GO terms DEmiRNA-targeted mRNA binding, cellular process, catalytic activity, metabolic single-organism process. main pathways enriched by KEGG endocytosis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, phagosome, JAK-STAT immune-related signaling pathways. target mRNAs these related pathway genes miRNA-mRNA analysis ace-miR-539-y core early larvae infected ace-miR-1277-x late phagosome. participated regulating host’s energy metabolism, immunity, humoral immunity. study provide basis for c. new insights into host-pathogen interactions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Links between nutrition, immunity and infection DOI
Fleur Ponton

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A G-protein coupled receptor is involved in the DUOX pathway in Tribolium castaneum DOI

Anna Christina Böhringer,

Caroline Sievers,

Maximilian Burghaus

et al.

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 104306 - 104306

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Glycolytic disruption restricts Drosophila melanogaster larval growth via the cytokine Upd3 DOI Creative Commons
Madhulika Rai, Hongde Li, Robert A. Policastro

et al.

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. e1011690 - e1011690

Published: May 2, 2025

Drosophila larval growth requires efficient conversion of dietary nutrients into biomass. Lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) and glycerol-3-phosphate (Gpdh1) support this metabolic program by cooperatively promoting glycolytic flux. Consistent with their cooperative functions, the loss both enzymes, but not either single enzyme alone, induces a developmental arrest. However, Ldh Gpdh1 exhibit complex often mutually exclusive expression patterns, suggesting that lethal phenotypes exhibited Gpdh1; double mutants could be mediated non-autonomously. Supporting possibility, we find arrest displayed extends beyond simple disruption instead stems, in part, from changes systemic factor signaling. Specifically, demonstrate simultaneous results elevated Upd3, cytokine involved Jak/Stat Furthermore, show upd3 loss-of-function mutations suppress phenotype, indicating Upd3 signaling restricts development response to decreased Together, our findings reveal mechanism which disruptions can modulate

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The susceptibility of Hyphantria cunea larvae to microbial pesticides Bacillus thuringiensis and Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus under Cd stress DOI
Jinsheng Xu, Zheng Lin,

Mingtao Tan

et al.

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 191, P. 105383 - 105383

Published: March 7, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

10