A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder

Brain, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 145(8), P. 2648 - 2663

Published: June 2, 2022

Abstract Functional neurological disorder reflects impairments in brain networks leading to distressing motor, sensory and/or cognitive symptoms that demonstrate positive clinical signs on examination incongruent with other conditions. A central issue historical and contemporary formulations of functional has been the mechanistic aetiological role emotions. However, debate mostly omitted fundamental questions about nature emotions first place. In this perspective article, we outline a set relevant working principles (e.g. allostasis, predictive processing, interoception affect), followed by focused review theory constructed emotion introduce new understanding what are. Building theoretical framework, formulate how altered category construction can be an integral component pathophysiology related somatic symptoms. doing so, address several themes for field including: (i) energy regulation process relate symptom generation, including revisiting alexithymia, ‘panic attack without panic’, dissociation, insecure attachment influential life experiences; (ii) re-interpret select neurobiological research findings cohorts through lens illustrate its potential relevance; (iii) discuss therapeutic implications. While continue support is mechanistically aetiologically heterogenous, consideration relates generation maintenance offers integrated viewpoint cuts across neurology, psychiatry, psychology cognitive-affective neuroscience.

Language: Английский

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Rethinking Norm Psychology

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 12 - 38

Published: July 13, 2023

Norms permeate human life. Most of people’s activities can be characterized by rules about what is appropriate, allowed, required, or forbidden—rules that are crucial in making people hyper-cooperative animals. In this article, I examine the current cognitive-evolutionary account “norm psychology” and propose an alternative better supported evidence placed to promote interdisciplinary dialogue. The incumbent theory focuses on claims humans genetically inherit cognitive motivational mechanisms specialized for processing these rules. cultural-evolutionary defines normativity relation behavior—compliance, enforcement, commentary—and suggests it depends implicit explicit processes. processes inherited domain-general; rather than being normativity, they do many jobs species. culturally domain-specific; constructed from mentalizing reasoning social interaction childhood. cultural-evolutionary, “cognitive gadget,” perspective alive today—parents, educators, elders, politicians, lawyers—have more responsibility sustaining nativist view implies. People’s actions not only shape transmit rules, but also create each new generation mental grasp put them into action.

Language: Английский

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Dual coding of knowledge in the human brain

