Long-term immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 mRNA booster in people living with HIV DOI Creative Commons
Matteo Augello, Valeria Bono, Roberta Rovito

et al.

Communications Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: March 27, 2025

Variant-adapted vaccines are recommended in vulnerable populations to address the waning immunity and emergence of immune-escaping SARS-CoV-2 variants, yet data about immune responses such people living with HIV (PLWH) limited. We therefore aimed assess long-term an original–BA.4/5 mRNA booster this population. In prospective longitudinal study, PLWH receiving either bivalent or original monovalent HIV-negative healthcare workers (HCWs) a were enrolled sampled before (T0), 1 month (T1), 4–9 months (T2) after vaccine administration. SARS-CoV-2–specific T B cells, RBD-binding antibodies, RBD-blocking antibodies against both wild type (WT) omicron BA.4/5 virus determined. The is able transiently increase humoral polyfunctional cell PLWH, comparable those observed HCWs. While cross-reactive viral variants stable over time, imprinted ancestral wanes quickly. Furthermore, whilst previous infection does not affect trajectory vaccine-elicited responses, markers HIV-related dysfunction associated lower antibody peak higher waning. Lastly, was superior one inducing BA.4/5-reactive antibodies. highly immunogenic virus, although blunted less durable immunity. adapted recently circulating populations, as (PLWH). we studied newly designed cohort. showed that could stimulate small proteins body produces SAR-CoV-2 mutant fight virus. This new design produced improved compared older designs, but compromised system have short-lived protection evolving Augello et al. Omicron HIV. enhances immunity, virus; reduces durability.

Language: Английский

Differential protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection pre- and post-Omicron DOI Creative Commons
Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Peter Coyle

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved over short timescales, leading to the emergence of more transmissible variants such as Alpha and Delta 1–3 . arrival Omicron variant marked a major shift, introducing numerous extra mutations in spike gene compared with earlier 1,2 These evolutionary changes have raised concerns regarding their potential impact on immune evasion, disease severity effectiveness vaccines treatments 1,3 In this epidemiological study, we identified two distinct patterns protective effect natural infection against reinfection versus pre-Omicron eras. Before Omicron, provided strong durable protection reinfection, minimal waning time. However, during era, was robust only for those recently infected, declining time diminishing within year. results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is shaped by dynamic interaction between host immunity viral evolution, contrasting before after Omicron’s first wave. This shift suggests change pressures, intrinsic transmissibility driving adaptation escape becoming dominant post-Omicron, underscoring need periodic vaccine updates sustain immunity.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study DOI Creative Commons
Heba N. Altarawneh, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub

et al.

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95, P. 104734 - 104734

Published: July 27, 2023

Protection against SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection and severe COVID-19 of previous infection, mRNA two-dose vaccination, three-dose hybrid immunity vaccination were investigated in Qatar for the Alpha, Beta, Delta variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV DOI Creative Commons
Maxine A. Höft, Wendy A. Burgers, Catherine Riou

et al.

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 184 - 196

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Abstract This review examines the intersection of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. People with (PWH) are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree immune suppression, reconstitution, viral control. While COVID-19 those well-controlled infection poses no greater risk than for HIV-uninfected individuals, people advanced disease more vulnerable to poor outcomes. vaccines effective well tolerated majority PWH, though reduced vaccine efficacy, breakthrough infections faster waning effectiveness have been demonstrated PWH. is likely result suboptimal humoral cellular responses after vaccination. may also experience prolonged give rise new epidemiologically significant variants, but initiation or resumption antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively clear persistent infection. guidelines reflect these increased risks recommend prioritization vaccination additional booster doses PWH who moderately severely immunocompromised. We continued research monitoring infection, especially areas high burden.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
All-cause and COVID-19 mortality in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic DOI Creative Commons

Asma Ali Al-Nuaimi,

Hiam Chemaitelly,

Sandy Semaan

et al.

BMJ Global Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. e012291 - e012291

Published: May 1, 2023

Objective To investigate all-cause mortality, COVID-19 mortality and non-COVID-19 in Qatar during the pandemic. Methods A national, retrospective cohort analysis matched, studies were conducted between 5 February 2020 19 September 2022. Results There 5025 deaths a follow-up time of 247 220 person-years, which 675 related. Incidence rates 0.96 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.98) per 1000 person-years for 0.13 0.12 0.14) 0.83 0.80 0.85) mortality. Adjusted HR, comparing relative Qataris, was lowest Indians at 0.38 0.32 0.44), highest Filipinos 0.56 0.45 0.69) 0.51 0.58) craft manual workers (CMWs). 1.54 0.97 2.44), Nepalese 5.34 1.56 18.34) 1.86 1.32 2.60) CMWs. rate each nationality group lower than crude death country origin. Conclusions Risk low among CMWs, perhaps reflecting healthy worker effect. also low, but largely higher exposure first epidemic wave, before advent effective treatments vaccines.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
The imprinting effect of covid-19 vaccines: an expected selection bias in observational studies DOI Open Access
Susana Monge, Roberto Pastor‐Barriuso, Miguel A. Hernán

et al.

BMJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e074404 - e074404

Published: June 7, 2023

Recent observational studies have found a higher risk of reinfection with the omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 in people who received third covid-19 booster dose. This finding has been interpreted as evidence immune imprinting vaccines. article proposes an alternative explanation: that increased individuals vaccinated compared no is result selection bias and expected to arise even absence imprinting. To clarify this explanation, describes how previous analyses were attempt estimate direct effect vaccine boosters on reinfections—an cannot be correctly estimated data. Causal diagrams (directed acyclic graphs), data simulations, analysis real world are used illustrate mechanism magnitude bias, which conditioning collider.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
The mRNA-LNP vaccines – the good, the bad and the ugly? DOI Creative Commons
Botond Z. Igyártó, Zhen Qin

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

The mRNA-LNP vaccine has received much attention during the COVID-19 pandemic since it served as basis of most widely used SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Western countries. Based on early clinical trial data, these were deemed safe and effective for all demographics. However, latest data raise serious concerns about safety effectiveness vaccines. Here, we review some efficacy identified to date. We also discuss potential mechanism observed adverse events related use whether they can be mitigated by alterations this approach.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses as a function of multiple COVID-19 boosters DOI Creative Commons
Ricardo da Silva Antunes,

Vicente Fajardo-Rosas,

Esther Dawen Yu

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

SUMMARY The long-term effects of repeated COVID-19 vaccinations on adaptive immunity remain incompletely understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive three-year longitudinal study examining T cell and antibody responses in 78 vaccinated individuals without reported symptomatic infections. We observed distinct dynamics Spike-specific humoral cellular immune across multiple vaccine doses. While titers incrementally increased stabilized with each booster, rapidly plateaued, maintaining remarkable stability CD4+ CD8+ subsets. Notably, approximately 30% participants showed reactivity to non-Spike antigens, consistent asymptomatic Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed diverse landscape phenotypes, no evidence exhaustion or significant functional impairment. However, qualitative changes were infection, exhibiting unique immunological characteristics, including frequencies Th17-like cells GZMKhi/IFNR Remarkably, this group associated progressive increase regulatory cells, potentially indicating balanced response that may mitigate immunopathology. By regularly stimulating memory, boosters contribute stable enhanced response, which provide better protection against

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The impact of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine on adaptive and innate immune responses DOI Creative Commons
Konstantin Föhse, Büsra Geckin, Martijn Zoodsma

et al.

Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 109762 - 109762

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

The mRNA-based BNT162b2 protects against severe disease and mortality caused by SARS-CoV-2 via induction of specific antibody T-cell responses. Much less is known about its broad effects on immune responses other pathogens. Here, we investigated the adaptive induced vaccination various variants responsiveness cells upon stimulation with heterologous stimuli. effective humoral cellular immunity that started to wane after six months. We also observed long-term transcriptional changes in vaccination. Additionally, modulated innate as measured inflammatory cytokine production - higher IL-1/IL-6 release decreased IFN-α production. Altogether, these data expand our knowledge regarding overall immunological this new class vaccines underline need for additional studies elucidate their both

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Bivalent mRNA-1273.214 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 omicron XBB* infections DOI Creative Commons
Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Sawsan AlMukdad

et al.

Journal of Travel Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(5)

Published: July 1, 2023

Effectiveness of the 50-μg mRNA-1273.214 bivalent vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection was modest at 25% in a matched, retrospective, cohort study Qatar comparing incidence to that national no-recent-vaccination resident cohort. XBB* immune evasion, imprinting effects, or both, may explain findings.

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Humoral and cellular immune responses eleven months after the third dose of BNT162b2 an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV – a prospective observational cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Line Dam Heftdal, Laura Pérez‐Alós, Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch

et al.

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 93, P. 104661 - 104661

Published: June 16, 2023

We investigated long-term durability of humoral and cellular immune responses to third dose BNT162b2 in people with HIV (PWH) controls.In 378 PWH undetectable viral replication 224 matched controls vaccinated three doses BNT162b2, we measured IgG-antibodies against the receptor binding domain SARS-CoV-2 spike protein months before four eleven after. In 178 135 controls, response was assessed by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release whole blood after dose. Differences antibody or IFN-γ concentrations were uni- multivariable linear regressions.Before concentration antibodies lower than (unadjusted geometric mean ratio (GMR): 0.68 (95% CI: 0.54-0.86, p = 0.002). observed no differences between (0.90 0.75-1.09), 0.285) (0.89 0.69-1.14), 0.346) found difference (1.06 0.71-1.60), 0.767).We up BNT162b2. Our findings indicate that have comparable vaccine.This work funded Novo Nordisk Foundation (NFF205A0063505, NNF20SA0064201), Carlsberg (CF20-476 0045), Svend Andersen Research (SARF2021), Bio- Genome Bank Denmark.

Language: Английский

Citations

18