Reviewing the Potential of Psychedelics for the Treatment of PTSD

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 385 - 400

Published: March 12, 2020

There are few medications with demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Treatment guidelines have unequivocally designated psychotherapy as a first line PTSD. Yet, even after psychotherapy, PTSD often remains chronic illness, high rates psychiatric and medical comorbidity. Meanwhile, search development drugs new mechanisms action has stalled. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore not just novel compounds but approaches A promising approach involves use psychedelic drugs. Within past years, 2 psychedelics received breakthrough designations indications from US Food Drug Administration, several currently being investigated This review discusses 4 types compounds: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ketamine, classical (e.g., psilocybin lysergic acid diethylamide), cannabinoids. We describe therapeutic rationale, setting in which they administered, their current state evidence Each compound provides unique qualities PTSD, rapidly target symptoms adjuncts facilitate psychotherapeutic treatments. Several questions formulated that outline agenda future research.

Language: Английский

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Neurodevelopmental Resilience and Susceptibility to Maternal Immune Activation

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(11), P. 793 - 806

Published: Sept. 4, 2019

Language: Английский

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Medical Marijuana, Recreational Cannabis, and Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Circulation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 142(10)

Published: Aug. 5, 2020

Cannabis, or marijuana, has potential therapeutic and medicinal properties related to multiple compounds, particularly Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol cannabidiol. Over the past 25 years, attitudes toward cannabis have evolved rapidly, with expanding legalization of medical recreational use at state level in United States nationally Canada Uruguay. As a result, consumption products is increasing considerably, among youth. Our understanding safety efficacy been limited by decades worldwide illegality continues be ongoing classification as Schedule 1 controlled substance. These shifts require clinicians understand conflicting laws, health implications, possibilities. Cannabis may benefits, but few are cardiovascular nature. Conversely, many concerning implications include diseases, although they mediated mechanisms delivery. This statement critically reviews from clinical also policy public perspective evaluating its profile, relationship health.

Language: Английский

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Psychiatric symptoms caused by cannabis constituents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 344 - 353

Published: March 17, 2020

BackgroundApproximately 188 million people use cannabis yearly worldwide, and it has recently been legalised in 11 US states, Canada, Uruguay for recreational use. The potential increased highlights the need to better understand its risks, including acute induction of psychotic other psychiatric symptoms. We aimed investigate effect constituent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alone combination with cannabidiol (CBD) compared placebo on symptoms healthy people.MethodsIn this systematic review meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO studies published English between database inception May 21, 2019, a within-person, crossover design. Inclusion criteria were reporting using scales (the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale [BPRS] Positive Negative Syndrome [PANSS]) following administration intravenous, oral, or nasal THC, CBD, participants, presenting data that allowed calculation standardised mean change (SMC) scores positive (including delusions hallucinations), negative (such as blunted affect amotivation), general depression anxiety) did random-effects meta-analysis assess main outcomes sizes total, positive, PANSS BPRS measured participants THC versus placebo. Because number do CBD's moderating effects was insufficient, outcome only systematically reviewed. This study is registered PROSPERO, CRD42019136674.Findings15 eligible involving four CBD plus identified. Compared placebo, significantly total symptom severity large size (assessed nine studies, ten independent samples, 196 participants: SMC 1·10 [95% CI 0·92–1·28], p<0·0001); 14 15 324 0·91 0·68–1·14], 12 13 267 0·78 0·59–0·97], p<0·0001). In review, evaluating THC-induced symptoms, one identified significant reduction symptoms.InterpretationA single induces psychotic, negative, sizes. There no consistent evidence moderates THC. These findings highlight risks associated cannabinoids contain therapeutic purposes.FundingUK Medical Research Council, Maudsley Charity, Brain Behavior Foundation, Wellcome Trust, UK National Institute Health Research.

