Navigating Uncharted Waters: Could COVID-19 and/or Certain COVID-19 Vaccines Promote Malignancy? DOI Open Access
Raquel Valdes Angues,

Yolanda Perea Bustos

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

Cancer is a complex dynamic disease that involves different biological capabilities including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading tumor suppression and immune surveillance, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, reprogramming energy metabolism, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion metastasis. Underlying these are genome instability, which expedites their acquisition, inflammation, fosters function/s. Additionally, cancer exhibits another dimension of complexity: heterogeneous repertoire infiltrating resident host cells, secreted factors, extracellular matrix, known as the microenvironment, through reciprocal relationship with cells supports local invasion, metastatic dissemination. This staggering intricacy calls for some caution when advising all people (or previous history cancer) to receive COVID-19 primary vaccine series plus additional booster doses. Moreover, because patients were not included in pivotal clinical trials, considerable uncertainty remains regarding efficacy, safety, risk interactions anticancer therapies, could reduce efficacy and/or safety either medical treatment.After reviewing available literature, we particularly concerned vaccination may predispose (stable) oncologic survivors progression, recurrence hypothesis based on plausibility (i.e., induction lymphopenia inflammation; downregulation ACE2 expression; activation oncogenic cascades; sequestration suppressor proteins; type I IFN responses; dysregulation G4-RNA-protein binding system; unsilencing LINE-1 retrotransposons; etc.) together growing anecdotal evidence reports filed Vaccine Adverse Effects Report System (VAERS) suggesting experienced exacerbation or following vaccination. In light above, encourage scientific community urgently evaluate impact biology, adjusting public health recommendations accordingly.

Language: Английский

The mRNA-LNP vaccines – the good, the bad and the ugly? DOI Creative Commons
Botond Z. Igyártó, Zhen Qin

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

The mRNA-LNP vaccine has received much attention during the COVID-19 pandemic since it served as basis of most widely used SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Western countries. Based on early clinical trial data, these were deemed safe and effective for all demographics. However, latest data raise serious concerns about safety effectiveness vaccines. Here, we review some efficacy identified to date. We also discuss potential mechanism observed adverse events related use whether they can be mitigated by alterations this approach.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Review: N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ): Friend or foe of cancer? DOI
Alberto Rubio‐Casillas, David E. Cowley,

Mikolaj Raszek

et al.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 267, P. 131427 - 131427

Published: April 5, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Increased Age-Adjusted Cancer Mortality After the Third mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccine Dose During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan DOI Open Access
Miki Gibo, Seiji Kojima, Akinori Fujisawa

et al.

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, excess deaths including cancer have become a concern in Japan, which has rapidly aging population. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate how age-adjusted mortality rates (AMRs) for different types of Japan changed during pandemic (2020-2022). Official statistics from were used compare observed annual and monthly AMRs with predicted based on pre-pandemic (2010-2019) figures using logistic regression analysis. No significant was first year (2020). However, some mortalities 2021 after mass vaccination second vaccine doses, all cancers specific (including ovarian cancer, leukemia, prostate lip/oral/pharyngeal pancreatic breast cancer) third dose 2022. four most (lung, colorectal, stomach, liver) showed decreasing trend until 2020, but rate decrease slowed This discusses possible explanations these increases rates.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Modulation of innate immune response to mRNA vaccination after SARS-CoV-2 infection or sequential vaccination in humans DOI Creative Commons

Fredrika Hellgren,

Anja Rosdahl, Rodrigo Arcoverde Cerveira

et al.

JCI Insight, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(9)

Published: May 7, 2024

mRNA vaccines are likely to become widely used for the prevention of infectious diseases in future.Nevertheless, a notable gap exists mechanistic data, particularly concerning potential effects sequential immunization or preexisting immunity on early innate immune response triggered by vaccination.In this study, healthy adults, with without documented prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, were vaccinated BNT162b2/Comirnaty vaccine.Prior infection conferred significantly stronger induction proinflammatory and type I IFN-related gene signatures, serum cytokines, monocyte expansion after prime vaccination.The second vaccination further increased magnitude both study groups.The third did not increase vaccineinduced inflammation.In vitro stimulation PBMCs TLR ligands showed no difference cytokine responses between groups, before vaccination, indicating absence trained effect.We observed that levels antigen-specific CD4 T cells, antibody, memory B cells correlated elements first vaccination.Our data thereby indicate formed may augment activation induced vaccines.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Innate and Adaptive Immune Parameters following mRNA Vaccination in Mice DOI Creative Commons
Srinivasa Reddy Bonam,

Nicholas Hazell,

Mano Joseph Mathew

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 543 - 543

Published: May 15, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised the standard regarding current vaccine development pace, as several messenger RNA (mRNA)-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines have proved their ability to induce strong immunogenicity and protective efficacy. We developed 1-methylpseudouridine-containing mRNA-LNP vaccines, expressing either more conserved SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (mRNA-N) or spike protein (mRNA-S), both based on prototypic viral sequences. When combining mRNA-S mRNA-N together (mRNA-S+N), showed high broad protection against different variants, including wildtype, Delta, BA.1, BA.5, BQ.1. To better understand mechanisms behind this obtained by mRNA-S+N, we analyzed innate adaptive immune parameters following vaccination in mice. Compared alone, mice vaccinated with mRNA-S+N exhibited an increase response, depicted higher cytokine (IL-6 chemokine (MCP-1) levels. In addition, lymph node immunophenotyping maturation activation of dendritic cells natural killer cells, respectively. RNA-Seq analyses lung spleen samples were performed parallel revealed a stronger gene-expression profile than that spleen. elicited levels expression for genes involved multiple pathways, T signaling, antigen presentation, B immunity. Together, our studies provide immunological insights into conferred dual mRNA variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
mRNA vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 T-cell responses are predictive of serological neutralization and are transiently enhanced by pre-existing cross-reactive immunity DOI Creative Commons

Philip Samaan,

Chapin S. Korosec,

Patrick Budylowski

et al.

