Algae-derived bioactive compounds as potential pharmaceuticals for cancer therapy: A comprehensive review

Algal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78, P. 103396 - 103396

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Cancer is considered a pandemic, costing precious lives throughout the globe. Besides its deadly outcomes, survival rate after cancer therapies meager. Anti-cancer drug resistance and cytotoxicity are leading causes of poor prognosis anticancer treatments. Though advancements in genetic engineering, nanotechnology, bioinformatics revolutionized discovery development, importance natural compounds for development indispensable. Algae reservoirs distinctive chemical entities offer promising line research. Chemotherapy has been beneficial up to now, but it also comes with quite undesirable side effects. algae-derived products an area that revolutionizing itself as these less poisonous, quicker, cheaper, safer, more environmentally friendly than traditional treatment approaches. Complementary alternative extracted from marine or freshwater flora, particularly prokaryotic eukaryotic algae, have studied their pharmaceutical potential. However, application nutraceuticals still infancy. Algae, autotrophic organism, most untapped richest source compounds. Through this comprehensive review, efforts made draw attention recent significant achievements algae-based therapeutics target nuclear cellular components. Additionally, challenges solutions discussed detail.

Language: Английский

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies (IgG) in the Community of Rawalpindi

Livers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 108 - 115

Published: July 27, 2022

Knowledge regarding the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in general population can indicate public health and personal hygiene practices a community. HEV spreads through fecal-oral route contaminates drinking water sewage. Moreover, poverty also contributes to its developing countries, including Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 650 blood samples taken from suspected patients Rawalpindi cantonment area (Pakistan) April November 2019 at Department Virology, Armed Forces Institute Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, Out them, 444 (68.15%) were male 206 (31.85%) female; detection anti-HEV IgG antibodies carried out using commercial Anti-Hepatitis antibody (IgG) ELISA Kit. The overall percentages 19.23% 4.77% males females, respectively. Patients categorized into eight groups with ages ranging between 1 90 years. seroprevalence highest 31–40 (6.46%). concluded that aged 40 or above susceptible infected E.

Language: Английский

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Choroidal Thickness in Different Patterns of Diabetic Macular Edema

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(20), P. 6169 - 6169

Published: Oct. 19, 2022

This observational study investigated the changes in choroidal thickness (ChT) different patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME) based on image processing using enhanced-depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-SD-OCT). Participants with ocular conditions affecting fundus view, including retinal diseases, were excluded. After observing patient's medical record, multicolor photos, maps, and subtypes DME diagnosed according to criteria reported by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Edema was classified as focal or diffuse subdivided into cystic (CME), CME subretinal fluid (CME+), spongy (SME). Image performed B-scan images from SD-OCT segment choroid layer obtain thickness. A total 159 eyes 81 patients (46 males 35 females; 57.53 ± 9.78 years age), 57 30 healthy individuals (age 57.34 8.76 years) enrolled this study. Out eyes, 76 had (FME), 13 exhibited SME, 51 presented CME. Among those edema, 19 showed (CME+). The average FME, CME, CME+ 216.95 52.94 µm, 243.00 46.34 221.38 60.78 249.63 53.90 respectively. age-matched controls 213.88 45.60 µm. Choroidal increases severity edema; higher than FME. However, increased

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and Trends in Hepatitis B & C Virus among Blood Donors in Pakistan: A Regional Transfusion Center Study

Livers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 271 - 281

Published: May 17, 2023

Around 118.5 million blood donations are collected annually to save precious lives. The donated may also be associated with blood-borne infections. With around 247 population, Pakistan is an endemic country for viral hepatitis, and there a high risk of having asymptomatic donors among healthy donors. Viral hepatitis 2.5% prevalent in the general donation its screening have become grave health concerns Pakistani authorities. Asymptomatic needs rule out subliminally diseased individuals, as recommended by World Health Organization. Knowing prevalence transfusion transmissible infectious (TTIs) agents helps assess disease burden any boosts treatment rates, precludes dreaded complications affected people. objective current study was determine trends significant TTIs visiting Armed Forces Institute Transfusion (AFIT), Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A total 15,405 were screened HBV, HCV, HIV, malaria, syphilis during this cross-sectional descriptive study. Most had O-positive group; AB-negative only 0.7%. Out we reported 1.06% 0.54% 0.19% 0.31% syphilis-positive However, no donor found positive malaria. Punjab province most burdened TTIs, youngsters aged 18–27 years mainly positive, indicating need conduct national-level awareness campaigns about TTIs. stakeholders strengthen collection guidelines, effective performance should strictly monitored through internal external audits considering aim reaching non-infectious products.

Language: Английский

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Organ-on-Chip: Advancing Nutraceutical Testing for Improved Health Outcomes

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(35), P. 31632 - 31647

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

The recent global wave of organic food consumption and the vitality nutraceuticals for human health benefits has driven need applying scientific methods phytochemical testing. Advanced in vitro models with greater physiological relevance than conventional are required to evaluate potential toxicity nutraceuticals. Organ-on-chip (OOC) have emerged as a promising alternative traditional animal testing due their ability mimic organ pathophysiology. Numerous studies demonstrated effectiveness OOC identifying pharmaceutically relevant compounds accurately assessing compound-induced toxicity. This review examines utility nutraceutical discusses technology preclinical tool examine biomedical by reducing Exploring capabilities carrying out plant-based bioactive can significantly contribute authentication drug discovery validate phytochemicals medicinal characteristics. Overall, facilitate more systematic efficient assessment while overcoming limitations current models.

