Pervasive shifts in forest dynamics in a changing world

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6494)

Published: May 28, 2020

Forest dynamics arise from the interplay of environmental drivers and disturbances with demographic processes recruitment, growth, mortality, subsequently driving biomass species composition. However, forest subsequent recovery are shifting global changes in climate land use, altering these dynamics. Changes drivers, disturbance regimes forcing forests toward younger, shorter stands. Rising carbon dioxide, acclimation, adaptation, migration can influence impacts. Recent developments Earth system models support increasingly realistic simulations vegetation In parallel, emerging remote sensing datasets promise qualitatively new more abundant data on underlying consequences for structure. When combined, advances hold improving scientific understanding demographics disturbances.

Language: Английский

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Soil microbiota as game-changers in restoration of degraded lands

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 375(6584)

Published: March 3, 2022

Land degradation reduces soil functioning and, consequently, the services that provides. Soil hydrological functions are critical to combat and promote restoration. microorganisms affect hydrology, but role of microbiota in forming sustaining is not well explored. Case studies indicate potential as game-changers restoring functions. We review state art microorganism use land restoration technology, groups with greatest for restoration, knowledge effect on physical properties, proposed strategies long-term degraded lands. also emphasize need advance emerging research field biophysical landscape interactions support soil-plant ecosystem practices.

Language: Английский

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Plant height and hydraulic vulnerability to drought and cold

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(29), P. 7551 - 7556

Published: July 2, 2018

Understanding how plants survive drought and cold is increasingly important as worldwide experience dieback with in moist places grow taller warming ones. Crucial plant climate adaptation are the diameters of water-transporting conduits. Sampling 537 species across zones dominated by angiosperms, we find that size unambiguously main driver conduit diameter variation. And because have wider conduits, conduits within more vulnerable to conduction-blocking embolisms, conspecifics should be than shorter ones, a prediction confirm plantation experiment. As result, maximum short under cold, which cause embolism, or increase if these pressures relax. That embolism vulnerability inseparably related helps explain why factors interact diameter, such warming, altering heights worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Representing the function and sensitivity of coastal interfaces in Earth system models

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: May 18, 2020

Between the land and ocean, diverse coastal ecosystems transform, store, transport material. Across these interfaces, dynamic exchange of energy matter is driven by hydrological hydrodynamic processes such as river groundwater discharge, tides, waves, storms. These dynamics regulate ecosystem functions Earth's climate, yet global models lack representation related feedbacks, impeding their predictions responses to change. Here, we assess existing monitoring networks regional models, challenges in efforts, recommend a path towards development that more robustly reflect interface.

Language: Английский

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A theory of pulse dynamics and disturbance in ecology

Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 100(7)

Published: April 24, 2019

We propose four postulates as the minimum set of logical propositions necessary for a theory pulse dynamics and disturbance in ecosystems: (1) resource characterizes magnitude, rate, duration change caused by events, including continuing changes resources that are result abiotic biotic processes; (2) energy flux flow controls variation rates assimilation across ecosystems; (3) patch distribution patches over space time, resulting patterns diversity, ecosystem structure, cross-scale feedbacks pulses (4) trait diversity evolutionary responses to and, turn, way affects during after events. apply an important class biomass-altering disturbances, derive seven generalizations predict trajectory, rate change, probability, diversification at scales, ecological functional resilience. Ultimately, must define variable combinations dynamic stability, comprising resistance, recovery, adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Contrasting resistance and resilience to extreme drought and late spring frost in five major European tree species

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 3781 - 3792

Published: Aug. 22, 2019

Abstract Extreme climate events (ECEs) such as severe droughts, heat waves, and late spring frosts are rare but exert a paramount role in shaping tree species distributions. The frequency of ECEs is expected to increase with warming, threatening the sustainability temperate forests. Here, we analyzed 2,844 tree‐ring width series five dominant European from 104 Swiss sites ranging 400 2,200 m a.s.l. for period 1930–2016. We found that (a) broadleaved oak beech sensitive strongly reduce current year growth; however, growth highly resilient fully recovers within 2 years; (b) radial conifers larch spruce enduringly reduced by droughts—these least resistant droughts; (c) oak, silver fir, lower extent beech, show higher resistance resilience droughts seem therefore better adapted future climate. Our results allow robust comparison responses drought frost across large climatic gradients provide striking evidence some most abundant economically important will be increasingly limited warming. These could serve supporting selection maintain forest ecosystem services under ECEs.

Language: Английский

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Droughts, Wildfires, and Forest Carbon Cycling: A Pantropical Synthesis

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 555 - 581

Published: May 30, 2019

Tropical woody plants store ∼230 petagrams of carbon (PgC) in their aboveground living biomass. This review suggests that these stocks are currently growing primary forests at rates have decreased recent decades. Droughts an important mechanism reducing forest C uptake and by decreasing photosynthesis, elevating tree mortality, increasing autotrophic respiration, promoting wildfires. were a source to the atmosphere during 2015–2016 El Niño–related drought, with some estimates suggesting up 2.3 PgC released. With continued climate change, intensity frequency droughts fires will likely increase. It is unclear what point impacts severe, repeated disturbances drought could exceed tropical forests’ capacity recover. Although specific threshold conditions beyond which ecosystem properties lead alternative stable states largely unknown, body scientific evidence points such becoming more as land use change across tropics. ▪ reduced Threshold pushed into effects intensify.

Language: Английский

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The megabiota are disproportionately important for biosphere functioning

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 4, 2020

A prominent signal of the Anthropocene is extinction and population reduction megabiota-the largest animals plants on planet. However, we lack a predictive framework for sensitivity megabiota during times rapid global change how they impact functioning ecosystems biosphere. Here, extend metabolic scaling theory use simulation models to demonstrate that (i) are more prone due human land use, hunting, climate change; (ii) loss has negative ecosystem metabolism functioning; (iii) their will continue significantly decrease biosphere functioning. Global simulations show continued large alone could lead 44%, 18% 92% in terrestrial heterotrophic biomass, metabolism, fertility respectively. Our findings suggest policies emphasize promotion trees have disproportionate biodiversity, processes, mitigation.

Language: Английский

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High Mountain Areas

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 131 - 202

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

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Language: Английский

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Evaluation of morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits for assessing drought resistance in eleven tree species

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 779, P. 146466 - 146466

Published: March 18, 2021

Language: Английский

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