Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 2749 - 2749

Published: June 14, 2023

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy and high-fructose products. present review aims to describe the effect on metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status; impact gut microbiota mitochondrial fitness; cardiovascular health, mental cancer; sanitary cost diet. To achieve this goal, consensus critical was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, secondary including bibliographic indexes, databases, web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, Web were used complete assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental “metabolism” used. following exclusion criteria applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane review’s focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings conferences, unpublished studies. This information will allow for better comprehension nutritional behavior its an individual’s metabolism well national systems. Finally, practical applications derived from are made.

Language: Английский

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Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses

BMJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e077310 - e077310

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Abstract Objective To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. Design Systematic umbrella review meta-analyses. Data sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Database Reviews, well manual searches reference lists from 2009 June 2023. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies reviews meta-analyses cohort, case-control, and/or cross sectional study designs. credibility evidence, pre-specified were applied, graded convincing (“class I”), highly suggestive II”), III”), weak IV”), or no V”). The quality was assessed using GRADE (Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, Evaluations) framework, categorised “high,” “moderate,” “low,” “very low” quality. Results search identified 45 unique pooled analyses, including 13 dose-response 32 non-dose-response (n=9 888 373). Overall, direct found foods (71%) parameters spanning mortality, cancer, mental, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic Based on criteria, (class I) supported greater higher risks incident cardiovascular disease related mortality (risk ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.37 1.63; GRADE=very low) type 2 diabetes (dose-response risk 1.12, 1.11 1.13; moderate), prevalent anxiety outcomes (odds 1.48, 1.59; combined common mental disorder 1.53, 1.43 low). Highly II) indicated that directly associated with all cause 1.21, 1.15 1.27; low), heart (hazard 1.66, 1.51 1.84; 1.40, 1.23 very depressive 1.22, 1.16 1.28; together sleep 1.41, 1.24 1.61; wheezing 1.27 1.55; obesity 1.55, 1.36 1.77; Of remaining 34 21 strength III-IV) V). 22 analyses rated low quality, 19 four moderate Conclusions Greater a outcomes, especially cardiometabolic, disorder, These findings provide rationale develop effectiveness population based public measures target reduce dietary improved human health. They also inform support urgent mechanistic research. registration PROSPERO CRD42023412732.

Language: Английский

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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Three Large Prospective U.S. Cohort Studies

Diabetes Care, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(7), P. 1335 - 1344

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among 3 large U.S. cohorts, conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, assessed meta-evidence quality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS included 71,871 women from Nurses’ Health Study, 87,918 Study II, 38,847 men Professional Follow-Up Study. Diet was using frequency questionnaires UPF categorized per NOVA classification. Associations total subgroups with T2D were Cox proportional hazards models. subsequently studies on risk, quality NutriGrade scoring system. RESULTS Among cohorts (5,187,678 person-years; n = 19,503 cases), hazard ratio for comparing extreme quintiles (percentage grams day) 1.46 (95% CI 1.39–1.54). subgroups, refined breads; sauces, spreads, condiments; artificially sugar-sweetened beverages; animal-based products; ready-to-eat mixed dishes associated higher risk. Cereals; dark whole-grain packaged sweet savory snacks; fruit-based yogurt dairy-based desserts lower In (n 415,554 participants; 21,932 each 10% increment in 12% 10%–13%) Per NutriGrade, high-quality evidence supports this relationship. CONCLUSIONS High-quality shows that consumption is However, some cohorts.

Language: Английский

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Consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 100771 - 100771

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

It is currently unknown whether ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption associated with a higher incidence of multimorbidity. We examined the relationship total and subgroup UPFs risk multimorbidity defined as co-occurrence at least two chronic diseases in an individual among first cancer any site, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes.

Language: Английский

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Ultra-processed food consumption, cancer risk and cancer mortality: a large-scale prospective analysis within the UK Biobank

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56, P. 101840 - 101840

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

BackgroundGlobal dietary patterns are increasingly dominated by relatively cheap, highly palatable, and ready-to-eat ultra-processed foods (UPFs). However, prospective evidence is limited on cancer development mortality in relation to UPF consumption. This study examines associations between consumption risk of associated for 34 site-specific cancers a large cohort British adults.MethodsThis included UK Biobank participants (aged 40–69 years) who completed 24-h recalls 2009 2012 (N = 197426, 54.6% women) were followed up until Jan 31, 2021. Food items consumed categorised according their degree food processing using the NOVA classification system. Individuals' was expressed as percentage total intake (g/day). Prospective assessed multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted baseline socio-demographic characteristics, smoking status, physical activity, body mass index, alcohol energy intake.FindingsThe mean 22.9% (SD 13.3%) diet. During median follow-up time 9.8 years, 15,921 individuals developed 4009 cancer-related deaths occurred. Every 10 points increment with an increased incidence overall (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04) specifically ovarian (1.19; 1.08–1.30) cancer. Furthermore, every (1.06; 1.03–1.09), (1.30; 1.13–1.50), breast (1.16; 1.02–1.32) mortality.InterpretationOur UK-based suggests that higher may be linked burden certain especially women.FundingThe Cancer Research World Fund.

