Journal of Separation Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
45(1), P. 210 - 222
Published: Sept. 7, 2021
Dispersive
liquid-liquid
microextraction
is
one
of
the
most
widely
used
techniques
currently
in
analytical
chemistry
field,
mainly
due
to
its
simplicity
and
rapidity.
The
operational
mode
this
approach
has
been
constantly
changing
since
introduction,
adapting
new
trends
applications.
Most
these
changes
are
related
nature
solvent
employed
for
microextraction.
From
classical
halogenated
solvents
(e.g.,
chloroform
or
dichloromethane),
different
alternatives
have
proposed
order
obtain
safer
non-pollutants
In
sense,
low-density
solvents,
such
as
alkanols,
switchable
hydrophobicity
ionic
liquids
were
first
popular
replacements
which
provided
similar
better
results
than
dispersive
solvents.
However,
despite
good
performances
obtained
with
liquids,
researchers
continued
investigating
even
greener
For
that
reason,
review,
evolution
over
last
five
years
three
types
already
mentioned
two
promising
(i.e.,
deep
eutectic
supramolecular
solvents),
studied
detail
purpose
discussing
provides
greenest
alternative.
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
173, P. 117627 - 117627
Published: Feb. 29, 2024
Botanicals
are
widely
used
and
marketed
as
food
supplements
or
cosmetics
with
particular
benefits
for
human
health.
products
manufactured
using
natural
components
derived
from
plants,
algae,
fungi
lichens.
Given
the
easy
accessibility
of
such
products,
it
is
essential
to
ensure
their
safety
by
guaranteeing
absence
chemical
microbiological
contamination.
Furthermore,
since
botanicals
they
consist
a
set
molecules
called
phytocomplex,
important
develop
standardised
methods
reproducibility.
Traditional
approaches
extraction
phytochemicals,
described
in
monographs
pharmacopoeias
international
authorities,
guarantee
product
integrity
low
levels
impurities
degradation
but
use
large
quantities
organic
solvents
long
timescales,
high
costs
environmental
impact.
A
green
chemistry
approach
preferable
improve
consumer
safety,
process
preserve
status.
This
can
be
achieved
advanced
that
have
proven
effective
molecules,
microwave-assisted
(MAE),
ultrasound-assisted
(UAE),
supercritical
fluid
(SFE)
pressurised
liquid
(PLE)
combined
GRAS
unconventional
solvents,
deep
eutectic
(NADES).
In
phase
fundamental
step
one
most
responsible
sustainability.
There
usually
many
parameters
need
monitored
optimised
optimized
conditions
these
techniques.
More
than
empirical
One
variable
at
time
(OVAT)
approach,
Design
Experiments
(DoE)
required
understand
effects
multidimensionality
interactions
input
factors
on
output
responses
phase.
To
date,
there
no
specific
metrics
phase,
therefore,
necessary
identify
impact
optimise
them
order
increase
eco-sustainability
analytical
process.
The
actual
review
provides
critical
analysis
current
procedures
aimed
provide
insights
into
strategies
both
efficiency
eco-sustainability.
Foods,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
8(7), P. 245 - 245
Published: July 5, 2019
Traditionally,
solid-liquid
extractions
are
performed
using
organic
and/or
inorganic
liquids
and
their
mixtures
as
extractant
solvents
in
contact
with
an
insoluble
solid
matrix
(e.g.,
the
Soxhlet
method)
or
sequential
atmospheric
pressure
systems
that
require
long
procedures,
such
maceration
percolation.
The
objective
of
this
procedure
is
extraction
any
compounds
can
be
carried
out
from
inner
material
to
outlet,
resulting
a
solution
containing
colorants,
bioactive
compounds,
odorous
substances,
etc.
Over
years,
techniques
sector,
there
have
been
many
important
changes
points
view
production,
quality,
human
environmental
safety
due
improvements
technology.
In
more
recent
times,
interest
scientific
community
has
aimed
at
study
sustainable
processes
for
valorization
extracts
vegetables
food
by-products,
through
use
non-conventional
(innovative)
technologies
represent
valid
alternative
conventional
methods,
generally
saving
time
energy
formation
fewer
by-products.
Therefore,
development
principles
based
on
prevention
pollution,
lower
risk
health,
low
impact,
new
implemented
reduce
times
solvent
consumption,
improve
efficiency,
increase
productivity
extracts.
From
point
view,
rapid
dynamic
(RSLDE),
Naviglio
extractor,
compared
traditional
applications,
technique
able
leads
higher
yields,
does
not
heating
system,
allows
one
extract
active
ingredients,
avoids
degradation.
This
principle
named
Naviglio's
principle.
review,
after
reviewing
latest
techniques,
overview
RSLDE
applications
various
research
production
sectors
over
past
two
decades
provided.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
23(7), P. 1685 - 1685
Published: July 11, 2018
The
increase
in
diet-related
chronic
diseases
has
prompted
the
search
for
health-promoting
compounds
and
methods
to
ensure
their
quality.
Blueberry
pomace
is
a
rich
yet
underutilized
source
of
bioactive
polyphenols.
For
these
high-value
molecules,
ultrasound-assisted
extraction
(USAE)
an
attractive
green
alternative
conventional
techniques
improving
purity
yields.
This
study
aimed
assess
impact
USAE
parameters
(sonication
time,
solvent
composition,
solid/liquid
ratio,
pH
temperature)
on
recovery
phenolic
from
blueberry
antioxidant
activity
extracts.
Total
phenolic,
flavonoid
anthocyanin
contents
(TPC,
TFC
TAC)
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH)
free
radical
scavenging
were
analysed.
50%
ethanol/water
was
most
efficient,
yielding
highest
TPC
(22.33
mg/g
dry
matter
(DM)),
(19.41
DM),
TAC
(31.32
DM)
DPPH
(41.79
mg
Trolox/g
DM).
water
showed
lowest
values
even
at
low
(1/40)
ratio
(7.85
DM,
3.49
18.96
DM
TPC,
TAC,
respectively).
Decreasing
or
ethanol
significantly
increased
TFC,
scavenging.
With
ethanol,
increasing
temperature
range
20⁻40
°C
decreased
but
activity.
Anthocyanin
profiles
ethanolic
extracts
qualitatively
similar,
consisting
malvidin,
delphinidin,
petunidin
cyanidin.
These
findings
indicate
that
method
choice
extracting
phenolics
pomace.
Selective
enrichment
different
fractions
possible
under
select
conditions.
