The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent long COVID symptoms: staggered cohort study of data from the UK, Spain, and Estonia

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 225 - 236

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

BackgroundAlthough vaccines have proved effective to prevent severe COVID-19, their effect on preventing long-term symptoms is not yet fully understood. We aimed evaluate the overall of vaccination long COVID and assess comparative effectiveness most used (ChAdOx1 BNT162b2).MethodsWe conducted a staggered cohort study using primary care records from UK (Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD] GOLD AURUM), Catalonia, Spain (Information System for in Primary Care [SIDIAP]), national health insurance claims Estonia (CORIVA database). All adults who were registered at least 180 days as Jan 4, 2021 (the UK), Feb 20, (Spain), 28, (Estonia) comprised source population. Vaccination status was time-varying exposure, by vaccine rollout period. Vaccinated people further classified brand according first dose received. The outcome definition defined having one 25 WHO-listed between 90 365 after date PCR-positive test or clinical diagnosis with no history that symptom before SARS-Cov-2 infection. Propensity score overlap weighting applied separately each minimise confounding. Sub-distribution hazard ratios (sHRs) calculated estimate against COVID, empirically calibrated negative control outcomes. Random effects meta-analyses across cohorts pool estimates.FindingsA total 1 618 395 (CPRD GOLD), 5 729 800 2 744 821 (SIDIAP), 77 603 (CORIVA) vaccinated 640 371 860 564 588 518 302 267 unvaccinated included. Compared people, HRs any COVID-19 0·54 (95% CI 0·44–0·67) CPRD GOLD, 0·48 (0·34–0·68) AURUM, 0·71 (0·55–0·91) SIDIAP, 0·59 (0·40–0·87) CORIVA. A slightly stronger preventative seen BNT162b2 than ChAdOx1 (sHR 0·85 [0·60–1·20] 0·84 [0·74–0·94] AURUM).InterpretationVaccination consistently reduced risk symptoms, which highlights importance persistent particularly adults.FundingNational Institute Health Research.

Language: Английский

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Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against post-covid-19 condition among 589 722 individuals in Sweden: population based cohort study

BMJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e076990 - e076990

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Abstract Objective To investigate the effectiveness of primary covid-19 vaccination (first two doses and first booster dose within recommended schedule) against post-covid-19 condition (PCC). Design Population based cohort study. Setting Swedish Covid-19 Investigation for Future Insights—a Epidemiology Approach using Register Linkage (SCIFI-PEARL) project, a register study in Sweden. Participants All adults (≥18 years) with registered between 27 December 2020 9 February 2022 (n=589 722) largest regions Individuals were followed from infection until death, emigration, vaccination, reinfection, PCC diagnosis (ICD-10 code U09.9), or end follow-up (30 November 2022), whichever came first. who had received at least one vaccine before considered vaccinated. Main outcome measure The was clinical PCC. Vaccine estimated Cox regressions adjusted age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes cardiovascular, respiratory, psychiatric disease), number healthcare contacts during 2019, socioeconomic factors, dominant virus variant time infection. Results Of 299 692 vaccinated individuals covid-19, 1201 (0.4%) follow-up, compared 4118 (1.4%) 290 030 unvaccinated individuals. any associated reduced risk (adjusted hazard ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.38 to 0.46), 58%. individuals, 21 111 only, 205 650 doses, 72 931 three more doses. dose, 21%, 59%, 73%, respectively. Conclusions results this suggest strong association receiving findings highlight importance reduce population burden

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections and Long COVID in the Post-Omicron Phase of the Pandemic

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(16), P. 12962 - 12962

Published: Aug. 19, 2023

We are reviewing the current state of knowledge on virological and immunological correlates long COVID, focusing recent evidence for possible association between increasing number SARS-CoV-2 reinfections parallel pandemic COVID. The severity largely depends initial episode; in turn, this is determined both by a combination genetic factors, particularly related to innate immune response, pathogenicity specific variant, especially its ability infect induce syncytia formation at lower respiratory tract. cumulative risk COVID as well various cardiac, pulmonary, or neurological complications increases proportionally infections, primarily elderly. Therefore, cases expected remain high future. Reinfections apparently increase likelihood but less so if they mild asymptomatic children adolescents. Strategies prevent urgently needed, among older adults who have higher burden comorbidities. Follow-up studies using an established case definition precise diagnostic criteria people with without reinfection may further elucidate contribution burden. Although accumulating supports vaccination, before after infection, preventive strategy reduce more robust comparative observational studies, including randomized trials, needed provide conclusive effectiveness vaccination preventing mitigating all age groups. Thankfully, answers not only prevention, also treatment options rates recovery from gradually starting emerge.

Language: Английский

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Association of nirmatrelvir for acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with subsequent Long COVID symptoms in an observational cohort study

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Oral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is approved as treatment for acute COVID-19, but the effect of during infection on risk Long COVID unknown. We hypothesized that nirmatrelvir SARS-CoV-2 reduces developing and rebound after associated with COVID. conducted an observational cohort study within Covid Citizen Science (CCS) study, online over 100 000 participants. included vaccinated, nonhospitalized, nonpregnant individuals who reported their first positive test March-August 2022. was ascertained infection. Patient-reported symptoms, symptom test-positivity were asked subsequent surveys at least 3 months A total 4684 met eligibility criteria, whom 988 (21.1%) treated 3696 (78.9%) untreated; 353/988 (35.7%) 1258/3696 (34.0%) untreated responded to survey (n = 1611). Among 1611 participants, median age 55 years 66% female. At 5.4 ± 1.3 infection, not symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-1.64; p 0.45). 666 answered questions, or positivity (OR: 1.34; CI: 0.74-2.41; 0.33). Within this nonhospitalized individuals, oral more than 90 days

Language: Английский

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Is Vaccination Approaching a Dangerous Tipping Point?