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 883 - 895

Published: Sept. 8, 2021

Neural systems have been assumed to represent knowledge through the embodiment of sensory experiences. This type representation is considered fundamentally different from artificial intelligence approach, which implements using 'symbolic' approach.Recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies color (and other visual knowledge) with without experience provide empirical evidence for neural coding non-sensory, language-derived knowledge, along sensory-derived representation, in brain systems.The proposed dual-coding framework motivated by these recent findings offers nature's solution classical challenges associated either only symbolic tradition or embodied approach neuroscience. How does human code about world? While disciplines such as world based on language, neurocognitive models dominated embodiment, derived sensory/motor supported high-level association cortices. The correlates an alternative disembodied system had previously difficult establish. A line exploring properties, color, visually deprived individuals converge positive, compelling language-derived, dorsal anterior temporal lobe extended language network, addition representations, leading a sketch framework. (A android): There was thought experiment they gave us. It's called 'Mary Black White room.' Mary scientist, her special subject color. She knows everything there know it […] But she lives black white room. born there, raised One day… walks out sees blue sky. And at that moment learns something all couldn't tell her. what feels see show students difference between computer mind. when out. – Ex Machina (a Movie, 2014), citing [1.Jackson F. Epiphenomenal qualia.Philos. Q. 1982; 32: 127-136Crossref Google Scholar]. What mean, know? Is knowing relations versus (see Glossary) (current) machines humans, suggested earlier movie dialogue? stores vast amounts world, roses, shape earth, mechanisms evolution, functions jury. Various sorts guide broad range behaviors, recognizing objects understanding words, reasoning, decision making. Understanding how represented one oldest most-debated questions any discipline interested mind brain. discussions every field, including philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, center two notions representing knowledge: (sensory/motor-experience-derived). granted room Scholar], prevalent way intelligence. Beyond computers, similar also various (e.g., dual both verbal nonverbal [2.Paivio A. Mental Representations: Dual Coding Approach. Oxford University Press, 1986Google Scholar,3.Paivio Mind Its Evolution: Theoretical Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2007Google Scholar]) philosophical theories dualism [4.Papineau D. Thinking About Consciousness. 2002Crossref Scholar]). Despite this popularity some areas, (biological) implementation are more strongly influenced notion 'sensory embodiment', start assumptions least physical apple), acquired grounded experiences stored higher-order cortices [5.Binder J.R. Desai R.H. neurobiology semantic memory.Trends Cogn. Sci. 2011; 15: 527-536Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1067) Scholar, 6.Martin GRAPES—grounding representations action, perception, emotion systems: object properties categories brain.Psychon. Bull. Rev. 2016; 23: 979-990Crossref (140) 7.Pulvermüller neurons make meaning: Brain abstract-symbolic semantics.Trends 2013; 17: 458-470Abstract (305) 8.Barsalou L.W. On staying avoiding quixotic dead ends.Psychon. 1122-1142Crossref (128) 9.Lambon Ralph M.A. et al.The computational bases cognition.Nat. 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To explain rationales help readers appreciate their implications first briefly present current views embodiment' stems combination considerations: biological entities acquire information interaction world; long identified brain; numerous during over decades shown retrieving activates regions territory corresponding (primary associative) For instance, roses) induces activation close V4, region critical perception [13.Martin al.Discrete cortical action.Science. 1995; 270: 102-105Crossref (833) Scholar,14.Simmons W.K. al.A common substrate perceiving color.Neuropsychologia. 45: 2802-2810Crossref (280) processing words whose meanings strong associations tends modulate activities [15.Fernandino L. al.Concept reflects multimodal abstraction: semantics.Cereb. Cortex. 26: 2018-2034Crossref (125) Thus, often assume, extents, can be perceived modalities, abstracted experiences/systems connections set combinational It axiomatic humans learn via things not personally experienced sensorily someone 'roses red' reading/hearing seeing red roses), yet, quoting [16.Binder al.Toward brain-based componential representation.Cogn. Neuropsychol. 33: 130-174Crossref (126) Scholar] 'In cognition theories, however, our model maintains concepts ultimately experience, whether directly indirectly refers experience'. research has away specific given [17.Mahon B.Z. Caramazza look hypothesis new proposal grounding content.J. Physiol. Paris. 102: 59-70Crossref (841) Scholar]), isolate, articulate, identify supporting non-sensory-derived knowledge. because typically developed brain, evoked even justice) cannot perceive quark). cases deprivation input modality, congenital blindness, most still gained modalities apple obtained touch vision). difficulty cognitively excluding leads further mapping activity cognition. clean test would involve testing happens particular modality absent. exactly why philosophers Scholar,18.Locke J. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. 