Estimating and comparing the effects of price‐ and potency‐based taxes on cannabis purchase patterns in an experimental cannabis marketplace DOI

Jin Xing,

Yuyan Shi

Addiction, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

Abstract Background and aims Recreational cannabis legalization has made high‐potency products more readily available, raising public health concerns. While price‐based taxes are common, potency‐based have been adopted as a potentially effective approach to mitigate the harms associated with consumption. This study aimed estimate compare effects of price‐ on purchase patterns. Design In May 2024, we conducted an online Experimental Cannabis Marketplace experiment, where varied in product categories, delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels, prices. Participants completed hypothetical sessions varying tax rates types. Potency‐based were designed be higher for high‐THC lower low‐THC than taxes. The Poisson random model was used association between each outcome two Wald tests assessed differences coefficients Setting U.S. states recreational legalization. A total 1250 adult users. Measurements patterns, including quantity demanded, THC expenses. Findings For both taxes, rate demanded (total, by category, level), increased expenses, expenses (all ps < 0.01). price elasticity estimated −0.46 −0.48 −0.52. Compared (elasticity = −0.59 −0.49; p difference 0.046) proportion −0.11 −0.05; 0.028). No observed types all products, or Conclusions appear at reducing demand compared

Language: Английский

Association between cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia stronger in young males than in females DOI Creative Commons
Carsten Hjorthøj,

Wilson M. Compton,

Marie Starzer

et al.

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(15), P. 7322 - 7328

Published: May 4, 2023

Abstract Background Previous research suggests an increase in schizophrenia population attributable risk fraction (PARF) for cannabis use disorder (CUD). However, sex and age variations CUD suggest the importance of examining differences PARFs subgroups. Methods We conducted a nationwide Danish register-based cohort study including all individuals aged 16–49 at some point during 1972–2021. status was obtained from registers. Hazard ratios (HR), incidence (IRR), were estimated. Joinpoint analyses applied to sex-specific PARFs. Results examined 6 907 859 with 45 327 cases incident follow-up across 129 521 260 person-years. The overall adjusted HR (aHR) on slightly higher among males (aHR = 2.42, 95% CI 2.33–2.52) than females 2.02, 1.89–2.17); however, 16–20-year-olds, IRR (aIRR) more twice that (males: aIRR 3.84, 3.43–4.29; females: 1.81, 1.53–2.15). During 1972–2021, annual average percentage change 4.8 (95% 4.3–5.3; p < 0.0001) 3.2 2.5–3.8; 0.0001). In 2021, males, PARF 15%; females, it around 4%. Conclusions Young might be particularly susceptible effects schizophrenia. At level, assuming causality, one-fifth young prevented by averting CUD. highlight early detection treatment policy decisions regarding access, 16–25-year-olds.

Language: Английский

Citations

46
Changes in Incident Schizophrenia Diagnoses Associated With Cannabis Use Disorder After Cannabis Legalization DOI Creative Commons
Daniel T. Myran, Michael Pugliese,

Lyndsay D. Harrison

et al.

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. e2457868 - e2457868

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Importance Despite public health concerns that cannabis legalization may increase the number of cases schizophrenia caused by cannabis, there is limited evidence on this topic. Objective To examine changes in population-attributable risk fraction (PARF) for use disorder (CUD) associated with after liberalization medical and nonmedical Canada. Design, Setting, Participants This population-based cohort study was conducted Ontario, Canada, from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2022, among 13 588 681 people aged 14 65 years without a history schizophrenia. Exposures Diagnosis CUD emergency department or hospital setting ( International Statistical Classification Diseases Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Canada [ ICD-10-CA ] codes F12x T40.7). Main Outcome Measures Changes PARF F20x F25x Diagnostic Manual Mental Disorders [Fourth Edition] DSM-IV code 295x) over 3 policy periods: prelegalization (January 2006 November 2015), (December 2015 September 2018), (October 2018 2022). A secondary outcome diagnosis psychosis not otherwise specified (NOS) F29x 298x). Segmented linear regression used 2018. Results The included individuals (mean [SD] age, 39.3 [16.1] years; 6 804 906 males [50.1%]), whom 118 650 (0.9%) had CUD. total 91 106 (0.7%) developed (80 523 470 031 [0.6%] general population vs 10 583 [8.9%] CUD). almost tripled 3.7% (95% CI, 2.7%-4.7%) during period 10.3% 8.9%-11.7%) period. postlegalization ranged 18.9% 16.8%-21.0%) 19 24 1.8% 1.1%-2.6%) females 45 years. annual incidence stable time, while NOS increased 30.0 55.1 per 100 000 (83.7%) relative steadily no accelerations changes, increases accelerated liberalization. Conclusions Relevance In proportion incident substantial policy. Ongoing research indicated understand long-term associations prevalence psychotic disorders.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Cannabis Use Disorder Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations and 5-Year Mortality DOI Creative Commons
Daniel T. Myran, Michael Pugliese, André J. McDonald

et al.

