Hemato,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(4), P. 459 - 489
Published: Dec. 11, 2024
Hereditary
hemochromatosis
(HH)
related
to
HFE-gene
mutations
is
a
well-known
condition,
yet
its
understanding
remains
complex.
The
BIOIRON
classification
emphasizes
that
only
homozygosity
for
the
C282Y
mutation
should
be
considered
pathogenic.
penetrance
of
HFE-related
HH
highly
variable.
Symptoms
are
often
challenging
recognize
at
time
presentation,
and
systemic
involvement
may
overlap
with
other
diseases.
Hyperferritinemia
elevated
transferrin
saturation
levels
still
milestones
in
diagnosis,
but
they
also
common
findings
many
clinical
conditions.
Furthermore,
current
diagnostic
therapeutic
guidelines
not
always
unequivocal
defining
patients’
characteristics,
as
well
treatment
management
goals.
Our
work
provides
concise
overview
latest
evidence
regarding
pathogenic
mechanisms,
picture,
differential
diagnosis
tools.
Alongside
this,
it
summarizes
compares
main
recommendations
from
principal
issued
by
2017
Hemochromatosis
International
Meeting,
American
College
Gastroenterology,
European
Association
Study
Liver,
Molecular
Genetics
Quality
Network,
DUTCH
guidelines,
British
Society
Haematology.
Summarizing
tables
quick
consultation
provided.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
171, P. 116112 - 116112
Published: Jan. 2, 2024
Ferroptosis
is
a
newly
identified
form
of
non-apoptotic
programmed
cell
death,
characterized
by
the
iron-dependent
accumulation
lethal
lipid
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
and
peroxidation
membrane
polyunsaturated
fatty
acid
phospholipids
(PUFA-PLs).
unique
among
other
death
modalities
in
many
aspects.
It
initiated
excessive
oxidative
damage
due
to
iron
overload
compromised
antioxidant
defense
systems,
including
system
Xc-/
glutathione
(GSH)/glutathione
peroxidase
4
(GPX4)
pathway
GPX4-independent
pathways.
In
past
ten
years,
ferroptosis
was
reported
play
critical
role
pathogenesis
various
cardiovascular
diseases,
e.g.,
atherosclerosis
(AS),
arrhythmia,
heart
failure,
diabetic
cardiomyopathy,
myocardial
ischemia-reperfusion
injury.
Studies
have
dysfunctional
metabolism
abnormal
expression
profiles
ferroptosis-related
factors,
iron,
GSH,
GPX4,
ferroportin
(FPN),
SLC7A11
(xCT),
as
indicators
for
atherogenesis.
Moreover,
plaque
cells,
i.e.,
vascular
endothelial
(VEC),
macrophage,
smooth
muscle
(VSMC),
positively
correlate
with
atherosclerotic
development.
Many
macromolecules,
drugs,
Chinese
herbs,
food
extracts
can
inhibit
atherogenic
process
suppressing
cells.
contrast,
some
inducers
significant
pro-atherogenic
effects.
However,
mechanisms
through
which
affects
progression
AS
still
need
be
well-known.
This
review
summarizes
molecular
their
emerging
AS,
aimed
at
providing
novel,
promising
druggable
targets
anti-AS
therapy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(16), P. 12928 - 12928
Published: Aug. 18, 2023
Iron
is
essential
for
all
organisms
and
cells.
Diseases
of
iron
imbalance
affect
billions
patients,
including
those
with
overload
other
forms
toxicity.
Excess
load
an
adverse
prognostic
factor
diseases
can
cause
serious
organ
damage
fatalities
following
chronic
red
blood
cell
transfusions
in
patients
many
conditions,
hemoglobinopathies,
myelodyspasia,
hematopoietic
stem
transplantation.
Similar
toxicity
excess
body
but
at
a
slower
rate
disease
progression
found
idiopathic
haemochromatosis
patients.
deposition
different
regions
the
brain
suspected
has
been
identified
by
MRI
T2*
similar
methods
neurodegenerative
diseases,
Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
disease.
Based
on
its
role
as
major
biological
catalyst
free
radical
reactions
Fenton
reaction,
also
implicated
associated
pathology
tissue
damage.