1690Crossref fascinated Color sensation exclusively visual, driven wavelength light, no senses it. Colors congenitally blind individual mirror What, how, brains sight colors visual-exclusive knowledge)? Answers opportunity isolate following sections, will review provided answers compelling, positive existence highly sensory-related wave empirically started almost four ago. showed people types reviewed [19.Bedny M. Saxe R. Insights into origins neuroscience blindness.Cogn. 2012; 29: 56-84Crossref (31) Briefly, early work found children use adjectives names speech, perceptual qualities felt touch, name [20.Landau B. Gleitman Language Experience: Evidence Blind Child. Harvard 1985Google 21.Connolly A.C. al.Effect blindness everyday concepts.Proc. Natl. Acad. U. S. 104: 8241-8246Crossref (42) 22.Mills A.E. Acquisition Child: Normal Deficient. College-Hill 1983Google group free-recall tasks [23.Zimler Keenan J.M. Imagery blind: images?.J. Exp. Learn. Mem. 1983; 9: 269-282Crossref (91) recover Newtonian circle labels [24.Shepard R.N. Cooper L.A. Representation blind, color-blind, normally sighted.Psychol. 1992; 3: 97-104Crossref (123) Scholar,25.Marmor G.S. Age onset development semantics names.J. Child 1978; 25: 267-278Crossref (44) Given work's relevance larger question recently rigorously investigated, detailed benchmark comparisons, detail below. comparison sighted individuals, multiple (basic descriptive terms) tested similarity rating task paired terms (congenital noncongenital) control conditions [26.Saysani al.Colour envisioned: colour sighted.Vis. 2018; 382-392Crossref (15) space overall strikingly (Figure 1A ), subjects indistinguishable sighted, greater variation group. high degree correlation (r = 0.93) term spaces replicated, relationship lower than results action 0.99) [27.Bottini al.Brain involved retrieval people.J. 2020; 1009-1025Crossref (8) Compared intriguing cross-modal reported (red heavier yellow), color-weight associations, but object-taste (boulder-sour, strength benchmarks), suggesting contributes [28.Barilari al.Is yellow blind?.Iperception. 1-4Google Another colors. individuals' fruits vegetables probed [29.Wang X. al.Two forms brain.Neuron. 107: 383-393Abstract (22) again yielded 1B) relative individuals. Furthermore, strengths typical (nonvisual) (including shape, taste), well general (both continuously rated categorically measured), were groups, indicating differently relying derive relations. investigation carried visual-specific [30.Bedny al.There's "sparkle" meets eye: vision light verbs among individuals.Cognition. 2019; 189: 105-115Crossref Scholar,31.Bedny al.Growing up change theory mind.Proc. 2009; 106: 11312-11317Crossref (68) peek feel/perceive; shimmer boom/roll), controls (by means word judgment). Multidimensional scaling analyses distinguish, like emission sound 1C). suggests concepts, blindness. Over dozen spanning decades, across paradigms (generation, sorting, rating, association) languages (English, Italian, Mandarin Chinese) paint consistent picture complete deprivation. (i) Without actually sensorially experiencing relational structures, patterns those sighted; (ii) level, non-visual-specific [32.Kim J.S. al.Knowledge animal appearance adults.Proc. 166: 11213-11222Crossref (25) Scholar]); (iii) within population fully quite different, additional may reduce idiosyncrasy [33.Wang, Bi, Y. Idiosyncratic tower babel: Individual differences meaning increase abstractness. (accepted) (bioRxiv preprint, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.28.272997)Google point property absence ways perfectly probing Turing scenario [34.Turing A.M. Computing machinery intelligence.Mind. 1950; 49: 433-460Crossref basis visual-concept vision? Recent fMRI groups important clues, described below 2). responses examined depicting dominant phenomena, 'red', 'rainbow', 'island'), features (abstract e.g., 'freedom'), non-visual accessible 'square', 'rain', 'cup') [35.Striem-Amit E. al.Neural blind.Nat. Commun. 5250Crossref (24) cluster (ATL), superior gyrus/sulcus (STG/STS) pole (TP), significant interaction, stronger 'rainbow' (or 'red') compared 'rain' 'square') ('rainbow'/'red' 'rain'/'square' is), (all accessible; Figure 2 another study adaptation paradigm, judgments produced repetition suppression effects V4 STG (along precentral cortex) group, peak portion These convergently ATL sensitive uncovered representational analysis (RSA) [36.Kriegeskorte N. al.Representational - connecting branches neuroscience.Front. Syst. 2: 1-28PubMed Participants listened retrieved matrix (correlation pattern items) computed correlations taken Two 2): posterior fusiform color-perception-sensitive (close V4) similarity; left (anterior TP), object-color after controlled for. sets intrinsically, functionally connected Note under lenient threshold, ventral/medial observed showing convergence related [9.Lambon Scholar,35.Striem-Amit Although handful addressed question, appear clear. (univariate contrasts, adaptation, RSA) (Italian, (for concepts) while confirming cortex sighted. Importantly, RSA revealed occurs available representations. Are tested, reflect mechanism ATL? studying (i.e., referents, 'justice' 'rationality'). imaging consistently concrete 'cup'), requiring facts facts, elicit ATL, centering around dorsal-lateral aspects, encompassing network [37.Fedorenko al.New method investigations language: defining ROIs subjects.J. Neurophysiol. 2010; 1177-1194Crossref (276) inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) middle (pMTG) [38.Wang concepts: meta-analysis studies.Hum. Mapp. 31: 1459-1468Crossref (253) 39.Wang al.Close yet independent: dissociation social valence dimensions lobe.Hum. 40: 4759-4776Crossref (19) 40.Hoffman P. al.Differing contributions prefrontal knowledge.Cortex. 2015; 63: 250-266Crossref (115) 41.Binder system? 120 functional studies.Cereb. 19: 2767-2796Crossref (2414) 42.Sabsevitz D.S. al.Modulation imageability.Neuroimage. 2005; 27: 188-200Crossref (236) interpretations controversial researchers debated relate involvement Scholar,42.Sabsevitz emotional [43.Zahn al.Social cortex.Proc. 6430-6435Crossref (344) Scholar,44.Mellem M.S. al.Sentence shows social-emotional bias.Neuropsychologia. 89: 217-224Crossref (30) argued (external and/or internal) due nuanced lexical confounds age acquisition familiarity. observations parsimoniously explained potentially its network) Intriguingly, if perceptible properties? might richly distributed thus diluted network. earlier, primarily focusing jointly considering allows us 3, Key figure ). well-establ

