Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: an overview of evidence, biomarkers, mechanisms and potential therapies

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(4), P. 695 - 709

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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The immunology of long COVID

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(10), P. 618 - 634

Published: July 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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ME/CFS and Long COVID share similar symptoms and biological abnormalities: road map to the literature

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 2, 2023

Some patients remain unwell for months after "recovering" from acute COVID-19. They develop persistent fatigue, cognitive problems, headaches, disrupted sleep, myalgias and arthralgias, post-exertional malaise, orthostatic intolerance other symptoms that greatly interfere with their ability to function can leave some people housebound disabled. The illness (Long COVID) is similar myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) as well persisting illnesses follow a wide variety of infectious agents following major traumatic injury. Together, these are projected cost the U.S. trillions dollars. In this review, we first compare ME/CFS Long COVID, noting considerable similarities few differences. We then in extensive detail underlying pathophysiology two conditions, focusing on abnormalities central autonomic nervous system, lungs, heart, vasculature, immune gut microbiome, energy metabolism redox balance. This comparison highlights how strong evidence each abnormality, illness, helps set priorities future investigation. review provides current road map literature biology both illnesses.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenic mechanisms of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 22, 2023

COVID-19, with persistent and new onset of symptoms such as fatigue, post-exertional malaise, cognitive dysfunction that last for months impact everyday functioning, is referred to Long COVID under the general category post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). PASC highly heterogenous may be associated multisystem tissue damage/dysfunction including acute encephalitis, cardiopulmonary syndromes, fibrosis, hepatobiliary damages, gastrointestinal dysregulation, myocardial infarction, neuromuscular neuropsychiatric disorders, pulmonary damage, renal failure, stroke, vascular endothelial dysregulation. A better understanding pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying essential guide prevention treatment. This review addresses potential hypotheses connect long-term health consequences. Comparisons between other virus-initiated chronic syndromes myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome postural orthostatic tachycardia will addressed. Aligning identifying potentially regulated common underlining pathways necessary true nature PASC. The discussed contributors include from injury one or more organs, reservoirs replicating virus its remnants in several tissues, re-activation latent pathogens Epstein-Barr herpes viruses COVID-19 immune-dysregulated environment, interactions host microbiome/virome communities, clotting/coagulation dysfunctional brainstem/vagus nerve signaling, dysautonomia autonomic dysfunction, ongoing activity primed immune cells, autoimmunity due molecular mimicry pathogen proteins. individualized suggests different therapeutic approaches required best manage specific patients.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic memory of coronavirus infection in innate immune cells and their progenitors

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(18), P. 3882 - 3902.e24

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and clinical presentation of long COVID in children: a systematic review

European Journal of Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 181(12), P. 3995 - 4009

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

A systematic literature review was conducted up to 15th February 2022 summarize long COVID evidence and assess prevalence clinical presentation in children adolescents. Articles reporting symptoms based on original data the paediatric population were included. Case series quality assessed through JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. For observational studies, adherence STROBE checklist evaluated. Twenty-two articles included: 19 studies (12 cohort/7 cross-sectional) 3 case series. Nine provided a control group. We found high variability terms of (1.6-70%). The most frequently reported fatigue (2-87%), headache (3.5-80%), arthro-myalgias (5.4-66%), chest tightness or pain (1.4-51%), dyspnoea (2-57.1%). Five limitations daily function due COVID. Alterations at brain imaging described one study, transient electrocardiographic abnormalities minority children, while authors did not long-term pulmonary sequelae. Older age, female sex, previous pathological conditions more associated with persistent symptoms.Long is limited, heterogeneous, low-quality studies. lockdown consequences are difficult distinguish from symptoms. High-quality required: WHO definition should be used, controlled encouraged, impact new variants investigated ensure an objective analysis characteristics proper allocation healthcare system resources.• Children rarely develop severe respiratory disease acute phase COVID-19. • limited number patients multisystem inflammatory condition that can lead multiorgan failure shock.• Persistent after SARS-CoV-2 infection affect school attendance. Functional complaints post-acute distinguished those social restrictions.

Language: Английский

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Increased interleukin-6 is associated with long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: April 24, 2023

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can involve persistence, sequelae, and other clinical complications that last weeks to months evolve into long COVID-19. Exploratory studies have suggested interleukin-6 (IL-6) is related COVID-19; however, the correlation between IL-6 COVID-19 unknown. We designed a systematic review meta-analysis assess relationship levels Methods Databases were systematically searched for articles with data on published before September 2022. A total of 22 eligible inclusion following PRISMA guidelines. Analysis was undertaken by using Cochran's Q test Higgins I-squared ( I 2 ) statistic heterogeneity. Random-effect meta-analyses conducted pool patients compare differences in among COVID-19, healthy, non-postacute sequelae severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection (non-PASC), populations. The funnel plot Egger's used potential publication bias. Sensitivity analysis stability results. Results An increase observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. pooled estimate revealed mean value 20.92 pg/ml (95% CI = 9.30–32.54 pg/ml, 100%, P < 0.01) patients. forest showed high compared healthy controls (mean difference 9.75 95% 5.75–13.75 0.00001) PASC category 3.32 0.22–6.42 88%, 0.04). symmetry plots not obvious, Egger’s there no significant small study effect all groups. Conclusions This increased correlates Such an informative revelation suggests as basic determinant predict or at least inform “early stage”

Language: Английский

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Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 13 - 13

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Interleukins (ILs) are signaling molecules that crucial in regulating immune responses during infectious diseases. Pro-inflammatory ILs contribute to the activation and recruitment of cells, whereas anti-inflammatory help suppress excessive inflammation promote tissue repair. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview role pro-inflammatory diseases, with focus on mechanisms underlying their effects, diagnostic therapeutic potential, emerging trends IL-based therapies.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic trials for long COVID-19: A call to action from the interventions taskforce of the RECOVER initiative

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 9, 2023

Although most individuals recover from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, a significant number continue to suffer Post-Acute Sequelae of (PASC), including the unexplained symptoms that are frequently referred as long COVID, which could last for weeks, months, or even years after phase illness. The National Institutes Health is currently funding large multi-center research programs part its Researching COVID Enhance Recover (RECOVER) initiative understand why some do not fully COVID-19. Several ongoing pathobiology studies have provided clues potential mechanisms contributing this condition. These include persistence antigen and/or genetic material, immune dysregulation, reactivation other latent viral infections, microvascular dysfunction, and gut dysbiosis, among others. our understanding causes remains incomplete, these early pathophysiologic suggest biological pathways be targeted in therapeutic trials aim ameliorate symptoms. Repurposed medicines novel therapeutics deserve formal testing clinical trial settings prior adoption. While we endorse trials, especially those prioritize inclusion diverse populations affected by COVID-19 discourage off-label experimentation uncontrolled unsupervised settings. Here, review ongoing, planned, future interventions based on current pathobiological processes underlying We focus clinical, pharmacological, feasibility data, with goal informing interventional studies.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in post-COVID-19 syndrome: a major health-care burden

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 379 - 395

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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