Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 1017 - 1032

Published: July 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Among Pregnant Women With and Without COVID-19 Infection

JAMA Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 175(8), P. 817 - 817

Published: April 22, 2021

Detailed information about the association of COVID-19 with outcomes in pregnant individuals compared not-infected is much needed.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 25th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Workgroup

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 747 - 764

Published: Oct. 15, 2020

Abstract Kidney involvement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is common, and can range from the presence of proteinuria haematuria to acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT; also known as therapy). COVID-19-associated AKI (COVID-19 AKI) associated high mortality serves an independent risk factor for all-cause in-hospital death COVID-19. The pathophysiology mechanisms COVID-19 have not been fully elucidated seem be multifactorial, keeping other who are critically ill. Little about prevention management AKI. emergence regional ‘surges’ cases limit hospital resources, including dialysis availability supplies; thus, careful daily assessment available resources needed. In this Consensus Statement, Acute Disease Quality Initiative provides recommendations diagnosis, based on current literature. We make areas future research, which aimed at improving understanding underlying processes outcomes

Language: Английский

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Neutralizing nanobodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and block interaction with ACE2

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 846 - 854

Published: July 13, 2020

Language: Английский

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Cytokine storm and COVID-19: a chronicle of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world, unlike any other pandemic in last 50 years. Our understanding of evolved rapidly since outbreak; prognosis is influenced mainly by multi-organ involvement. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, renal liver damage, shock and failure are strongly associated with morbidity mortality. The COVID-19 pathology plausibly linked to hyperinflammatory response body characterized pathological cytokine levels. term ‘cytokine storm syndrome’ perhaps one critical hallmarks severity. In this review, we highlight prominent families their potential role COVID-19, type I II interferons, tumour necrosis factor members Interleukin family. We address various changes cellular components immune corroborating levels while discussing sources biological functions. Finally, discuss brief therapies attempting modulate storm.

Language: Английский

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Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: Oct. 6, 2020

Summary The novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has turned into a life‐threatening pandemic disease (Covid‐19). About 5% of patients with Covid‐19 have severe symptoms including septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the failure several organs, while most them mild symptoms. Frequently, kidneys are involved through direct or indirect mechanisms. Kidney involvement mainly manifests itself as proteinuria kidney injury (AKI). SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced damage is expected to be multifactorial; directly it can infect podocytes proximal tubular cells based on an angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pathway lead necrosis, protein leakage in Bowman's capsule, collapsing glomerulopathy mitochondrial impairment. SARS‐CoV‐2‐driven dysregulation immune responses cytokine storm, macrophage activation lymphopenia other causes AKI. Organ interactions, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, rhabdomyolysis, sepsis potential mechanisms Moreover, lower oxygen delivery may cause ischaemic injury. Understanding fundamental molecular pathways pathophysiology AKI necessary develop management strategies design effective therapies.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and Sex Differences

Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(10), P. 2189 - 2203

Published: Aug. 4, 2020

Men are consistently overrepresented in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, including higher fatality rates. These differences likely due to gender-specific behaviors, genetic hormonal factors, sex biological pathways related SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several social, behavioral, comorbid factors implicated the generally worse outcomes men compared with women. Underlying their effects on COVID-19 however, have received less attention. The present review summarizes available literature regarding proposed molecular cellular markers of associations health any reported modification by sex. Biological characterized such biomarkers exist within healthy populations also differ age- sex-specific conditions, as pregnancy menopause. In context COVID-19, descriptive biomarker levels often sex, but data pertaining effect patient relationship between severity/outcomes scarce. Such may offer plausible explanations for seen men. There is need larger studies reporting robust analyses elucidate how modifies associated SARS-CoV-2. This will improve interpretation clinical management patients facilitating a personalized medical approach risk stratification, prevention, treatment.

Language: Английский

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Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

The explosion of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought role angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) back into scientific limelight. Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind ACE2 for entering host cells in humans, its expression and body localization are critical to track potential target organ this infection outline disease progression clinical outcomes. Here, we mapped physiological distribution, expression, activities discussed correlations mutal interactions with disparate symptoms present patients at level different organs. We highlighted that despite during ACE2-expressing organs may become direct targets, leading severe pathological manifestations, subsequent multiple failures, exact mechanism through which acts these is still heavily debated. Further efforts, also considering a personalized approach aimed consider specific patient differences mutual ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 long-term health effects associated COVID-19 currently mandatory.

Language: Английский

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Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Mechanisms Underlying Disease Severity and Progression

Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(5), P. 288 - 301

Published: Aug. 12, 2020

The global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suggests a wide spectrum clinical severity, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Although the and laboratory characteristics COVID-19 patients have been well characterized, pathophysiological mechanisms underlying severity progression remain unclear. This review highlights key that proposed contribute viral entry multisystem organ failure, as central role immune response in successful clearance or death.

Language: Английский

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Short- and potential long-term adverse health outcomes of COVID-19: a rapid review

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 2190 - 2199

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in millions of patients infected worldwide and indirectly affecting even more individuals through disruption daily living. Long-term adverse outcomes have been reported with similar diseases from other coronaviruses, namely Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Severe Acute (SARS). Emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 adversely affects different systems the human body. This review summarizes current on short-term health assesses risk potential long-term COVID-19. Major were found to affect body systems: immune system (including but not limited Guillain-Barré syndrome paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome), respiratory (lung fibrosis pulmonary thromboembolism), cardiovascular (cardiomyopathy coagulopathy), neurological (sensory dysfunction stroke), as well cutaneous gastrointestinal manifestations, impaired hepatic renal function. Mental was also be affected. burden caring for survivors is likely huge. Therefore, it important policy makers develop comprehensive strategies providing resources capacity healthcare system. Future epidemiological studies are needed further investigate impact survivors.

Language: Английский

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