Cerebral Cortex,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
30(9), P. 4922 - 4937
Published: March 29, 2020
Abstract
Abnormal
brain
development
manifests
itself
at
different
spatial
scales.
However,
whether
abnormalities
the
cellular
level
can
be
diagnosed
from
network
activity
measured
with
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(fMRI)
is
largely
unknown,
yet
of
high
clinical
relevance.
Here
a
putative
mechanism
reported
in
neurodevelopmental
disorders,
that
is,
excitation-to-inhibition
ratio
(E:I),
was
chemogenetically
increased
within
cortical
microcircuits
mouse
and
via
fMRI.
Increased
E:I
caused
significant
“reduction”
long-range
connectivity,
irrespective
excitatory
neurons
were
facilitated
or
inhibitory
Parvalbumin
(PV)
interneurons
suppressed.
Training
classifier
on
fMRI
signals,
we
able
to
accurately
classify
areas
exhibiting
E:I.
This
validated
an
independent
cohort
Fmr1y/−
knockout
mice,
model
for
autism
well-documented
loss
parvalbumin
chronic
alterations
Our
findings
demonstrate
promising
novel
approach
towards
inferring
microcircuit
macroscopic
measurements.
Frontiers in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Jan. 20, 2021
By
engaging
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
2
(ACE2
or
Ace2),
the
novel
pathogenic
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2)
invades
host
cells
and
affects
many
organs,
including
brain.
However,
distribution
of
ACE2
in
brain
is
still
obscure.
Here,
we
investigated
expression
by
analyzing
data
from
publicly
available
transcriptome
databases.
According
to
our
spatial
analysis,
was
relatively
highly
expressed
some
locations,
such
as
choroid
plexus
paraventricular
nuclei
thalamus.
cell-type
nuclear
found
neurons
(both
excitatory
inhibitory
neurons)
non-neuron
(mainly
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
endothelial
cells)
human
middle
temporal
gyrus
posterior
cingulate
cortex.
A
few
ACE2-expressing
were
a
hippocampal
dataset,
none
detected
prefrontal
Except
for
additional
high
Ace2
olfactory
bulb
areas
well
pericytes
distribution,
mouse
similar
that
Thus,
results
reveal
an
outline
ACE2/Ace2
brains,
which
indicates
infection
SARS-CoV-2
may
be
capable
inducing
central
nervous
system
symptoms
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
patients.
Potential
species
differences
should
considered
when
using
models
study
neurological
effects
infection.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
43(1), P. 1 - 30
Published: July 12, 2019
Cortical
interneurons
display
striking
differences
in
shape,
physiology,
and
other
attributes,
challenging
us
to
appropriately
classify
them.
We
previously
suggested
that
interneuron
types
should
be
defined
by
their
role
cortical
processing.
Here,
we
revisit
the
question
of
how
codify
diversity
based
upon
division
labor
function
as
controllers
information
flow.
suggest
developmental
trajectories
provide
a
guide
for
appreciating
argue
subtype
identity
is
generated
using
configurational
(rather
than
combinatorial)
code
transcription
factors
produce
attractor
states
underlying
gene
regulatory
network.
present
our
updated
three-stage
model
specification:
an
initial
cardinal
step,
allocating
into
few
major
classes,
followed
definitive
refinement,
creating
subclasses
settling
within
cortex,
lastly,
state
determination,
reflecting
incorporation
functional
circuit
ensembles.
close
discussing
findings
indicating
classes
are
both
evolutionarily
ancient
conserved.
propose
complexity
circuits
phylogenetically
old
types,
complemented
evolutionary
increase
principal
neuron
diversity.
This
suggests
natural
neurobiological
definition
might
derived
from
match
between
origin
computational
function.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 9, 2020
Abstract
By
engaging
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
2
(ACE2
or
Ace2),
the
novel
pathogenic
SARS-coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2)
may
invade
host
cells
in
many
organs,
including
brain.
However,
distribution
of
ACE2
brain
is
still
obscure.
Here
we
investigated
expression
by
analyzing
data
from
publicly
available
transcriptome
databases.
According
to
our
spatial
analysis,
was
relatively
highly
expressed
some
locations,
such
as
choroid
plexus
and
paraventricular
nuclei
thalamus.
cell-type
nuclear
found
neurons
(both
excitatory
inhibitory
neurons)
non-neuron
(mainly
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
endothelial
cells)
human
middle
temporal
gyrus
posterior
cingulate
cortex.
A
few
ACE2-expressing
were
a
hippocampal
dataset,
none
detected
prefrontal
Except
for
additional
high
Ace2
olfactory
bulb
areas
well
pericytes
distribution,
mouse
similar
that
Thus,
results
reveal
an
outline
ACE2/Ace2
brain,
which
indicates
infection
SARS-CoV-2
be
capable
inducing
central
nervous
system
symptoms
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
patients.
Potential
species
differences
should
considered
when
using
models
study
neurological
effects
infection.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: July 29, 2022
Gamma
oscillation
is
the
synchronization
with
a
frequency
of
30-90
Hz
neural
oscillations,
which
are
rhythmic
electric
processes
neuron
groups
in
brain.
The
inhibitory
interneuron
network
necessary
for
production
gamma
but
certain
disruptions
such
as
brain
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
and
metabolic
imbalances
can
cause
this
to
malfunction.
oscillations
specifically
control
connectivity
between
different
regions,
crucial
perception,
movement,
memory,
emotion.
Studies
have
linked
abnormal
conditions
central
nervous
system,
including
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
schizophrenia.
Evidence
suggests
that
entrainment
using
sensory
stimuli
(GENUS)
provides
significant
neuroprotection.
This
review
discusses
function
advanced
activities
from
both
physiological
pathological
standpoint,
it
emphasizes
potential
therapeutic
approach
range
neuropsychiatric
diseases.
