The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. 427 - 436

Published: March 19, 2019

Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of later psychotic disorder but whether it affects incidence the remains unclear. We aimed to identify patterns cannabis strongest effect on odds across Europe and explore differences in such contribute variations rates disorder.

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol (CBD) as an Adjunctive Therapy in Schizophrenia: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 175(3), P. 225 - 231

Published: Dec. 15, 2017

Objective: Research in both animals and humans indicates that cannabidiol (CBD) has antipsychotic properties. The authors assessed the safety effectiveness of CBD patients with schizophrenia. Method: In an exploratory double-blind parallel-group trial, schizophrenia were randomized a 1:1 ratio to receive (1000 mg/day; N=43) or placebo (N=45) alongside their existing medication. Participants before after treatment using Positive Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Brief Assessment Cognition Schizophrenia (BACS), Global Functioning scale (GAF), improvement severity scales Clinical Impressions (CGI-I CGI-S). Results: After 6 weeks treatment, compared group, group had lower levels positive psychotic symptoms (PANSS: difference=−1.4, 95% CI=−2.5, −0.2) more likely have been rated as improved (CGI-I: difference=−0.5, CI=−0.8, −0.1) not severely unwell (CGI-S: difference=−0.3, CI=−0.5, 0.0) by treating clinician. Patients who received also showed greater improvements fell short statistical significance cognitive performance (BACS: difference=1.31, CI=−0.10, 2.72) overall functioning (GAF: difference=3.0, CI=−0.4, 6.4). was well tolerated, rates adverse events similar between groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest beneficial effects As CBD’s do appear depend on dopamine receptor antagonism, this agent may represent new class for disorder.

Language: Английский

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US Epidemiology of Cannabis Use and Associated Problems

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 195 - 212

Published: Aug. 30, 2017

This review provides an overview of the changing US epidemiology cannabis use and associated problems. Adults adolescents increasingly view as harmless, some can without harm. However, potential problems include harms from prenatal exposure unintentional childhood exposure; decline in educational or occupational functioning after early adolescent use, adulthood, impaired driving vehicle crashes; disorders (CUD), withdrawal, psychiatric comorbidity. Evidence suggests national increases potency, adults, increased CUD, cannabis-related emergency room visits, fatal crashes. Twenty-nine states have medical marijuana laws (MMLs) these, 8 recreational (RMLs). Many studies indicate that MMLs their specific provisions did not increase use. more limited literature led to exposures, adult CUD. Ecological-level suggest substitution for opioids, also possibly medications. Much remains be determined about trends role RMLs these trends. The public, health professionals, policy makers would benefit education risks such risks, increases.

Language: Английский

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New trends in cannabis potency in USA and Europe during the last decade (2008–2017)

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 269(1), P. 5 - 15

Published: Jan. 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Variation in cannabis potency and prices in a newly legal market: evidence from 30 million cannabis sales in Washington state

Addiction, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 112(12), P. 2167 - 2177

Published: May 27, 2017

Abstract Aims To (1) assess trends and variation in the market share of product types potency sold a legal cannabis retail (2) estimate how purchase quantity influence price for flower. Design Secondary analysis publicly available data from Washington State's traceability system spanning 7 July 2014 to 30 September 2016. Descriptive statistics linear regressions assessed variety potency. Hedonic estimated flower variation. Setting State, USA. Participants A total 44 482 176 million purchases, including 31 052 123 purchases after trimming outliers. Measurements Primary outcome measures were monthly expenditures on cannabis, delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration cannabidiol (CBD) by type excise tax‐inclusive per gram Key covariates hedonic included purchased, THC CBD. Findings Traditional flowers still account majority spending (66.6%), but extracts inhalation increased 145.8% between October 2016, now comprising 21.2% sales. The average THC‐level is more than triple that (68.7% compared 20.6%). For products, there statistically significant relationship both [coefficient = 0.012; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.011–0.013] CBD (coefficient 0.017; CI 0.015–0.019). discount elasticity −0.06 (CI −0.07 −0.05). Conclusions In state Washington, USA, currently dominated high‐THC flower, features growing extracts. are associated with higher per‐gram prices, small discounts.

Language: Английский

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Public health implications of legalising the production and sale of cannabis for medicinal and recreational use

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 394(10208), P. 1580 - 1590

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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How does cannabidiol (CBD) influence the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in humans? A systematic review

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 107, P. 696 - 712

Published: Sept. 30, 2019

Language: Английский

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‘Standard THC units’: a proposal to standardize dose across all cannabis products and methods of administration

Addiction, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 115(7), P. 1207 - 1216

Published: Oct. 12, 2019

Abstract Background and Aims Cannabis products are becoming increasingly diverse, vary considerably in concentrations of ∆ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD). Higher doses THC can increase the risk harm from cannabis, while CBD may partially offset some these effects. Lower Risk Use Guidelines currently lack recommendations based on quantity use, could be improved by implementing standard units. However, there is no consensus how units should measured or standardized among different cannabis methods administration. Argument Existing proposals for have been specific administration (e.g. joints) not capture other methods, including pipes, bongs, blunts, dabbing, vaporizers, vape pens, edibles liquids. Other grams cannabis) cannot account heterogeneity products. Similar to alcohol units, we argue that reflect primary active pharmacological constituents (dose THC). On basis experimental ecological data, public health considerations existing policy, propose a ‘standard unit’ fixed at 5 mg all If supported sufficient evidence future, consumption might offer an additional strategy reduction. Conclusions Standard potentially applied guide consumers promote safer patterns use.

Language: Английский

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A randomised controlled trial of vaporised Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alone and in combination in frequent and infrequent cannabis users: acute intoxication effects

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 269(1), P. 17 - 35

Published: Jan. 19, 2019

Language: Английский

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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 103381 - 103381

Published: Aug. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Language: Английский

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