The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Food Intake in Fish: A Review of Current Knowledge

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Nov. 29, 2016

Fish are the most diversified group of vertebrates and, although progress has been made in past years, only relatively few fish species have examined to date, with regards endocrine regulation feeding fish. In fish, as mammals, behavior is ultimately regulated by central effectors within centers brain, which receive and process information from signals both brain peripheral tissues. Although basic mechanisms regulating appear be conserved among vertebrates, major physiological differences between mammals diversity particular regard habits, digestive tract anatomy physiology, suggest existence fish- species-specific mechanisms. This review provides an overview hormones known regulate food intake emphasizing on main groups studied date.

Language: Английский

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The hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis: Tales of mice and men

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 3 - 17

Published: Dec. 6, 2017

Language: Английский

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Evolution of neuropeptide signalling systems

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 221(3)

Published: Feb. 1, 2018

ABSTRACT Neuropeptides are a diverse class of neuronal signalling molecules that regulate physiological processes and behaviour in animals. However, determining the relationships evolutionary origins heterogeneous assemblage neuropeptides identified range phyla has presented huge challenge for comparative physiologists. Here, we review revolutionary insights into evolution neuropeptide have been obtained recently through analysis genome/transcriptome sequence data by ‘deorphanisation’ receptors. The at least 30 systems traced to common ancestor protostomes deuterostomes. Furthermore, two rounds genome duplication gave rise an expanded repertoire vertebrate lineage, enabling neofunctionalisation and/or subfunctionalisation, but with lineage-specific gene loss additional or duplications generating complex patterns phylogenetic distribution paralogous systems. We entering new era research where it become feasible compare roles orthologous wide phyla. Moreover, ambitious mission reconstruct function animal kingdom now represents tangible future.

Language: Английский

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The gonadotropin-releasing hormones: Lessons from fish

General and Comparative Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 291, P. 113422 - 113422

Published: Feb. 15, 2020

Language: Английский

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The evolution and nomenclature of GnRH-type and corazonin-type neuropeptide signaling systems

General and Comparative Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 264, P. 64 - 77

Published: June 14, 2017

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was first discovered in mammals on account of its effect triggering pituitary release gonadotropins and the importance this discovery recognized forty years ago award 1977 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Investigation evolution GnRH revealed that GnRH-type signaling systems occur throughout chordates, including agnathans (e.g. lampreys) urochordates sea squirts). Furthermore, adipokinetic (AKH) is ligand a receptor arthropod Drosophila melanogaster provided evidence antiquity signaling. However, occurrence other AKH-like peptides arthropods, which include corazonin AKH/corazonin-related peptide (ACP), has complicated efforts to reconstruct evolutionary history family related neuropeptides. Genome/transcriptome sequencing both receptors corazonin-type lophotrochozoan protostomes (annelids, mollusks) deuterostomian invertebrates (cephalochordates, hemichordates, echinoderms). act as ligands have been identified mollusks. what lacking experimental distinct peptide-receptor pathways deuterostomes. Importantly, we recently reported identification two neuropeptides either an echinoderm species – common European starfish Asterias rubens. Discovery invertebrate demonstrated time evolutionarily origin these paralogous can be traced ancestor lineage-specific losses (in vertebrates, nematodes) duplication system arthropods (giving rise AKH ACP systems) quadruplication vertebrates (followed by duplications) accounts phylogenetic distribution GnRH/corazonin-type extant animals. Informed new insights, here review research neuropeptide propose standardized nomenclature wherein are named “GnRH” “corazonin”, with exception arisen gene lineage referred “AKH” (or red pigment concentrating hormone, “RCPH”, crustaceans) “ACP”.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Melatonin as a Hormone and an Antioxidant in the Control of Fish Reproduction

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: May 3, 2016

Reproduction in most fish is seasonal or periodic, and the spawning occurs an appropriate season to ensure maximum survival of offspring. The sequence reproductive events annual cycle largely under control a species-specific endogenous timing system, which essentially relies on well-equipped physiological response mechanism changing environmental cues. duration solar light photoperiod one predictable signals used by large number animals including coordinate their breeding. In vertebrates, pineal gland major photoneuroendocrine part brain that rhythmically synthesizes releases melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) into circulation synchronization with light-dark cycle. Past few decades witnessed enormous progress understanding mechanisms regulates reproduction other vertebrates. Most studies emphasized hormonal actions through its high-affinity, pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein (guanine nucleotide-binding protein)-coupled receptors hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis fish. However, discovery due lipophilic nature can easily cross plasma membrane all cells may act as potent scavenger free radicals stimulant different antioxidants added new dimension idea explaining regulation ovarian functions. basic concept antioxidant emerged from mammalian studies. Recently, however, some clearly suggested melatonin, apart playing role hormone, also be associated reduction oxidative stress augment functions during spawning. This review thus aims bring together current knowledge hormone well shape working hypotheses supported recent findings obtained carp based gathered avian species. essence, this highlights potential determining temporal pattern regulating oocyte maturation at downstream HPG

Language: Английский

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Urbilaterian origin of paralogous GnRH and corazonin neuropeptide signalling pathways

