High Variability of Fungal Communities Associated with the Functional Tissues and Rhizosphere Soil of Picea abies in the Southern Baltics

Forests, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1103 - 1103

Published: July 13, 2022

Climate change, which leads to higher temperatures, droughts, and storms, is expected have a strong effect on both health of forest trees associated biodiversity. The aim this study was investigate the diversity composition fungal communities with functional tissues rhizosphere soil healthy-looking Picea abies better understand these their potential tree in process climate change. sites included 30 P. stands, where needles, shoots, roots, sampled. DNA isolated from individual samples, amplified using ITS2 rRNA as marker subjected high-throughput sequencing. sequence analysis showed presence 232,547 high-quality reads, following clustering were found represent 2701 non-singleton OTUs. highest absolute richness OTUs (1895), then needles (1049) shoots (1002), lowest roots (641). overall community composed Ascomycota (58.3%), Basidiomycota (37.2%), Zygomycota (2.5%), Chytridiomycota (1.6%), Glomeromycota (0.4%). most common fungi based read abundance Aspergillus pseudoglaucus (7.9%), Archaeorhizomyces sp. (3.6%), Rhinocladiella (2.0%). Pathogens relatively rare, among Phacidium lacerum (1.7%), Cyphellophora sessilis (1.4%), Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii (1.4%). results that detected generally high, but relative varied greatly different sites, thereby highlighting complexity interactions host trees, fungi, local environmental conditions.

Language: Английский

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Comparative gut proteomics study revealing adaptive physiology of Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

The bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.), is a major pest of Norway spruce, Picea abies causing enormous economic losses globally. adult stage the I. has complex life cycle (callow and sclerotized); callow beetles feed ferociously, whereas sclerotized male are more aggressive pioneers in establishing new colonies. We conducted comparative proteomics study to understand female digestion detoxification processes beetles. Proteome profiling was performed using high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total >3000 proteins were identified from beetle gut, among them, 539 differentially abundant (fold change ±2, FDR <0.05) between (DAPs) mainly engage with binding, catalytic activity, anatomical hydrolase metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolism, hence may be crucial for growth, digestion, detoxification, signalling. validated selected DAPs RT-qPCR. Gut enzymes such as NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CYC), glutathione S-transferase (GST), esterase (EST) play role digesting host allelochemicals. enzyme activity assays them observed positive correlation CYC GST activities proteomic results, EST not fully correlated. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that had an upregulation associated juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis chitin exhibited linked fatty acid metabolism TCA cycle. These distinctive patterns protein regulation functional specific each developmental stage, underscoring adaptive responses typographicus overcoming conifer defences facilitating their survival. Taken together, it first gut comparing males females typographus, shedding light on ecology at molecular level. information about handling nutritionally limiting defence-rich spruce phloem diet can utilized formulate RNAi-mediated management.

Language: Английский

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Organic soil carbon in Austria – Status quo and foreseeable trends

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 402, P. 115214 - 115214

Published: June 9, 2021

We compiled information from different sources in order to establish a comprehensive map of the stock soil organic carbon (SOC) upper 30 cm under forms land use for Austria. The serves as baseline evaluation potential climate-change mitigation measures. SOC sequestration plays an important role discussion terrestrial (C) sinks and size pool is one several quality measures crop production national regional food security. also effectiveness adaptive management cope with climate change. Austrian croplands, grasslands, forests, settlements contain 300 Mt SOC. Peatlands have highest density (220 t C/ha), yet cover only about 2% country. Forest soils store 106 C/ha comprise largest due coverage more than 4 Mha (48% country). Intensively extensively managed grasslands 0.8 (10%) between 91 113 C/ha, cropland on 1.28 (15%) hold average 62 C/ha. Due geographic heterogeneity Austria respect climatic conditions, geology soils, topography differences stocks are large. Measures increase been applied 25 years within agri-environmental climate-smart strategies. An total expected afforestation reforestation marginal agricultural smaller extent restoration peatlands. A decline consequence development infrastructure.

