Cancers,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 1472 - 1472
Published: March 23, 2021
The
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
tumor
necrosis
factor
α
(TNFα)
and
interleukin
1β
(IL-1β)
are
expressed
simultaneously
have
tumor-promoting
roles
in
breast
cancer.
In
parallel,
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
undergo
conversion
at
the
site
to
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs),
which
generally
connected
enhanced
progression.
Here,
we
determined
impact
of
consistent
inflammatory
stimulation
on
stromal
cell
plasticity.
MSCs
that
were
persistently
stimulated
by
TNFα
+
IL-1β
(generally
14–18
days)
gained
a
CAF-like
morphology,
accompanied
prominent
changes
gene
expression,
including
stroma/fibroblast-related
genes.
These
elevated
levels
vimentin
fibroblast
activation
protein
(FAP)
demonstrated
significantly
increased
abilities
contract
collagen
gels.
Moreover,
they
phenotype
CAFs,
as
indicated
reduced
expression
smooth
muscle
actin
(αSMA),
proliferation,
genes
proteins,
primarily
chemokines.
CAFs
released
factors
dispersion,
scattering,
migration;
CAF-derived
cancer
migration
stimulating
chemokine
receptors
CCR2,
CCR5,
CXCR1/2
Ras-activating
receptors,
cells.
Together,
these
novel
findings
demonstrate
chronic
inflammation
can
induce
MSC-to-CAF
conversion,
leading
generation
CAFs.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(3), P. 376 - 376
Published: Jan. 20, 2021
Tumor
relapse
and
treatment
failure
are
unfortunately
common
events
for
cancer
patients,
thus
often
rendering
an
uncurable
disease.
Cancer
stem
cells
(CSCs)
a
subset
of
endowed
with
tumor-initiating
self-renewal
capacity,
as
well
high
adaptive
abilities.
Altogether,
these
features
contribute
to
CSC
survival
after
one
or
multiple
therapeutic
approaches,
leading
tumor
progression/relapse.
Thus,
elucidating
the
molecular
mechanisms
associated
stemness-driven
resistance
is
crucial
development
more
effective
drugs
durable
responses.
This
review
will
highlight
exploited
by
CSCs
overcome
different
strategies,
from
chemo-
radiotherapies
targeted
therapies
immunotherapies,
shedding
light
on
their
plasticity
insidious
trait
responsible
adaptation/escape.
Finally,
novel
CSC-specific
approaches
be
described,
providing
evidence
preclinical
clinical
applications.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 100775 - 100775
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Photodynamic
therapy
(PDT)
is
applied
as
a
robust
therapeutic
option
for
tumor,
which
exhibits
some
advantages
of
unique
selectivity
and
irreversible
damage
to
tumor
cells.
Among
which,
photosensitizer
(PS),
appropriate
laser
irradiation
oxygen
(O2)
are
three
essential
components
PDT,
but
the
hypoxic
microenvironment
(TME)
restricts
O2
supply
in
tissues.
Even
worse,
metastasis
drug
resistance
frequently
happen
under
condition,
further
deteriorate
antitumor
effect
PDT.
To
enhance
PDT
efficiency,
critical
attention
has
been
received
by
relieving
hypoxia,
innovative
strategies
on
this
topic
continue
emerge.
Traditionally,
supplement
strategy
considered
direct
effective
relieve
TME,
whereas
it
confronted
with
great
challenges
continuous
supply.
Recently,
O2-independent
provides
brand
new
can
avoid
influence
TME.
In
addition,
synergize
other
strategies,
such
chemotherapy,
immunotherapy,
photothermal
(PTT)
starvation
therapy,
remedy
inadequate
hypoxia
conditions.
paper,
we
summarized
latest
progresses
development
improve
efficacy
against
were
classified
into
O2-dependent
synergistic
therapy.
Furthermore,
deficiencies
various
also
discussed
envisage
prospects
future
study.
FEBS Journal,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
289(5), P. 1352 - 1368
Published: May 17, 2021
Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal
transition
(EMT),
a
process
through
which
epithelial
tumor
cells
acquire
mesenchymal
phenotypic
properties,
contributes
to
both
metastatic
dissemination
and
therapy
resistance
in
cancer.
Accumulating
evidence
indicates
that
nonepithelial
tumors,
including
melanoma,
can
also
gain
mesenchymal‐like
properties
increase
their
propensity
decrease
sensitivity
therapy.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
recent
findings,
illustrating
the
striking
similarities—but
knowledge
gaps—between
biology
of
state(s)
melanoma
from
cancers.
Based
on
comparative
analysis,
suggest
hypothesis‐driven
experimental
approaches
further
deepen
our
understanding
EMT‐like
how
such
investigations
may
pave
way
towards
identification
clinically
relevant
biomarkers
for
prognosis
new
therapeutic
strategies.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: June 11, 2021
As
the
main
protein
components
of
chromatin,
histones
play
central
roles
in
gene
regulation
as
spools
winding
DNA.
Histones
are
subject
to
various
modifications,
including
phosphorylation,
acetylation,
glycosylation,
methylation,
ubiquitination
and
citrullination,
which
affect
transcription.
Histone
a
posttranscriptional
modification
catalyzed
by
peptidyl
arginine
deiminase
(PAD)
enzymes,
is
involved
human
carcinogenesis.
In
this
study,
we
highlighted
functions
histone
citrullination
physiological
tumors.
Additionally,
because
involves
forming
neutrophil
extracellular
traps
(NETs),
relationship
between
NETs
tumors
was
illustrated.
