Light as a central modulator of circadian rhythms, sleep and affect

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 443 - 454

Published: June 11, 2014

Language: Английский

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Entrainment of the Human Circadian Clock to the Natural Light-Dark Cycle

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 23(16), P. 1554 - 1558

Published: Aug. 1, 2013

Language: Английский

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Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance

Journal of Applied Physiology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 110(5), P. 1432 - 1438

Published: March 18, 2011

Many people spend an increasing amount of time in front computer screens equipped with light-emitting diodes (LED) a short wavelength (blue range). Thus we investigated the repercussions on melatonin (a marker circadian clock), alertness, and cognitive performance levels 13 young male volunteers under controlled laboratory conditions balanced crossover design. A 5-h evening exposure to white LED-backlit screen more than twice as much 464 nm light emission {irradiance 0,241 Watt/(steradian × m(2)) [W/(sr m(2))], 2.1 10(13) photons/(cm(2) s), range 454 474 nm} non-LED-backlit [irradiance 0,099 W/(sr m(2)), 0.7 nm] elicited significant suppression rise endogenous subjective well objective sleepiness, indexed by reduced incidence slow eye movements EEG low-frequency activity (1-7 Hz) frontal brain regions. Concomitantly, sustained attention, determined GO/NOGO task; working memory/attention, assessed "explicit timing"; declarative memory word-learning paradigm were significantly enhanced compared non-LED condition. Screen quality visual comfort rated same both conditions, whereas tended be considered brighter. Our data indicate that spectral profile emitted impacts physiology, levels. The challenge will design can individually programmed add timed, essential information system humans.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 129(10), P. 4050 - 4057

Published: Sept. 30, 2019

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that, if left untreated, will often progress to greater defects such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. While these have been established for over 40 years, the definition MetS warrants reconsideration in light substantial data that emerged from studies gut microbiome. In this Review we present existing recent literature supports microbiome's potential influence on various MetS. interplay intestinal microbiota with host metabolism has shown be mediated by myriad factors, including defective barrier, bile acid metabolism, antibiotic use, pleiotropic effects microbially produced metabolites. These show events start gut, response external cues diet circadian disruption, far-reaching beyond gut.

Language: Английский

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Non-Visual Effects of Light on Melatonin, Alertness and Cognitive Performance: Can Blue-Enriched Light Keep Us Alert?

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. e16429 - e16429

Published: Jan. 26, 2011

Background Light exposure can cascade numerous effects on the human circadian process via non-imaging forming system, whose spectral relevance is highest in short-wavelength range. Here we investigated if commercially available compact fluorescent lamps with different colour temperatures impact alertness and cognitive performance. Methods Sixteen healthy young men were studied a balanced cross-over design light of 3 settings (compact 40 lux at 6500K 2500K incandescent 3000K) during 2 h evening. Results Exposure to induced greater melatonin suppression, together enhanced subjective alertness, well-being visual comfort. With respect performance, led significantly faster reaction times tasks associated sustained attention (Psychomotor Vigilance GO/NOGO Task), but not executive function (Paced Visual Serial Addition Task). This improvement was strongly related attenuated salivary levels, particularly for condition 6500K. Conclusions Our findings suggest that sensitivity alerting response polychromatic levels as low lux, blue-shifted relative three-cone photopic system. Thus, selection lights impacts physiology performance home workplace.

Language: Английский

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A higher illuminance induces alertness even during office hours: Findings on subjective measures, task performance and heart rate measures

Physiology & Behavior, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 107(1), P. 7 - 16

Published: July 2, 2012

Language: Английский

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Blue Blocker Glasses as a Countermeasure for Alerting Effects of Evening Light-Emitting Diode Screen Exposure in Male Teenagers

Journal of Adolescent Health, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 113 - 119

Published: Oct. 4, 2014

PurposeAdolescents prefer sleep and wake times that are considerably delayed compared with younger children or adults. Concomitantly, multimedia use in the evening is prevalent among teenagers involves light exposure, particularly blue-wavelength range to which biological clock its associated arousal promotion system most sensitive. We investigated whether of blue light–blocking glasses (BB) during evening, while sitting front a light-emitting diode (LED) computer screen, favors initiating mechanisms at subjective, cognitive, physiological level.MethodsThe ambulatory part study comprised 2 weeks sleep–wake cycle, screen were monitored thirteen 15- 17-year-old healthy male volunteers. BB clear lenses as control worn counterbalanced crossover design for 1 week each, hours using LED screens. Afterward, participants entered laboratory underwent an light–enriched exposure they wore same preceding week. Salivary melatonin, subjective sleepiness, vigilant attention regularly assayed, subsequent was recorded by polysomnography.ResultsCompared lenses, significantly attenuated LED-induced melatonin suppression decreased alertness before bedtime. Visually scored stages behavioral measures collected morning after not modified.ConclusionsBB may be useful adolescents countermeasure alerting effects induced through screens therefore potentially impede negative modern lighting imposes on circadian physiology evening.

Language: Английский

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Bright light and mental fatigue: Effects on alertness, vitality, performance and physiological arousal

Journal of Environmental Psychology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 77 - 91

Published: Jan. 4, 2014

Language: Английский

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Light and Cognition: Roles for Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Arousal

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 8, 2018

Light exerts a wide range of effects on mammalian physiology and behaviour. As well as synchronising circadian rhythms to the external environment, light has been shown modulate autonomic neuroendocrine responses regulating sleep influencing cognitive processes such attention, arousal performance. The last two decades have seen major advances in our understanding retinal photoreceptors that mediate these non-image forming light, neural pathways molecular mechanisms by which are generated entrained light/dark (LD) cycle. By contrast, lighting influences more equivocal. different complex. direct indirect may also occur due disrupted entrainment. Despite widespread use LD cycles study role cognition, experimental protocols used subtly function not comparable. Moreover, will disrupt alter physiological arousal, both known cognition. Studies behavioural assays dependent upon sensory processes, contribute their variable findings. Here we propose studies addressing conditions must account for rhythms, if fully understand basis effects.

Language: Английский

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How Acute Total Sleep Loss Affects the Attending Brain: A Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies

SLEEP, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 38(2), P. 233 - 240

Published: Jan. 30, 2015

Attention is a cognitive domain that can be severely affected by sleep deprivation. Previous neuroimaging studies have used different attention paradigms and reported both increased reduced brain activation after However, due to large variability in deprivation protocols, task paradigms, experimental designs, characteristics of subject populations, imaging techniques, there no consensus regarding the effects loss on attending brain. The aim this meta-analysis was identify activations are commonly altered acute total across tasks.Coordinate-based performance tasks during deprivation.The current version likelihood estimation (ALE) approach for meta-analysis. authors searched published articles identified 11 using with 185 participants, equaling 81 foci ALE analysis.The revealed significantly multiple regions following compared rested wakefulness, including bilateral intraparietal sulcus, insula, right prefrontal cortex, medial frontal parahippocampal gyrus. Increased found only thalamus wakefulness.Acute decreases fronto-parietal network (prefrontal cortex sulcus) salience (insula cortex). thalamic may reflect complex interaction between de-arousing arousing activity.

Language: Английский

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