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: June 28, 2016

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key regulator of reproductive maturation in humans and other vertebrates. Homologs GnRH its cognate receptor have been identified invertebrates-for example, the adipokinetic (AKH) corazonin (CRZ) neuropeptide pathways arthropods. However, precise evolutionary relationships origins these signalling systems remain unknown. Here we addressed this issue with first identification both GnRH-type CRZ-type deuterostome-the echinoderm (starfish) Asterias rubens. We GnRH-like (pQIHYKNPGWGPG-NH2) that specifically activates an A. rubens novel (HNTFTMGGQNRWKAG-NH2) receptor. With discovery ligand-receptor pairs, demonstrate vertebrate/deuterostomian protostomian AKH are orthologous origin paralogous system can be traced to common ancestor Bilateria (Urbilateria).

Language: Английский

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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor Structure and GnRH Binding

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Oct. 24, 2017

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates reproduction. The human GnRH receptor lacks a cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal tail, but has amino acid sequence motifs characteristic of rhodopsin-like, class A, G protein-coupled receptors. This review will consider how recent descriptions X-ray crystallographic structures receptors in inactive and active conformations may contribute to understanding structure, mechanism activation ligand binding. confirmed that ligands bind variable extracellular surfaces, whereas the seven membrane-spanning α-helices convey signal surface, which binds activates heterotrimeric proteins. Forty non-covalent interactions bridge topologically equivalent residues different transmembrane helices are conserved A structures, regardless state. Conformation-independent interhelical contacts account for protein structure their importance is supported by decreased expression with mutations network. Many associated congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, including Glu2.53(90) Lys mutation, involve acids constitute Half ~250 intramolecular differ between structures. Conformation-specific depend on changing partners during activation. Conserved conformation-specific prevent stabilizing proximity 3 6 closed binding site. Mutations involved these interactions, such as Arg3.50(139) DRY/S motif or Tyr7.53(323) N/DPxxY motif, increase decrease efficiency coupling signaling, consistent native structure. Active stabilize an open Progress defining site recently slowed, evidence Tyr6.58(290) Tyr5 GnRH, other affect recognition Trp3 Gly10NH2. surprisingly observations disrupt have less effect "conformationally-constrained" peptides now be explained crystal agonist-bound peptide Analysis provides insight into function.

Language: Английский

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Facing the Challenges of Neuropeptide Gene Knockouts: Why Do They Not Inhibit Reproduction in Adult Teleost Fish?

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 3, 2018

Genetic manipulation of teleost endocrine systems started with transgenic overexpression pituitary growth hormone. Such strategies enhance and reduce fertility, but the fish still breed. Genome editing using transcription activator-like effector nuclease in zebrafish medaka has established role follicle stimulating hormone for gonadal development luteinizing ovulation. Attempts to genetically manipulate hypophysiotropic neuropeptidergic have been less successful. Overexpression a gonadotropin-releasing (gnrh) antisense common carp delays puberty does not block reproduction. Knockout Gnrh impact either sex, while this blocks ovulation females without affecting males. Spawning success is reduced by knockout kisspeptins receptors, agouti-related protein, agouti signaling peptide or spexin. Hypotheses lack effect these genome edits are presented. Over evolutionary time, teleosts lost median eminence typical mammals. There consequently direct innervation gonadotrophs, possibility independent regulation >20 neurohormones. Removal few may minimal impact. Neuropeptide could leave co-expressed stimulators gonadotropins functionally intact. compensation response loss protein function maintain sufficient The species differences hypothalamo-hypophysial anatomy be an example over timescale as diversified adapted new ecological niches. key controlling reproduction remain uncovered. Classical neurotransmitters also regulators release, yet targeted editing. Their essentiality should explored.

Language: Английский

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Origin and Evolution of the Neuroendocrine Control of Reproduction in Vertebrates, With Special Focus on Genome and Gene Duplications

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 100(2), P. 869 - 943

Published: Oct. 18, 2019

In humans, as in the other mammals, neuroendocrine control of reproduction is ensured by brain-pituitary gonadotropic axis. Multiple internal and environmental cues are integrated via brain neuronal networks, ultimately leading to modulation activity gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. The decapeptide GnRH released into hypothalamic-hypophysial portal blood system stimulates production pituitary glycoprotein hormones, two gonadotropins luteinizing follicle-stimulating hormone. A novel actor, neuropeptide kisspeptin, acting upstream GnRH, has attracted increasing attention recent years. Other neuropeptides, such gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone/RF-amide related peptide, members RF-amide peptide superfamily, well various nonpeptidic neuromediators dopamine serotonin also provide a large panel stimulatory or inhibitory regulators. This paper addresses origin evolution vertebrate Brain-pituitary axes typical vertebrates, gland, mediator amplifier on peripheral organs, being innovation. reviews, from molecular functional perspectives, across radiation some key actors traces back their along lineage metazoa before emergence vertebrates. focus given how gene duplications, resulting either local events whole genome duplication events, followed paralogous loss conservation, might have shaped evolutionary scenarios current families

Language: Английский

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