Language: Английский

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Afforestation suitability and production potential of five tree species on abandoned farmland in response to climate change, Czech Republic

Trees, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(4), P. 1369 - 1385

Published: April 15, 2022

Language: Английский

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How to Optimize Carbon Sinks and Biodiversity in the Conversion of Norway Spruce to Beech Forests in Austria?

Forests, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 359 - 359

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Assessments of synergies and trade-offs between climate change mitigation forest biodiversity conservation have focused on set-aside areas. We evaluated a more comprehensive portfolio silvicultural management adaptations to measures exemplary for managed European beech forests. Based the available literature, we assessed range common their effects carbon sequestration in wood products substituting carbon-intensive products. complemented this review with simulations typical mountainous region Austria. propose three priority actions enhance biodiversity. First, actively increase proportion secondary Norway spruce forests, even though will not be unaffected by expected water supply limitations. Secondly, optimize benefits shelterwood systems promote uneven-aged forestry, thirdly, mixed tree species. Targeted (deadwood, habitat trees, old patches) total C storage but decrease annual particularly The establishment market an extended product reduce use fuelwood is essential sustainable mitigation. Since there are limitations production saw timber quality low fertility sites, accumulation, can emphasized these

Language: Английский

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Effect of Climate Change on the Growth of Endangered Scree Forests in Krkonoše National Park (Czech Republic)

Forests, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1127 - 1127

Published: Aug. 22, 2021

Scree forests with large numbers of protected plants and wildlife are seriously threatened by climate change due to more frequent drought episodes, which cause challenges for very stony, shallow soils. The effect environmental factors on the radial growth five tree species—European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus European ash (Fraxinus excelsior mountain elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.)—was studied in mixed stands (105–157 years) western Krkonoše Mountains (Czech Republic) concerning change. These communities fir beechwoods (association Aceri-Fagetum sylvaticae Luzulo-Abietetum albae) ranker soils at altitude 590–700 m a.s.l. Production, structure, biodiversity were evaluated seven permanent research plots relationships (150 cores) climatic parameters (precipitation, temperature, extreme conditions) air pollution (SO2, NOX, ozone exposure). stand volume reached 557–814 m3 ha−1 high production potential ash. growing relatively favorable habitat conditions (deeper soil profile less skeletal soils) has increased 16.6%–46.1% last 20 years. By contrast, conditions, decreased 12.5%–14.6%. However, variability (12.7%–29.5%) all species, as did occurrence negative pointer years (extremely low growth) two decades. most sensitive species compared resilience Spectral analysis recorded largest cyclical fluctuations (especially 12-year solar cycle) spruce, while not show any significant cycle processes. limiting droughts temperatures vegetation period late frosts beech. According degree individual thus respond appropriately advancing change, especially an increase mean temperature (by 2.1 °C), unevenness precipitation, events 60

Language: Английский

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Tree Mortality may Drive Landscape Formation: Comparative Study from Ten Temperate Forests

Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 257 - 276

Published: March 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Climate Change, Impacts, Adaptation and Risk Management

Managing forest ecosystems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 33 - 53

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Identifying suitable areas for plenter forest management

Forest Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 100267 - 100267

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

Language: Английский

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The State of Dark Coniferous Forests on the East European Plain Due to Climate Change

Life, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 1874 - 1874

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

As a result of global climate changes, negative processes have been recorded in the coniferous forests Northern Hemisphere. Similar are observed Urals, including Udmurtia. In course this research, archival analysis methods were used, as well field research methods. process analyzing materials reduction spruce was observed. If 20th century share region 50%, then 21th it decreased to 35%. revealed that most unfavorable sanitary condition boreal-subboreal zone Udmurtia, with index 3.2 (from 2.62 3.73). The main reason for vital activity Ips typographus L. According our 11 sample plots out 18, high score associated bark beetles. correlation coefficient plantings and number individuals Picea obovata Ledeb. affected by was0.93. Bark beetle has increased century, which is changing climatic factors. Unstable precipitation over recent years (differences more than 100 mm) an average temperature increase 1.2 °C region. significant past 10 winter, turn survival rate insect pests.

Language: Английский

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