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol for the treatment of cannabis use disorder: a phase 2a, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, adaptive Bayesian trial

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 865 - 874

Published: July 28, 2020

Language: Английский

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‘Standard THC units’: a proposal to standardize dose across all cannabis products and methods of administration

Addiction, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 115(7), P. 1207 - 1216

Published: Oct. 12, 2019

Abstract Background and Aims Cannabis products are becoming increasingly diverse, vary considerably in concentrations of ∆ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD). Higher doses THC can increase the risk harm from cannabis, while CBD may partially offset some these effects. Lower Risk Use Guidelines currently lack recommendations based on quantity use, could be improved by implementing standard units. However, there is no consensus how units should measured or standardized among different cannabis methods administration. Argument Existing proposals for have been specific administration (e.g. joints) not capture other methods, including pipes, bongs, blunts, dabbing, vaporizers, vape pens, edibles liquids. Other grams cannabis) cannot account heterogeneity products. Similar to alcohol units, we argue that reflect primary active pharmacological constituents (dose THC). On basis experimental ecological data, public health considerations existing policy, propose a ‘standard unit’ fixed at 5 mg all If supported sufficient evidence future, consumption might offer an additional strategy reduction. Conclusions Standard potentially applied guide consumers promote safer patterns use.

Language: Английский

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Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicine for pain management: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Pain, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 162(1), P. S45 - S66

Published: Aug. 12, 2020

Abstract Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines (CBMs) are increasingly used to manage pain, with limited understanding of their efficacy safety. We summarised adverse events (AEs) these types drugs for treating pain using randomised controlled trials: in people any age, type treatment duration. Primary outcomes were 30% 50% reduction intensity, AEs. assessed risk bias included studies, the overall quality evidence GRADE. Studies <7 >7 days duration analysed separately. 36 studies (7217 participants) delivering cannabinoids (8 studies), cannabis (6 CBM (22 studies); all had high and/or uncertain bias. Evidence benefit was found (risk difference 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.46; 2 trials, 231 patients, very low-quality evidence) nabiximols 0.06, 0.01-0.12; 6 1484 evidence). No other beneficial effects cannabinoids, or our primary analyses; 81% subgroup analyses negative. Cannabis, nabiximols, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol more AEs than control. this field have unclear bias, GRADE rating low- evidence. little estimates effect. The neither supports nor refutes claims safety management pain.

Language: Английский

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Association of High-Potency Cannabis Use With Mental Health and Substance Use in Adolescence

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(10), P. 1044 - 1044

Published: May 27, 2020

Cannabis use is consistently linked to poorer mental health outcomes, and there evidence that of higher-potency cannabis increases these risks. To date, no studies have described the association between potency concurrent in a general population sample or addressed confounding using longitudinal data.To explore substance accounting for preceding frequency use.This cohort study used data from Avon Longitudinal Study Parents Children, UK birth participants born April 1, 1991, December 31, 1992. Present on outcomes exposures were collected June 2015 October 2017 1087 at 24 years age who reported recent use.Self-reported type most commonly past year, coded binary exposure high-potency lower-potency cannabis.Outcomes use, problems, other illicit drugs, tobacco dependence, alcohol disorder, depression, generalized anxiety psychotic-like experiences. The secondary data; consequently, hypotheses formulated after collection.Past-year was by (580 women; mean [SD] onset 16.7 [3.0] years). Of these, 141 (13.0%) cannabis. Use associated with increased (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.38; 95% CI, 2.89-6.63), problems (AOR, 4.08; 1.41-11.81), likelihood disorder 1.92; 1.11-3.32). Adjustment attenuated psychotic experiences (AOR 1.29; 0.67-2.50), dependence 1.42; 0.89-2.27), drug 0.77-2.17). There depression.To our knowledge, this provides first suggesting addiction. Limiting availability may be reduction number individuals develop disorders, prevention escalating regular behavior, risk disorders.

Language: Английский

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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 103381 - 103381

Published: Aug. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Language: Английский

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Association of cannabis potency with mental ill health and addiction: a systematic review

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 736 - 750

Published: July 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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