Finally,
clinical
application
PAD
inhibitors
discussed.
iScience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
24(2), P. 102113 - 102113
Published: Jan. 28, 2021
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT),
an
evolutionary
conserved
phenomenon,
has
been
extensively
studied
to
address
the
unresolved
variable
treatment
response
across
therapeutic
regimes
in
cancer
subtypes.
EMT
long
envisaged
regulate
tumor
invasion,
migration,
and
resistance
during
tumorigenesis.
However,
recently
it
highlighted
that
involves
intermediate
partial
(pEMT)
phenotype,
defined
by
incomplete
loss
of
epithelial
markers
gain
mesenchymal
markers.
It
further
emphasized
pEMT
a
spectrum
hybrid
states
on
either
side
spectrum.
Emerging
evidence
underlines
bi-directional
crosstalk
between
cells
surrounding
microenvironment
acquisition
phenotype.
Although
much
work
is
still
ongoing
mechanistic
insights
into
regulation
evident
plays
critical
role
aggressiveness,
metastasis
along
with
resistance.
In
this
review,
we
focus
important
tumor-intrinsic
factors
driving
emphasize
engineered
controlled
microenvironments
are
instrumental
provide
biology.
We
also
discuss
significance
regulating
hallmarks
progression
i.e.
cell
cycle
regulation,
collective
constantly
evolving,
current
progress
momentum
field
holds
promise
unravel
new
targets
halt
at
early
stages
as
well
tackle
complex
observed
many
types.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
10(11), P. 1561 - 1561
Published: Nov. 16, 2020
Epithelial
mesenchymal
transition
(EMT)
is
a
complex
process
through
which
epithelial
(E)
cells
lose
their
adherens
junctions,
transform
into
(M)
and
attain
motility,
leading
to
metastasis
at
distant
organs.
Nowadays,
the
concept
of
EMT
has
shifted
from
binary
phase
interconversion
pure
E
M
vice
versa
spectrum
E/M
states
preferably
coined
as
hybrid/partial/intermediate
EMT.
Hybrid
EMT,
being
plastic
transient
state,
harbours
co-express
both
markers
exhibit
high
tumourigenic
properties,
stemness,
metastasis,
therapy
resistance.
Several
preclinical
clinical
studies
provided
evidence
co-existence
phenotypes.
Regulators
including
transcription
factors,
epigenetic
regulators
phenotypic
stability
factors
(PSFs)
help
in
maintaining
hybrid
state.
Computational
bioinformatics
approaches
may
be
excellent
for
identifying
new
or
combinations
regulatory
elements
that
govern
different
states.
Therapeutic
intervention
against
cells,
though
few,
evolve
rational
strategy
drug
This
review
attempted
present
recent
advancements
on
regulation
generates
phenotypes,
intermediate
setup,
impact
partial
promoting
tumourigenesis,
future
strategies
might
adapted
tackle
this
phenomenon.
Bioactive Materials,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
7, P. 504 - 514
Published: May 29, 2021
Copper-cysteamine
as
a
new
generation
of
sensitizers
can
be
activated
by
light,
X-rays,
microwaves,
or
ultrasound
to
produce
reactive
oxygen
species.
X-ray
induced
photodynamic
therapy
(X-PDT)
has
been
studied
extensively;
however,
most
the
studies
reported
so
far
were
conducted
in
laboratory,
which
is
not
conducive
clinical
translation
conditions.
In
this
contribution,
for
first
time,
we
investigated
treatment
efficiency
copper-cysteamine
(Cu-Cy)
based
X-PDT
mimicking
conditions
with
linear
accelerator
and
building
deep-seated
tumor
models
study
only
effectiveness
but
also
its
effects
on
cell
migration
proliferation
level
cell,
tissue,
animal.
The
results
showed
that,
without
irradiation,
Cu-Cy
nanoparticles
(NPs)
had
low
toxicity
HepG2,
SK-HEP-1,
Li-7,
4T1
cells
at
concentration
below
100
mg/L.
Interestingly,
it
was
observed
that
mediated
inhibit
these
lines
dose-dependent
manner.
Antigen
markers
proliferation,
proliferating
nuclear
antigen
(PCNA)
E-cadherin,
from
tissue
group
remarkably
different
control
group.
Furthermore,
MRI
assessment
inhibited
growth
deeply
located
tumors
mice
rabbits
(p
<
0.05)
any
obvious
toxicities
vivo.
Overall,
findings
demonstrate
NPs
have
safe
promising
application
prospect
improve
radiotherapy
(RT)
effectively
migration.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(12), P. 3435 - 3435
Published: Dec. 6, 2021
Epithelial
to
mesenchymal
transition
(EMT)
occurs
during
the
pathological
process
associated
with
tumor
progression
and
is
considered
influence
promote
metastatic
cascade.
Characterized
by
loss
of
cell
adhesion
apex
base
polarity,
EMT
enhances
motility
metastasis.
The
key
markers
epithelial
are
proteins
characteristic
phenotype,
e.g.,
E-cadherin,
cytokeratins,
occludin,
or
desmoplakin,
concentration
activity
which
reduced
this
process.
On
other
hand,
as
a
result
acquiring
characteristics
cells,
an
increased
amount
N-cadherin,
vimentin,
fibronectin,
vitronectin
observed.
Importantly,
cells
undergo
partial
where
some
show
both
characteristics.
significant
epigenetic
regulatory
mechanisms
observed
in
gene
expression
involved
EMT.
Among
modifications
accompanying
incorrect
genetic
reprogramming
cancer
changes
level
DNA
methylation
within
CpG
islands
posttranslational
covalent
histone
proteins.
All
modifications,
stable
but
reversible
changes,
affect
leading
development
disease,
consequently
uncontrolled
growth
population
cells.
