Arhiv za farmaciju,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
74(6), P. 758 - 773
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Depression
represents
a
complex
mental
health
problem
worldwide,
affecting
millions
of
people
and
causing
significant
societal
personal
distress.
A
plethora
evidence
has
emerged
indicating
an
important
role
gender
dimorphism
in
depression,
with
prevalence
rates,
symptomatology,
treatment
responses
differing
between
men
women.
Women
are
generally
more
likely
to
suffer
from
which
is
often
attributed
hormonal
influences,
psychosocial
stressors,
gender-specific
coping
mechanisms.
In
contrast,
may
exhibit
different
depressive
patterns,
characterized
by
externalizing
behaviors
higher
suicide
rates.
Neurobiological
studies
highlight
differences
brain
structure
function,
as
well
neurotransmitter
systems,
impact
efficacy
response
variability.
While
conventional
pharmacotherapy
remains
pivotal,
personalized
approaches
that
integrate
psychotherapeutic
modalities
such
cognitive-behavioral
therapy
mindfulness-based
interventions
have
increased
recent
years.
However,
outcomes
emphasize
the
need
for
differentiated,
gender-sensitive
clinical
strategies.
This
review
summarizes
current
literature
complexity
depression
importance
tailoring
optimize
diverse
populations.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
163, P. 105749 - 105749
Published: June 3, 2024
The
introduction
of
sex-as-a-biological-variable
policies
at
funding
agencies
around
the
world
has
led
to
an
explosion
very
recent
observations
sex
differences
in
biology
underlying
pain.
This
review
considers
evidence
sexually
dimorphic
mechanisms
mediating
pain
hypersensitivity,
derived
from
modern
assays
persistent
rodent
animal
models.
Three
well-studied
findings
are
described
detail:
male-specific
role
spinal
cord
microglia,
female-specific
calcitonin
gene-related
peptide
(CGRP),
and
prolactin
its
receptor.
Other
sex-specific
molecular
involvement
subjected
pathway
analyses
reveal
least
one
novel
hypothesis:
that
females
may
preferentially
use
Th1
males
Th2
T
cell
activity
mediate
chronic
JAMA Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 9, 2024
Importance
The
X
chromosome
has
remained
enigmatic
in
Alzheimer
disease
(AD),
yet
it
makes
up
5%
of
the
genome
and
carries
a
high
proportion
genes
expressed
brain,
making
particularly
appealing
as
potential
source
unexplored
genetic
variation
AD.
Objectives
To
perform
first
large-scale
chromosome–wide
association
study
(XWAS)
Design,
Setting,
Participants
This
was
meta-analysis
studies
case-control,
family-based,
population-based,
longitudinal
AD-related
cohorts
from
US
Alzheimer’s
Disease
Genetics
Consortium,
Sequencing
Project,
UK
Biobank,
Finnish
health
registry,
Million
Veterans
Program.
Risk
AD
evaluated
through
case-control
logistic
regression
analyses.
Data
were
analyzed
between
January
2023
March
2024.
Genetic
data
available
high-density
single-nucleotide
variant
microarrays
whole-genome
sequencing
summary
statistics
for
multitissue
expression
protein
quantitative
trait
loci
published
included,
enabling
follow-up
colocalization
A
total
1
629
863
eligible
participants
selected
referred
volunteer
samples,
477
596
whom
excluded
analysis
exclusion
criteria.
number
who
declined
to
participate
original
not
available.
Main
Outcome
Measures
AD,
reported
odds
ratios
(ORs)
with
95%
CIs.
Associations
considered
at
(
P
<
×
10
−5
)
genome-wide
5
−8
significance.
Primary
analyses
are
nonstratified,
while
secondary
evaluate
sex-stratified
effects.
Results
Analyses
included
152
284
non-Hispanic
White,
European
ancestry
(664
403
[57.7%]
female
487
881
[42.3%]
male),
including
138
558
individuals
Six
independent
passed
significance,
4
showing
support
links
signal
nearby
brain
nonbrain
tissues.
One
these
conservative
its
lead
centered
on
an
intron
SLC9A7
(OR,
1.03;
CI,
1.02-1.04)
prioritizing
both
CHST7
genes.
Of
6
loci,
displayed
evidence
escape
inactivation
regard
risk.
Conclusion
Relevance
XWAS
identified
novel
locus.
regulates
pH
homeostasis
Golgi
secretory
compartments
is
anticipated
have
downstream
effects
amyloid
β
accumulation.
Overall,
this
advances
our
knowledge
genetics
may
provide
biological
drug
targets.
results
further
initial
insights
into
elucidating
role
sex-based
differences
Brain medicine :,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 10
Published: Feb. 18, 2025
The
influence
of
gonadal
hormones
on
neurological
health
and
disease
is
a
rapidly
developing
domain
in
fundamental
clinical
neuroscience.
Sex
hormones,
directly
or
via
their
neurosteroid
metabolites,
impact
monoaminergic,
cholinergic,
peptidergic
neurotransmission
play
essential
roles
shaping
brain
organization
function
under
normal
pathological
conditions.
expression
various
disorders
may
be
modified
by
hormonal
fluctuations
related
to
the
menstrual
cycle,
pregnancy,
menopause,
oral
contraceptive
use.
Understanding
these
interactions
could
lead
targeted
antihormonal
therapies
for
diverse
conditions,
including
but
not
limited
catamenial
epilepsy,
Parkinson
disease,
acute
intermittent
porphyria.