Language: Английский

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Focused Ultrasound, an Emerging Tool for Atherosclerosis Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 1783 - 1783

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a promising noninvasive therapeutic modality for treating atherosclerotic arterial disease. High-intensity focused (HIFU), and precise that generates high temperatures at specific target sites within tissues, shown results in reducing plaque burden improving vascular function. While low-intensity (LIFU) operates lower energy levels, promoting mild hyperthermia stimulating tissue repair processes. This review article provides an overview of the current state HIFU LIFU atherosclerosis. It focuses primarily on potential due to its higher penetration ability achieve atheroma disruption. The summarizes findings from animal models human trials, covering effects FUS wall thrombolysis carotid, coronary peripheral arteries. also highlights benefits ultrasound, including noninvasiveness, targeting, real-time monitoring capabilities, making it attractive approach treatment atherosclerosis emphasizes need further investigations optimize parameters advance clinical application managing

Language: Английский

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Comparison Of Rapid Antigen Test With RT-PCR For COVID-19 Diagnosis: Performance And Limitation

Russian Open Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: June 28, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted healthcare systems worldwide, necessitating the development of rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. study aimed to compare performance a Rapid Antigen Test (RAK) with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for diagnosis, considering its global usage, promising data, convenience using saliva samples. Methods — A cross-sectional, single-blinded was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, 7,580 samples collected between May 2021 June 2022. Three hundred twenty were tested RAK RT-PCR logistic regression analysis look at sensitivity, specificity, accuracy whether there link results cycle threshold values. Results Overall, demonstrated 67% sensitivity 75% specificity. Likelihood ratios 2.71 (positive) 0.43 (negative). disease prevalence 70.00%. PPV NPV 86.36% 50.00%, respectively. Logistic showed significant association CT values (odds ratio=6.333). Kit varied by viral load: 100% CT≤20, 63% 21-25, 22% CT>26. Conclusion This would provide an insight work efficiency commercially used antigen based screening kit.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital: Implications for Clinical Management and Public Health

BioScientific Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 106 - 121

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Background. Diarrheal diseases, exacerbated by limited access to clean water, remain a significant global health concern. Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Escherichia coli (E. coli), are their prevalent causative agents. The emergence of antibiotic resistance poses grave public threat, with extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases contributing significantly. This study aimed identify the antibiogram patterns virulence genes in E. isolates obtained from patients tertiary care hospital. Method. A cross-sectional involving 395 clinical samples hospital Lahore was conducted over period six months. isolation characterization bacterial strains were performed using culture-based, biochemical, morphological assessments. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) carried out Kirby-Bauer (KB) disk diffusion method. DNA extraction molecular identification through PCR. Statistical analysis Excel SPSS. Results. Of samples, found be most (47.6%), followed Klebsiella spp. (43.3%). AST revealed high cefuroxime (85%) ciprofloxacin (80%). Molecular identified traT being (37.2%), fimH aer (28.7%). Notably, sfa, papA, hly, cnf undetected. Conclusion. results showed prevalence factors rates necessitate vigilant antimicrobial stewardship. presence specific emphasizes potential pathogenicity these isolates, underscoring importance effective infection control measures.

Language: Английский

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Examining Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: A Case Study on Diagnosis and Outcomes

Emergency Care and Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 454 - 460

Published: Dec. 21, 2024

Background: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is an infectious disease of the renal system caused by gas-producing microorganisms harboring kidneys. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), endocrine hyperglycemia, are particularly susceptible to EPN as their immune compromised in fighting against infections. Case Description: We present a case 50-year-old female history chronic and persistent hypertension. She presented symptoms pyrexia flank pain. Following findings from ultrasound, she was advised undergo computed tomographic (CT) scans that reveal air-filled hypodense areas at upper mid pole right kidney pelvis ureter, which confirms class I patient. Urine culture identifies Escherica coli causative agent for EPN. The patient managed third-generation antibiotics over two weeks, leading full recovery without surgical intervention. Discussion: availability CT imaging makes early diagnosis reduces mortality associated Conservative medical management should be initial treatment strategy However, severe cases require immediate therapeutic action. In our case, treated antibiotic therapy recovered. Conclusions: scan seems optimal patients acute emphysematous pyelonephritis. respond well excellent outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Variation in Hyperbilirubinemia Levels of Male and Female Newborns in Physiological Jaundice: A Retrospective Study

BioScientific Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 1 - 12

Published: Oct. 13, 2023

Physiological jaundice is the most common condition that requires medical attention and hospital readmission of neonates. About 60% term 80% preterm babies develop in first week life. Furthermore, about 10% breastfed stay with until age 1 month. In current study, a total 139 neonates were evaluated for physiological which 89 (64%) male 50 (36%) female Blood samples collected under aseptic conditions. All performed on Roche/Hitachi COBASc, based spectrophotometric technique. The mean SD (15.867±5.57) was calculated total, direct, indirect bilirubin who divided into 3 groups number days, is, 1-2, 3-5, 6-22 respectively. For group ±SD 13.80±5.41 males, whereas it ±10.40 females, while p-value < 0.01 significant. Hyperbilirubinemia associated due to higher mass red blood cells. It found significantly increased 1st 5th day life after birth being more vulnerable pathological as compared

Language: Английский

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