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. e2457852 - e2457852

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Importance Cannabis use disorders (CUD) are associated with adverse health effects, including mental and motor vehicle collision-related injuries. However, little is known about whether CUDs increased mortality risk. Objective To examine individuals receiving incident hospital-based care (an emergency department visit or hospitalization) for a CUD risk of death. Design, Setting, Participants This population-based retrospective cohort study included all aged 15 to 105 years living in Ontario, Canada, between 2006 2021 (n = 11 622 571 individuals). Overall cause-specific were compared age- sex-matched members the general population other substance using hazard models adjusted comorbid health, use, chronic conditions. Statistical analysis was performed from September December 2024. Exposure Incident care. Main Outcomes Measures identified vital statistics. Results The matched 527 972 (mean [SD] age, 29.9 [13.6] years; 330 034 [62.5%] female) median (IQR) follow-up 5 (3-9) 106 994 had CUD. Within care, 3770 (3.5%) died (0.6%) members. After adjusting conditions, at death relative (adjusted ratio [aHR], 2.79 [95% CI, 2.62-2.97]). Individuals investigated types particularly elevated by suicide (aHR, 9.70 6.04-15.57]), trauma 4.55 3.55-5.82]), opioid poisoning 5.03 2.86-8.84]), drug poisonings 4.56 3.11-6.68]), lung cancer 3.81 2.39-6.07]) population. Compared an individual CUD, alcohol 1.30 1.26-1.34]), stimulants 1.69 1.62-1.75]), opioids 2.19 2.10-2.27]) relatively within years. Conclusions Relevance In this residents markedly These findings suggest important clinical policy implications, given global trends toward cannabis legalization market commercialization accompanied increasing CUDs.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Association between non-medical cannabis legalization and emergency department visits for cannabis-induced psychosis DOI
Daniel T. Myran, Michael Pugliese, Rhiannon Roberts

et al.

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 4251 - 4260

Published: July 27, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

24
AGA Clinical Practice Update on Diagnosis and Management of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Commentary DOI Open Access
Alberto Rubio–Tapia, Richard W. McCallum, Michael Camilleri

et al.

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 166(5), P. 930 - 934.e1

Published: March 5, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Exploring causal mechanisms of psychosis risk DOI Creative Commons
Dominic Oliver, Edward Chesney, Alexis E. Cullen

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 105699 - 105699

Published: May 6, 2024

Robust epidemiological evidence of risk and protective factors for psychosis is essential to inform preventive interventions. Previous syntheses have classified these according their strength association with psychosis. In this critical review we appraise the distinct overlapping mechanisms 25 key environmental psychosis, link mechanistic pathways that may contribute neurochemical alterations hypothesised underlie psychotic symptoms. We then discuss implications our findings future research, specifically considering interactions between factors, exploring universal subgroup-specific improving understanding temporality dynamics, standardising operationalisation measurement developing interventions targeting factors.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
The Complex Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health: Considering the Influence of Cannabis Use Patterns and Individual Factors DOI
Kelly A. Sagar, Staci A. Gruber

CNS Drugs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Cannabidiol, Delta‐9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol, and Their Metabolites in Healthy Adults After Administration by Multiple Routes DOI Creative Commons
Lixuan Qian, Tao Zhang, Jean C. Dinh

et al.

Clinical and Translational Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The two most extensively studied cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are used for myriad conditions. THC is predominantly eliminated via the cytochromes P450 (CYPs), whereas CBD through both CYPs UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). fractional contributions of these enzymes to cannabinoid metabolism have shown conflicting results among studies. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models drug–drug interaction studies involving or as object drugs were developed verified improve estimates contributions. First, physicochemical parameters CBD, THC, their metabolites (7‐OH‐CBD, 11‐OH‐THC, 11‐COOH‐THC) obtained from literature optimized. Second, PBPK base after intravenous administration. Third, beginning with models, absorption oral oromucosal spray administration oral, inhalation, full well‐captured area under concentration–time curve (AUC) peak concentration ( C max ) verification dataset. Predicted AUC 7‐OH‐CBD within two‐fold observed data. For 11‐COOH‐THC, 100%, 83% predicted values two‐fold, respectively, values; 92%, 94% values, values. could be help address critical public health needs, including assessing potential drug risks THC.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Chiral Recognition of CIAC001 Isomers in Regulating Pyruvate Kinase M2 and Mitigating Neuroinflammation DOI
Sha Jin, Xue Wang, Xin Zhou

et al.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 117262 - 117262

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The adverse public health effects of non-medical cannabis legalisation in Canada and the USA DOI Creative Commons
Tesfa Mekonen Yimer,

Eva Hoch,

Benedikt Fischer

et al.

The Lancet Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. e148 - e159

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

SummaryCannabis consumption is legally prohibited in most countries the world. Several are legalising cannabis for adult consumption. It important to monitor public health effects of these policy changes. In this paper, we summarise evidence date on legalisation non-medical use Canada and USA. We describe regulatory models legalisation, changes products pricing, illicit market, use, cannabis-related physical mental harms. discuss challenges assessing outcomes emphasise importance continuous rigorous monitoring adverse inform design policies regulations.

Language: Английский

Citations

1