Water and Environment Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
Abstract
Microextraction
methods
such
as
hollow
fibre‐liquid
phase
microextraction
(HF‐LPME),
dispersive
liquid–liquid
(DLLME),
single‐drop
(SDME)
and
ultrasound‐assisted
emulsification
(USAEME)
have
become
prominent
for
analysing
pharmaceuticals
in
wastewater.
HF‐LPME,
particularly
the
three‐phase
system,
excels
extracting
pollutants
with
high
efficiency.
SDME,
especially
direct
immersion
(DI)
variant,
is
effective
moderately
polar
non‐polar
compounds.
DLLME
uses
an
immiscible
dispersion
extraction
solvent
to
separate
analytes,
while
USAEME
enhances
using
ultrasonic
waves.
Recent
research
trends
focus
on
incorporating
ionic
liquids
deep
eutectic
solvents
improve
performance.
These
miniaturized
techniques
offer
selectivity,
efficient
sample
clean‐up
significant
enrichment
factors,
making
them
superior
traditional
like
extraction.
Future
developments
are
expected
further
refine
these
even
better
performance
pharmaceutical
analysis.
Complex‐Green
Analytical
Procedure
Index
(GAPI)
also
used
assess
environmentally
friendliness
of
methodological
approaches.
Separation Science Plus,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
7(6)
Published: March 3, 2024
Abstract
Solvent
microextraction
(SME)
is
designed
to
selectively
isolate
desired
analytes
while
minimizing
the
presence
of
interfering
substances
in
extracted
sample.
There
are
different
approaches
from
which
single‐drop
(SDME)
can
be
amalgamated
with
various
analytical
methods
enhance
its
functionalities
and
improve
analysis
compounds
like
gas
chromatography,
liquid
chromatography
amplify
sensitivity,
selectivity,
capacity
detect
trace
amounts
complex
matrices.
The
review
focuses
on
intricacies
solid‐phase
elucidates
operational
principles.
Additionally,
it
explores
types
SDMEs,
detailing
their
respective
benefits,
drawbacks,
potential
applications
future.
A
typical
explanation
construction
working
hollow
fiber‐liquid
phase
as
well
has
been
discussed.
SMEs
medical
biomedical
fields
food
environmental
purification
water,
organic
pollutants,
drug
analysis,
screening
new
drugs
have
discussed
also
illustrated
tabular
form.
pros
cons
both
techniques
given
a
manner
broad
comparison
between
advanced
SME
provides
direction
for
monitoring,
safety,
refining
impurities
water
samples.
comprehensive
overview
current
progress,
recent
obstacles,
future
possibilities
an
appropriate
manner.
Despite
numerous
promising
advancements,
utilization
remains
challenging
field.