JAMA, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 331(4), P. 283 - 283

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

This Viewpoint discusses declining vaccination rates in the US, specifically against COVID-19, and ways which clinicians Food Drug Administration can counter current large volume of vaccine misinformation.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID in pediatrics—epidemiology, diagnosis, and management

European Journal of Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 183(4), P. 1543 - 1553

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Abstract This review summarizes current knowledge on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) in children adolescents. A literature was performed to synthesize information from clinical studies, expert opinions, guidelines. PASC also termed Long COVID — at any age comprise a plethora unspecific symptoms present later than 4 weeks after confirmed or probable infection with severe respiratory syndrome corona virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), without another medical explanation. PCC adolescents defined by the WHO as occurring within 3 months acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), lasting least months, limiting daily activities. Pediatric mostly manifest mild courses majority cases remit few months. However, can last for more 1 year may result significant disability. Frequent include fatigue, exertion intolerance, anxiety. Some patients postural tachycardia (PoTS), small number fulfill criteria myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS). To date, no diagnostic marker has been established, differential diagnostics remains challenging. Therapeutic approaches appropriate self-management well palliation non-pharmaceutical pharmaceutical strategies. Conclusion : pediatrics heterogenous severity duration. stepped, interdisciplinary, individualized approach is essential management. Current health care structures have be adapted, research extended meet psychosocial needs young people similar conditions. What Known: • Post-acute (COVID-19) lead activity limitation reduced quality life. belongs large group syndromes (PAIS). Specific biomarkers causal treatment options are not yet available. New: In February 2023, case definition post provided World Health Organization (WHO), indicating duration Interdisciplinary collaborations necessary established worldwide offer harmonized, multimodal diagnosis management PASC/PCC

Language: Английский

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Updated Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Long COVID

Infection and Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 122 - 122

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

"Long COVID" is a term used to describe condition when the symptoms and signs associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) persist for more than three months among patients infected COVID-19; this has been reported globally poses serious public health issue. Long COVID can manifest in various forms, highlighting need appropriate evaluation management by experts from fields. However, due lack of clear clinical definitions, knowledge pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, treatment protocols, it necessary develop best standard guidelines based on scientific evidence date. We developed guideline diagnosing treating long analyzing latest research data collected start COVID-19 pandemic until June 2023, along consensus expert opinions. This provides recommendations diagnosis that be applied practice, total 32 key questions related COVID. The should comprehensive, including medical history, physical examination, blood tests, imaging studies, functional tests. To reduce risk developing COVID, vaccination antiviral during acute phase are recommended. will revised there reasonable updates availability new

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: a systematic review

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Long COVID syndrome has had a major impact on million patients' lives worldwide. The cardiovascular system is an important aspect of this multifaceted disease that may manifest in many ways. We have hereby performed narrative review order to identify the extent manifestations syndrome.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 50(2), P. 61 - 68

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

T-cell-mediated immunity is essential for controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) infection, preventing disease, and potentially reducing the risk of long-term disease (COVID). This study investigated impact natural vaccination, hybrid on T-cell responses, with a particular emphasis role memory T-cells in COVID-19. The present reviewed current literature including development, individuals SARS-CoV-2 those vaccinated messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, immunity. It examined studies that compared activity, immune regulation, prevalence COVID-19 across these groups. Natural infection induces variable cases showing stronger but sometimes dysregulated immunological which may contribute to prolonged Vaccination, particularly mRNA elicits targeted consistent T-cells, severity, incidence Hybrid combines provides most robust protection, enhanceds reduces through balanced regulation. Memory play critical mitigating Vaccination significantly enhances immunity, minimizing chronic symptoms alone. effective defense, emphasizing importance even after prevent

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and risk factors of long COVID 6–12 months after infection with the Omicron variant among nonhospitalized patients in Hong Kong

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(6)

Published: June 1, 2023

Abstract Long COVID has been reported among patients with COVID‐19, but little is known about the prevalence and risk factors associated long 6–12 months after infection Omicron variant. This a large‐scale retrospective study. A total of 6242 out 12 950 nonhospitalized subjects all ages SARS‐CoV‐2 (confirmed by polymerase chain reaction/rapid antigen test) during dominant outbreak (December 31, 2021–May 6, 2022) in Hong Kong were included. Prevalence COVID, frequencies symptoms, analyzed. Three thousand four hundred thirty (55.0%) at least one symptom. The most symptom was fatigue (1241, 36.2%). Female gender, middle age, obesity, comorbidities, vaccination infection, having more presenting fatigue/chest tightness/headache/diarrhea acute stage illness identified as for COVID. Patients who had received three or doses vaccine not lower (adjusted odds ratio 1.105, 95% confidence interval 0.985–1.239, p = 0.088). Among vaccine, there no significant difference between CoronaVac BNT162b2 ( > 0.05). can lead to proportion infection. Further investigation needed uncover mechanisms underlying development determine impact various such vaccines.

Language: Английский

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