Furthermore,
recent
discovery
ferroptosis,
which
death
program
based
generation
membrane
lipid
oxidation,
sparked
thousands
investigations
association
cardiac,
kidney,
liver,
cancer
infections.
The
implications
labile,
non-protein
bound
form
complexes
dietary
molecules
such
vitamin
C
drugs
doxorubicin
xenobiotic
relation
to
carcinogenesis
are
discussed.
In
each
case
toxicity,
mechanistic
insights,
diagnostic
criteria,
molecular
interactions
design
new
effective
therapeutic
interventions
future
targeted
strategies.
particular,
this
approach
successful
treatment
most
loading
conditions
especially
transition
thalassemia
from
fatal
due
protocols
resulting
complete
elimination
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: July 3, 2024
Ferroptosis
is
a
form
of
non-apoptotic
regulated
cell
death
(RCD)
that
depends
on
iron
and
characterized
by
the
accumulation
lipid
peroxides
to
lethal
levels.
involves
multiple
pathways
including
redox
balance,
regulation,
mitochondrial
function,
amino
acid,
lipid,
glycometabolism.
Furthermore,
various
disease-related
signaling
also
play
role
in
regulating
process
oxidation.
In
recent
years,
with
emergence
concept
ferroptosis
in-depth
study
its
mechanisms,
closely
associated
biological
conditions
related
kidney
diseases,
organ
development,
aging,
immunity,
cancer.
This
article
reviews
development
ferroptosis,
mechanisms
(including
GSH-GPX4,
FSP1-CoQ1,
DHODH-CoQ10,
GCH1-BH4,
MBOAT1/2
pathways),
latest
research
progress
involvement
diseases.
It
summarizes
diseases
within
frameworks
metabolism,
reactive
oxygen
biology,
biology.
The
introduces
key
regulatory
factors
as
well
important
concepts
major
open
questions
natural
compounds.
hoped
future
research,
further
breakthroughs
can
be
made
understanding
regulation
mechanism
utilizing
promote
treatments
for
such
acute
injury(AKI),
chronic
disease
(CKD),
diabetic
nephropathy(DN),
renal
carcinoma.
paves
way
new
approach
prevent,
treat
clinical
The FASEB Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(15)
Published: Aug. 2, 2024
Abstract
Atherosclerosis
is
a
leading
cause
of
cardiovascular
diseases
(CVDs),
often
resulting
in
major
adverse
events
(MACEs),
such
as
myocardial
infarction
and
stroke
due
to
the
rupture
or
erosion
vulnerable
plaques.
Ferroptosis,
an
iron‐dependent
form
cell
death,
has
been
implicated
development
atherosclerosis.
Despite
its
involvement
CVDs,
specific
role
ferroptosis
atherosclerotic
plaque
stability
remains
unclear.
In
this
study,
we
confirmed
presence
unstable
plaques
demonstrated
that
inhibitor
ferrostatin‐1
(Fer‐1)
stabilizes
apolipoprotein
E
knockout
(
Apoe
−/−
)
mice.
Using
bioinformatic
analysis
combining
RNA
sequencing
(RNA‐seq)
with
single‐cell
(scRNA‐seq),
identified
Yes‐associated
protein
1
(YAP1)
potential
key
regulator
vascular
smooth
muscle
cells
(VSMCs)
vitro,
found
YAP1
protects
against
oxidized
low‐density
lipoprotein
(oxLDL)‐induced
VSMCs.
Mechanistically,
exerts
anti‐ferroptosis
effects
by
regulating
expression
glutaminase
(GLS1)
promote
synthesis
glutamate
(Glu)
glutathione
(GSH).
These
findings
establish
novel
mechanism
where
inhibition
promotes
stabilization
through
YAP1/GLS1
axis,
attenuating
VSMC
ferroptosis.
Thus,
targeting
axis
suppress
may
represent
strategy
for
preventing
treating
Medicine in Drug Discovery,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22, P. 100189 - 100189
Published: April 5, 2024
Atherosclerosis,
a
highly
prevalent
cardiovascular
disease,
has
significantly
contributed
to
morbidity
and
mortality
worldwide.