Language: Английский

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Ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic health: public health policies to reduce consumption cannot wait

BMJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e075294 - e075294

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Incomplete understanding of the multiple mechanisms underlying link between ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic health should not be an excuse for inaction argue Mathilde Touvier colleagues

Language: Английский

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Host-diet-gut microbiome interactions influence human energy balance: a randomized clinical trial

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 31, 2023

The gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of human energy balance. Prior studies in humans lacked the environmental and dietary controls precision required to quantitatively evaluate contributions microbiome. Using Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) designed deliver more substrates colon therefore modulate microbiome, we quantified microbial host balance controlled feeding study with randomized crossover design young, healthy, weight stable males females (NCT02939703). In metabolic ward where environment was strictly controlled, measured intake, expenditure, output (fecal urinary). primary endpoint within-participant difference metabolizable between experimental conditions [Control, Western (WD) vs. MBD]. secondary endpoints were enteroendocrine hormones, hunger/satiety, food intake. Here show that, compared WD, MBD leads an additional 116 ± 56 kcals (P < 0.0001) lost feces daily thus, lower for (89.5 0.73%; range 84.2-96.1% on 95.4 0.21%; 94.1-97.0% WD; P without changes hunger/satiety or intake > 0.05). Microbial 16S rRNA gene copy number (a surrogate biomass) increases 0.0001), beta-diversity (whole genome shotgun sequencing; = 0.02), fermentation products increase 0.01) WD along significant system 0.0001). substantial interindividual variability explained part by fecal SCFAs biomass. Our results reveal complex host-diet-microbiome interplay that modulates

Language: Английский

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Obesogens: a unifying theory for the global rise in obesity

International Journal of Obesity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(4), P. 449 - 460

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Despite varied treatment, mitigation, and prevention efforts, the global prevalence severity of obesity continue to worsen. Here we propose a combined model obesity, unifying paradigm that links four general models: energy balance (EBM), based on calories as driver weight gain; carbohydrate-insulin (CIM), insulin storage; oxidation-reduction (REDOX), reactive oxygen species (ROS) altered metabolic signaling; obesogens (OBS), which proposes environmental chemicals interfere with hormonal signaling leading adiposity. We OBS/REDOX in (in air, food, food packaging, household products) generate false autocrine endocrine signals, including ROS, subvert standard regulatory mechanisms, increase basal stimulated secretion, disrupt efficiency, influence appetite expenditure gain. This incorporates data supporting EBM CIM models, thus creating one integrated covers significant aspects all mechanisms potentially contributing pandemic. Importantly, provides rationale approach for future preventative efforts chemical exposure reduction.

Language: Английский

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Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 21, 2024

Abstract Over the last decades, Mediterranean diet gained enormous scientific, social, and commercial attention due to proven positive effects on health undeniable taste that facilitated a widespread popularity. Researchers have investigated role of Mediterranean-type dietary patterns human all around world, reporting consistent findings concerning its benefits. However, what does truly define diet? The myriad scores synthesizes nutritional content diet, but variety aspects are generally unexplored when studying adherence this pattern. Among factors, main characteristics such as consumption fruit vegetables, olive oil, cereals should be accompanied by other underrated features, following: (i) specific reference whole-grain consumption; (ii) considering legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs spices often untested exploring diet; (iii) eggs dairy products common foods consumed in region (irrespectively modern demonization fat intake). Another feature includes (red) wine consumption, more general alcohol intake unmeasured, lacking specificity drinking occasion intensity (i.e., during meals). aspects, cooking methods rather simple yet extremely varied. Several related quality food was first investigated: locally produced, minimally processed, preserved with natural fermentation), strongly connected territory limited controlled impact environment. Dietary habits also associated lifestyle behaviors, sleeping patterns, social cultural values, favoring commensality frugality. In conclusion, it is reductive consider just pattern groups decontextualized from geographical background culture. While methodologies study demonstrated useful up date, holistic approach considered future studies aforementioned features values potentially applied globally through concept “Planeterranean” diet.

Language: Английский

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Food additive emulsifiers and the risk of type 2 diabetes: analysis of data from the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort study

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 339 - 349

Published: April 23, 2024

Experimental studies have suggested potential detrimental effects of emulsifiers on gut microbiota, inflammation, and metabolic perturbations. We aimed to investigate the associations between exposures food additive risk type 2 diabetes in a large prospective cohort French adults.

Language: Английский

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