Language: Английский

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Context reconsidered: Complex signal ensembles, relational meaning, and population thinking in psychological science.

American Psychologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(8), P. 894 - 920

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

This article considers the status and study of "context" in psychological science through lens research on emotional expressions. The begins by updating three well-trod methodological debates role context expressions to reconsider several fundamental assumptions lurking within field's dominant tradition: namely, that certain expressive movements have biologically prepared, inherent meanings issue from singular, universal processes which are independent but interact with contextual influences. second part this scientific opportunities await if we set aside traditional understanding as a moderator signals meaning instead consider possibility events emerge ecosystems signal ensembles, such any individual is entirely relational. Such shift has radical implications not only for emotion more generally. It offers improve validity trustworthiness beyond what can be achieved improvements rigor alone. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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The affective grounds of the mind. The Affective Pertinentization (APER) Model

Physics of Life Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50, P. 143 - 165

Published: July 31, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Development of Emotion Reasoning in Infancy and Early Childhood

Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 503 - 531

Published: Dec. 15, 2020

Historically, research characterizing the development of emotion recognition has focused on identifying specific skills and age periods, or milestones, at which these abilities emerge. However, advances in raise questions about whether this conceptualization accurately reflects how children learn about, understand, respond to others’ emotions everyday life. In review, we propose a developmental framework for emergence reasoning—that is, develop ability make reasonably accurate inferences predictions states other people. We describe holds promise building upon extant research. Our review suggests that use term can be misleading imprecise, with processes interest better characterized by reasoning. also highlight succeed many tasks myriad processes. This new framing emotional open lines inquiry humans navigate their social worlds.

Language: Английский

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Language and Emotion: Introduction to the Special Issue

Affective Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 91 - 98

Published: May 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Emotion Differentiation and Youth Mental Health: Current Understanding and Open Questions

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

A growing body of research identifies emotion differentiation—the ability to specifically identify one’s emotions—as a key skill for well-being. High differentiation is associated with healthier and more effective regulation emotions, low has been documented in several forms psychopathology. However, the lion’s share this focused on adult samples, even though approximately 50% mental disorders onset before age 18. This review curates what we know about development its implications youth health. I first published studies investigating how develops across childhood adolescence, as well testing relations between health samples. Emerging evidence suggests that actually falls counterintuitive pattern merits further investigation. Additionally, find health, but some instability results emerged. then open questions limit our current understanding differentiation, including (i) lack clarity valid measurement (ii) potential third variables could explain mental-health (e.g., mean negative affect, IQ, personality, circularity outcomes), (iii) clear mechanistic models regarding it facilitates conclude discussion future directions can address work toward interventions treat (or prevent)

Language: Английский

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The Meaning of Emoji to Describe Food Experiences in Pre-Adolescents

Foods, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 1307 - 1307

Published: Sept. 16, 2020

Ongoing research has shown that emoji can be used by children to discriminate food products, but it is unclear if they express emotions and how are linked emotional words. Little known about interpret in terms of their meaning the context food. This study aimed at investigating describe experiences 9–13-year-old pre-adolescents measure related age gender differences. The 46 experience was explored by: mapping according similarities differences using projective technique, linking with emotion words a check-all-that-apply (CATA) format. two tasks gave consistent results showed were discriminated along valence (positive vs. negative) power (dominant submissive) dimension, lower extent arousal dimension (high low activation). In general, negative had more distinct meanings than positive both studies, nuances found also among emoji. Girls older (12–13 years old (y.o.)) slightly better boys younger (9–11 y.o.). suggests girls may higher granularity (the ability emotions), particularly emotions. present work for development an emoji-based tool elicited foods pre-adolescents.

Language: Английский

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Comment: Emotions Are Abstract, Conceptual Categories That Are Learned by a Predicting Brain

Emotion Review, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 253 - 255

Published: Feb. 5, 2020

In their review, Ruba and Repacholi summarize the methods used to assess preverbal infants’ understanding of emotions, analyze existing evidence in light classical constructionist accounts emotional development. They conclude that aspects both are plausible propose a perceptual-to-conceptual shift this comment, we clarify nature emotions as abstract, conceptual categories suggest infants may learn them such from start by using language infer functional similarities across highly variable instances. This hypothesis is supported predictive processing brain function, which can speak context-dependent emotion be able resolve debates study concept

Language: Английский

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