Despite
the
availability
of
various
treatment
options
in
clinical
practice,
complete
reversal
atherosclerotic
pathological
process
remains
challenging.
Traditional
anti-arteriosclerosis
drugs
often
suffer
from
poor
solubility,
limited
targeting
ability
obvious
adverse
effects.
Additionally,
novel
therapeutics
such
as
genetic
protein-based
inherently
instability
issues,
thereby
compromising
their
actual
curative
efficacy
impeding
further
application.
Recently,
nanomedicine-based
drug
delivery
strategies
have
emerged
promising
approaches
for
treating
atherosclerosis
due
specifically
transport
target
cells,
microstructures
specific
molecules
within
lesion
sites.
These
advanced
features
enhance
properties
bioavailability
while
minimizing
off-target
Moreover,
numerous
studies
demonstrated
that
nanomedicine
not
only
inhibits
plaque
progression
but
also
reduces
lesional
areas
eventually
reverses
atherosclerosis.
The
utilization
is
considered
an
important
therapeutic
tactic
mitigating
residual
risks
associated
with
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
emerging
targeted
anti-atherosclerosis
drugs,
elucidating
distinct
mechanisms
highlighting
remarkable
combating
critical
challenges
future
perspectives
development
application
are
thoroughly
discussed.
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
88, P. 127611 - 127611
Published: Feb. 3, 2025
Iron
homeostasis
has
a
significant
impact
on
the
phenotypic
transformation
of
macrophages
and
is
implicated
in
various
diseases.
In
this
study,
we
evaluated
effect
cystathionine-gamma-lyase
(CSE)/transsulfuration
pathway
iron-overload
induced
macrophage
phenotype
change.
The
biochemical
parameters,
such
as
qRT-PCR,
western
blot,
fluorescence
staining,
were
assessed
both
vitro
vivo.
overload
disrupts
iron
metabolism
alters
expression
genes
involved
transport,
resulting
polarization
towards
M1
an
alternating
activation
state
M2.
Meanwhile,
excessive
led
to
increase
lipid
peroxidation
levels
disrupted
cysteine
metabolism.
By
utilizing
erastin
inhibit
SLC7A11
activity
block
exogenous
uptake,
able
observe
exacerbation
proinflammatory
under
conditions
deprivation.
CSE/transsulfuration
pathway,
serves
primary
route
for
endogenous
synthesis.
presence
overload,
CSE
was
upregulated
further
enhanced
by
Deletion
CSE-knockout
mice
exacerbated
inflammatory
transition
iron-overloaded
impacting
ferritinophagy.
regulated
change
iron-overload,
which
may
offer
novel
insights
into
potential
therapeutic
strategies
overload-related
disorders.
Nanomaterials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(9), P. 773 - 773
Published: April 28, 2024
Citrate-coated
electrostatically
stabilized
very
small
superparamagnetic
iron
oxide
particles
(VSOPs)
have
been
successfully
tested
as
magnetic
resonance
angiography
(MRA)
contrast
agents
and
are
promising
tools
for
molecular
imaging
of
atherosclerosis.
Their
repeated
use
in
the
background
pre-existing
hyperlipidemia
atherosclerosis
has
not
yet
studied.
This
study
aimed
to
investigate
effect
multiple
intravenous
injections
VSOPs
atherosclerotic
mice.
Taurine-formulated
(VSOP-T)
were
repeatedly
intravenously
injected
at
100
µmol
Fe/kg
apolipoprotein
E-deficient
(ApoE
KO)
mice
with
diet-induced
Angiographic
was
carried
out
by
vivo
MRI.
Magnetic
particle
spectrometry
used
detect
tissue
VSOP
content,
content
quantified
photometrically.
Pathological
changes
organs,
plaque
development,
expression
hepatic
iron-related
proteins
evaluated.
VSOP-T
enabled
angiographic
heart
blood
vessels
a
half-life
one
hour.
Repeated
injection
led
deposition
accumulation
liver
spleen
without
affecting
pathology,
metabolism
proteins,
serum
lipids,
or
lesion
formation.
doses
sufficient
MRA
analyses
had
no
significant
effects
on
burden,
steatohepatitis,
homeostasis
These
findings
underscore
safety
support
its
further
development
agent
tool.
