Molecular Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
49, P. 101218 - 101218
Published: March 23, 2021
Arcuate
nucleus
neuropeptide
Y/agouti-related
peptide
(NPY/AgRP)
neurons
drive
ingestive
behavior.
The
M-current,
a
subthreshold
non-inactivating
potassium
current,
plays
critical
role
in
regulating
NPY/AgRP
neuronal
excitability.
Fasting
decreases
while
17β-estradiol
increases
the
M-current
by
mRNA
expression
of
Kcnq2,
3,
and
5
(Kv7.2,
5)
channel
subunits.
Incorporating
KCNQ3
into
heteromeric
channels
has
been
considered
essential
to
generate
robust
M-current.
Therefore,
we
investigated
behavioral
physiological
effects
selective
Kcnq3
deletion
from
neurons.
We
used
single
adeno-associated
viral
vector
containing
recombinase-dependent
Staphylococcus
aureus
Cas9
with
single-guide
RNA
selectively
delete
Single-cell
quantitative
measurements
whole-cell
patch
clamp
experiments
were
conducted
validate
knockdown.
Body
weight,
food
intake,
locomotor
activity
measured
male
mice
assess
disruptions
energy
balance.
virus
reduced
without
affecting
Kcnq2
or
Kcnq5.
was
attenuated,
causing
be
more
depolarized,
exhibit
higher
input
resistance,
require
less
depolarizing
current
fire
action
potentials,
indicative
increased
Although
resulting
decrease
did
not
overtly
alter
behavior,
it
significantly
as
open-field
testing.
Control
on
high-fat
diet
exhibited
an
enhanced
expression,
but
remained
attenuated
knockdown
animals.
modulating
intrinsic
excitability
that
is
for
maintaining
homeostasis.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
27(8), P. 3119 - 3128
Published: May 18, 2022
Abstract
How
does
cognition
regulate
innate
behaviors?
While
the
cognitive
functions
of
cortex
have
been
extensively
studied,
we
know
much
less
about
how
can
motivated
behaviors
to
fulfill
physiological,
safety
and
social
needs.
Selection
appropriate
depends
on
external
stimuli
past
experiences
that
helps
scale
priorities.
With
its
abundant
inputs
from
neocortical
allocortical
regions,
lateral
septum
(LS)
is
ideally
positioned
integrate
perception
experience
signals
in
order
activity
hypothalamic
midbrain
nuclei
control
behaviors.
In
addition,
LS
receives
numerous
subcortical
modulatory
inputs,
which
represent
animal
internal
states
also
participate
this
regulation.
perspective,
argue
sub-circuits
distinct
by
integrating
neural
neocortical,
neuromodulatory
inputs.
propose
inhibition
between
may
allow
emergence
functional
units
orchestrates
competing
FEBS Journal,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
289(8), P. 2362 - 2381
Published: Sept. 1, 2021
Neurons
in
the
hypothalamic
arcuate
nucleus
(ARC)
that
express
agouti‐related
peptide
(AgRP)
govern
a
critical
aspect
of
survival:
drive
to
eat.
Equally
important
survival
is
timing
at
which
food
consumed—seeking
or
eating
alleviate
hunger
face
more
pressing
threat,
like
risk
predation,
clearly
maladaptive.
To
ensure
optimal
prioritization
behaviors
within
given
environment,
therefore,
AgRP
neurons
must
integrate
signals
internal
need
states
with
contextual
environmental
cues.
In
this
state‐of‐the‐art
review,
we
highlight
recent
advances
extend
our
understanding
neurons,
including
neural
circuits
they
engage
regulate
feeding,
energy
expenditure,
and
behavior.
We
also
discuss
key
findings
illustrate
how
both
classical
feedback
anticipatory
feedforward
neuronal
population
integration
these
may
be
disrupted
excess.
Finally,
examine
technical
conceptual
challenges
facing
field
moving
forward.
Current Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
31(19), P. 4231 - 4245.e4
Published: Aug. 5, 2021
Animals
must
express
the
appropriate
behavior
that
meets
their
most
pressing
physiological
needs
and
environmental
context.
However,
it
is
currently
unclear
how
alternative
behavioral
options
are
evaluated
actions
prioritized.
Here,
we
describe
fruit
flies
choose
between
feeding
courtship;
two
behaviors
necessary
for
survival
reproduction.
We
show
sex-
food-deprived
male
prioritize
over
courtship
initiation,
manipulation
of
food
quality
or
animal's
internal
state
fine-tunes
this
decision.
identify
tyramine
signaling
pathway
as
an
essential
mediator
Tyramine
biosynthesis
regulated
by
fly's
nutritional
acts
a
satiety
signal,
favoring
feeding.
inhibits
subset
feeding-promoting
receptor
(TyrR)-expressing
neurons
activates
P1
neurons,
known
command
center
courtship.
Conversely,
perception
nutritious
source
TyrR
neurons.
Therefore,
oppositely
modulated
starvation,
via
levels,
availability.
propose
antagonistic
co-regulation
controlling
key
to
prioritizing
competing
drives
in
context-
dependent
manner.
International Journal of Intelligent Systems,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
37(1), P. 52 - 104
Published: Sept. 13, 2021
The
search
for
food
stimulated
by
hunger
is
a
common
phenomenon
in
the
animal
world.
Mimicking
concept,
recently,
an
optimization
algorithm
Hunger
Games
Search
(HGS)
has
been
proposed
global
optimization.
On
other
side,
Whale
Optimization
Algorithm
(WOA)
commonly
utilized
nature-inspired
portrayed
straightforward
construction
with
easy
parameters
imitating
hunting
behavior
of
humpback
whales.
However,
due
to
minimum
exploration
space,
WOA
high
chance
trapping
into
local
solutions,
and
more
exploitation
leads
it
towards
premature
convergence.
concept
from
HGS
merged
searching
techniques
whale
lessen
inherent
drawbacks
WOA.
Two
weights
are
adaptively
designed
every
using
respective
level
balancing
strategies.
Performance
verification
search-based
(HSWOA)
done
comparing
10
state-of-the-art
algorithms,
including
three
very
recently
developed
algorithms
on
30
classical
benchmark
functions.
Comparison
some
basic
modified
variants
performed
IEEE
CEC
2019
function
set.
Statistical
performance
verified
Friedman's
test,
boxplot
analysis,
Nemenyi
multiple
comparison
test.
operating
speed
determined
tested
complexity
analysis
convergence
analysis.
Finally,
seven
real-world
engineering
problems
solved
compared
list
metaheuristic
algorithms.
Numerical
statistical
confirms
efficacy
newly
algorithm.