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

The contributions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cells to vaccine efficacy and durability are unclear. We investigated relationships between mRNA vaccine-induced spike-specific interferon- gamma (IFN-γ) interleukin-2 (IL-2) T-cell responses neutralizing antibody development in long-term care home staff doubly vaccinated with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. impacts pre-existing cross-reactive immunity on cellular humoral vaccination were additionally assessed. Mathematical modeling the kinetics IFN-γ IL-2 over 6 months post-second dose was bifurcated into recipients who exhibited gradual increases doubling times 155 167 days decreases half-lives 165 132 days, respectively. Differences did not correlate clinical phenotypes. Serological anti-spike IgG, anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgA, anti-RBD IgA levels otherwise decayed all participants 63, 57, 79, 46 respectively, alongside waning capacity (t1/2 = 408 days). Spike-specific induced at 2-6 weeks positively correlated live viral neutralization dose, especially hybrid immune individuals. Participants SARS-CoV-2 greater responses, reduced levels, a trending increase dose. Non-spike-specific T-cells predominantly targeted non-structural protein participants. lastly shown induce off-target against unrelated antigens. In summary, appeared influence serological capacity, only modest effect by cross-reactivity. Our findings provide valuable insights potential both uninfected recipients. study sheds light precise magnitude vaccination. Accordingly, our data will help optimize next-generation cell-based vaccines regimens maximize durability.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Revolutionizing immunization: a comprehensive review of mRNA vaccine technology and applications DOI Creative Commons
Kam W. Leong,

Seng Kong Tham,

Chit Laa Poh

et al.

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 12, 2025

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as a transformative platform in modern vaccinology. mRNA vaccine is powerful alternative to traditional due their high potency, safety, and efficacy, coupled with the ability for rapid clinical development, scalability cost-effectiveness manufacturing. Initially conceptualized 1970s, first study about effectiveness of against influenza was conducted 1993. Since then, development has rapidly gained significance, especially combating COVID-19 pandemic. Their unprecedented success during pandemic, demonstrated by Pfizer-BioNTech Moderna vaccines, highlighted potential. This review provides comprehensive analysis technology, detailing structure its mechanism action inducing immunity. Advancements nanotechnology, particularly lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) delivery vehicles, revolutionized field. The manufacturing processes, including upstream production, downstream purification, formulation are also reviewed. progress targeting viruses causing infectious diseases discussed, emphasizing versatility therapeutic Despite success, faces several challenges, improved stability reduce dependence on cold chain logistics transport, enhanced mechanisms target specific tissues or cells, addressing risk rare adverse events. High costs associated encapsulation LNPs potential unequal global access further complicate widespread adoption. As world continues confront emerging viral threats, overcoming these challenges will be essential fully harness vaccines. It anticipated that play major role defining shaping future health.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination attenuates innate immune function in humans DOI
Sarah A. Connolly, Aaron M. Walsh, Anna E. Ledwith

et al.

Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 110488 - 110488

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Long-Lasting Enhanced Cytokine Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Georgiana Cabău, Medeea Badii, Andreea-Manuela Mirea

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 736 - 736

Published: July 3, 2024

The mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 protects severe disease by the induction of robust humoral and cellular responses. Recent studies have shown capacity some vaccines to induce enduring non-specific innate immune responses trained immunity, augmenting protection unrelated pathogens. This study aimed assess whether BNT162b2 can lasting in myeloid cells following a three-dose vaccination scheme. In sample size consisting 20 healthy individuals from Romania, we assessed inflammatory proteins using Olink® Target 96 Inflammation panel, as well ex vivo cytokine stimulations with PRR ligands. We vaccine-induced systemic inflammation functional adaptations cells. Our results revealed stimulus- cytokine-dependent memory phenotype that became apparent after booster dose was maintained eight months later absence inflammation.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Existing and emerging mRNA vaccines and their environmental impact: a transdisciplinary assessment DOI Creative Commons
Siguna Mueller

Environmental Sciences Europe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(1)

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

mRNA vaccines have played a massive role during the COVID-19 pandemic and are now being developed for numerous other human animal applications. Nevertheless, their potential ramifications on environment lack scrutiny regulation. On 14 July 2020, EU decided to temporarily exclude clinical trials with from prior environmental risk assessment. Even though billions of doses been administered large-scale agricultural wildlife RNA applications fast-tracked, there is no knowledge impact via dispersion vaccine-derived material or wastage. This gap targeted here critical assessment (1) pharmacokinetic properties these products; (2) microbiota; (3) novel factors exemplified by gut bacterium Escherichia coli resulting in pathogen evolution guts wild animals, (4) findings mRNA-LNP platforms that implicate extracellular vesicles (EVs) as superior carriers, (5) potentials exogenous regulatory RNAs. analysis results first extrapolation (a) magnitude likelihood characterized FDA 2015 products facilitate action transcription and/or translation transferred genetic related processes, (b) additional risks facilitated horizontal transfer short The arguments provided establish rationale bioactive dispersed EVs, impacted microbiota, exposed organisms foster evolution, cross-species biological function, driving widespread ecosystem disturbances. Evidence emerging molecules, when ingested, could survive digestion mediate gene expression regulation, host–parasite defense, immunity, responses consuming animals. Highlighting further unresolved questions, comprehensive calls open dialogue more in-depth studies get clear picture globally most effectively gauge existing human, livestock, technologies weapons forms misuse. Regulatory measures urgently needed mitigate potentially damage public health well adverse societal, economic, legal implications.

Language: Английский

Citations

2