Susceptibility and Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Variants to LCB1 and Its Multivalent Derivatives DOI Creative Commons
Hongliang Jin,

Yani Gong,

Lin Cheng

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 36 - 36

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

LCB1 is a computationally designed three-helix miniprotein that precisely targets the spike (S) receptor-binding motif (RBM) of SARS-CoV-2, exhibiting remarkable antiviral efficacy; however, emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants could substantially compromise its neutralization effectiveness. In this study, we constructed two multivalent fusion proteins termed LCB1T and LCB1T-Fc, characterized their potency in inhibiting pseudovirus authentic virus vitro. inhibition various variants, exhibited markedly improved inhibitory activities compared to as anticipated; it was observed relative D614G mutation hosting variant, Delta, Lambda, Omicron BQ.1.1, XBB, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1 caused degrees resistance proteins' inhibition, with showing high-level resistance. Moreover, demonstrated bat coronavirus RaTG13 pangolin PCoV-GD/PCoV-GX were highly sensitive proteins, but not LCB1, inhibition. Importantly, our findings revealed notable decrease blocking capacity inhibitor on interaction between virus's RBD/S cell receptor ACE2 when confronted XBB variant WT BA.1 variant. conclusion, studies provide valuable insights into profiling inhibitors offer promising avenue for development novel broad-spectrum therapeutics.

Language: Английский

Exploring the Role of Immune System and Inflammatory Cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 Induced Lung Disease: A Narrative Review DOI Creative Commons
Claudio Tirelli, Mara De Amici, Cristina Albrici

et al.

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 177 - 177

Published: Jan. 22, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of disease 19 (COVID-19). COVID-19 can manifest with a heterogenous spectrum severity, from mild upper airways infection to severe interstitial pneumonia and devastating distress (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 may induce an over activation immune system release high concentrations pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading “cytokine storm”, recognized pathogenetic mechanism in genesis SARS-CoV-2-induced lung disease. This overproduction inflammatory cytokines has been as poor prognostic factor, since it lead progression, organ failure, ARDS death. Moreover, shows dysregulated activity, particularly through activated macrophages T-helper cells co-occurrent exhaustion lymphocytes. We carried out non-systematic literature review aimed at providing overview current knowledge on pathologic mechanisms played by inflammation An potential treatments for this harmful condition contrasting storm” also presented. Finally, look experimented experimental vaccines against included.

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Role of antiviral CD8+ T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Vivien Karl, Maike Hofmann, Robert Thimme

et al.

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly enhanced our understanding of CD8+ T cell immunity and their role in natural infection vaccine-induced protection. Rapid early SARS-CoV-2-specific responses have been associated with efficient viral clearance mild disease. Virus-specific can compensate for waning, morbidity-related, iatrogenic reduction humoral immunity. After or vaccination, memory cells are formed, which mount an recall response the event breakthrough help to protect from severe Due breadth ability target mainly highly conserved epitopes, also able cross-recognize epitopes variants, thus maintaining even after emergence evolution. In some cases, however, may contribute pathogenesis COVID-19. particular, delayed uncontrolled, e.g., nonspecific hyperactivated, cytotoxic linked poor outcomes. this minireview, we summarize tremendous knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 vaccination that gained over past 5 years, while highlighting critical gaps remain.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Potential immune evasion of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variants DOI Creative Commons
Luyi Chen, Ying He, Hongye Liu

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a global pandemic. The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) was first discovered in November 2021 specimens collected from Botswana, South Africa. become dominant worldwide, and several sublineages or subvariants have been identified recently. Compared to those of other mutants, most highly expressed amino acid mutations, with almost 60 mutations throughout genome, are spike (S) protein, especially receptor-binding domain (RBD). These increase binding affinity variants for ACE2 receptor, may also lead immune escape. Despite causing milder symptoms, epidemiological evidence suggests that exceptionally higher transmissibility, rates reinfection greater spread than prototype strain as well preceding variants. Additionally, overwhelming amounts data suggest levels specific neutralization antibodies against decrease vaccinated populations, although CD4 + CD8 T-cell responses maintained. Therefore, mechanisms underlying evasion still unclear. In this review, we surveyed current epidemic status potential escape Especially, focused on roles viral epitope antigenic drift, hybrid immunity, “original sin” mediating evasion. insights might supply more valuable concise information us understand spreading

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Deciphering the omicron variant: integrated omics analysis reveals critical biomarkers and pathophysiological pathways DOI Creative Commons

Qianyue Yang,

Zhiwei Lin, Mingshan Xue

et al.

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

The rapid emergence and global dissemination of the Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 have posed formidable challenges in public health. This scenario underscores urgent need for an enhanced understanding Omicron's pathophysiological mechanisms to guide clinical management shape health strategies. Our study is aimed at deciphering intricate molecular underlying infections, particularly focusing on identification specific biomarkers.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
The Outcome of BA.5 Omicron in Transplant Cases: A Retrospective Single-center Study in Jeddah Saudi Arabia DOI Creative Commons

Mona Bahasan,

Ghaliah A. Alhaqas,

Salma Ayman Almosallam

et al.

Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 22 - 29

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Introduction: The global incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased significantly due to the Omicron wave. interaction between host factors, including immune status and vaccination history, along with circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant, collectively influences clinical outcomes following exposure COVID-19. Material Methods: This retrospective study examined patients infected COVID-19 during BA.5 wave at King Faisal Specialist Hospital Research Center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results: A total 25 were included study, comprising 12 (48%) males 13 (52%) females. Despite most having multiple underlying chronic medical conditions a mean age 48 years, isolated home. Three (12%) asymptomatic, 17 (68%) experienced mild symptoms, 1 (4%) developed pneumonia not requiring oxygen, 2 (8%) required low-flow invasive ventilation. 22 (88%) had received vaccinations, 6 (24%) receiving doses, 3 4 doses. Mortality was reported patients; however, no deaths observed among renal transplant recipient variant. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that who underwent transplantation variant lower mortality rates shorter ICU stays compared those BA.1 or BA.2 outcome may be attributed higher proportion three doses vaccine.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Motif Linear Epitopes DOI Creative Commons
M. Monteiro, Guilherme C. Lechuga, Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 342 - 342

Published: March 22, 2024

The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a significant economic and social burden on global scale. Even though the pandemic concluded, apprehension remains regarding emergence highly transmissible variants capable evading immunity induced by either vaccination or prior infection. success viral penetration is due specific amino acid residues receptor-binding motif (RBM) involved in attachment. This region interacts with cellular receptor ACE2, triggering neutralizing antibody (nAb) response. In this study, we evaluated serum immunogenicity from individuals who received single dose combination different vaccines against original strain mutated linear RBM. Despite modest response wild-type RBM, Omicron exhibit four mutations RBM (S477N, T478K, E484A, F486V) that result even lower titers. primary immune responses observed were directed toward IgA IgG. While nAbs typically target RBD, our investigation unveiled reduced seroreactivity within RBD’s crucial subregion, deficiency may have implications for generation protective nAbs. An evaluation S1WT S2WT peptides binding using microscale thermophoresis revealed higher affinity (35 nM) sequence (GSTPCNGVEGFNCYF), which includes FNCY patch. Our findings suggest not an immunodominant vaccinated individuals. Comprehending intricate dynamics humoral response, its interplay evolution, host genetics formulating effective strategies, targeting only but also anticipating potential future coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Viral load dynamics in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients during Omicron BA.2 outbreak in Shanghai, China, 2022: a longitudinal cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Jingwen Ai, Jiaxin Zhou, Yang Li

et al.

Virologica Sinica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, particularly the Omicron BA.2 variant, led to a significant surge in Shanghai, 2022. However, viral load dynamic infections with varying clinical severities remain unclear. This prospective cohort included 48,830 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across three hospitals China, between 23 March and 15 May, Systematic nucleic acid testing was performed using RT-PCR Cycle threshold (Ct) value as proxy of load. We analyzed kinetic characteristics shedding by severity identified associated risk factors. study comprised 31.06% asymptomatic cases, 67.66% mild-moderate 1.00% severe 0.29% critical fatal cases. Upon admission, 57% tested positive, peak observed at 4 days (median Ct 27.5), followed decrease an average time (VST) 6.1 (Interquartile range, 4.0-8.8 days). Although exhibited variation age severity, values occurred similar times. Unvaccinated status, exceeding 60, comorbidities including hypertension, renal issues kidney dialysis transplantation, neurological disorders, rheumatism, psychotic conditions were found correlate elevated extended VST. Asymptomatic cases demonstrated 40% likelihood contagiousness within 6 detection, while post-symptom resolution infectious probabilities 27% over 50%, respectively. These findings revealed that initial serve predictive indicator outcomes. elderly individuals particular are high-risk for prolonged

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Targeting viral suppressor of RNAi confers anti-coronaviral activity DOI
Jiyao Chen, Jingfang Mu,

Kangping Zhou

et al.

Molecular Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses wane profoundly in convalescent individuals 10 months after primary infection DOI Creative Commons
Ziwei Li,

Tiandan Xiang,

Boyun Liang

et al.

Virologica Sinica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 606 - 619

Published: July 4, 2023

A key question in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is duration of specific T cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) post primary infection, which difficult to address due large-scale COVID-19 vaccination and re-exposure virus. Here, we conducted an analysis long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific a unique cohort convalescent individuals (CIs) that were among first be infected worldwide without any possible antigen since then. The magnitude breadth correlated inversely with time had elapsed from onset age those CIs. mean CD4 CD8 decreased about 82% 76%, respectively, over period ten months after infection. Accordingly, longitudinal also demonstrated waned significantly 75% CIs during follow-up. Collectively, provide comprehensive characterization memory response CIs, suggesting robust immunity infection may less durable than previously expected.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Delta (B.1.617.2) inactivated vaccine candidate elicited neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants in rhesus macaques DOI Creative Commons
Yanjun Zhang, Haiyan Mao,

Li Ju

et al.

Virologica Sinica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 627 - 630

Published: May 26, 2023

• The Delta inactivated vaccine constructed in this study has high immunogenicity and good safety. cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. exhibited productivity genetic stability production.

Language: Английский

Citations

2