A qualitative study of Benzodiazepine/Z-drug and Opioid co-use patterns and overdose risk DOI Creative Commons
Hannah Family, Gabriele Vojt, Hannah Poulter

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 27, 2024

Background: Co-use of benzodiazepines and/or 'z-drugs' along with opioids is linked to the rise in drug related deaths (DRD) UK. Understanding patterns co-use could inform harm reduction strategies for reducing DRDs. This study explored how people co-use, including dosages, timings, methods administration, use other substances and desired effects sought. Methods: Forty-eight semi-structured interviews across Glasgow Scotland (n=28), Bristol (n=10) Teesside England individuals who illicit prescribed benzodiazepines/z-drugs were conducted. Eighteen co-facilitated qualitatively trained local peer researchers. Interviews analysed using Framework method. Results: Six generated: (1) aid sleep or come down, (2) curated opioid agonist therapy (OAT) only (3) morning evening benzodiazepine doses throughout day (4) binges (5) day, (6) plus OAT. Patterns one three reflected more controlled a focus on self-medicating give confidence, manage anxiety, promote come-down from cocaine/ketamine. four six involved greater poly-drug use, less seeking euphoria ("warm glow", "gouching out") oblivion (to escape untreated mental health conditions trauma). two, three, five daily co-use. People switched between depending available resources (e.g. finances) changes prescriptions (opioids benzodiazepines). Near-fatal overdoses reported by participants all patterns. conceptualised as presenting overdose risk due extensive polydrug use. Conclusions: The identified provide opportunities future strategies, tailoring advice, updated prescribing guidance policies, need better access care, reduce

Language: Английский

A qualitative study of benzodiazepine/z-drug and opioid co-use patterns and overdose risk DOI Creative Commons
Hannah Family, Gabriele Vojt, Hannah Poulter

et al.

Harm Reduction Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Abstract Background Co-use of benzodiazepines and/or ‘z-drugs’ along with opioids is linked to the rise in drug related deaths (DRD) UK. Understanding patterns co-use could inform harm reduction strategies for reducing DRDs. This study explored how people co-use, including dosages, timings, methods administration, use other substances and desired effects sought. Methods Forty-eight semi-structured interviews across Glasgow Scotland (n = 28), Bristol 10) Teesside England individuals who illicit prescribed benzodiazepines/z-drugs were conducted. Eighteen co-facilitated qualitatively trained local peer researchers. Interviews analysed using Framework method. Results Six generated: (1) aid sleep or come down, (2) curated opioid agonist therapy (OAT) only (3) morning evening benzodiazepine doses throughout day (4) binges (5) day, (6) plus OAT. Patterns one three reflected more controlled a focus on self-medicating give confidence, manage anxiety, promote come-down from cocaine/ketamine. four six involved greater poly-drug use, less seeking euphoria (“warm glow”, “gouching out”) oblivion (to escape untreated mental health conditions trauma). two, three, five daily co-use. People switched between depending available resources (e.g. finances) changes prescriptions (opioids benzodiazepines). Near-fatal overdoses reported by participants all patterns. conceptualised as presenting overdose risk due extensive polydrug use. Conclusions The identified provide opportunities future strategies, tailoring advice updated prescribing guidance policies, need better access care, reduce

Language: Английский

Citations

2
High levels of all-cause mortality among people who inject drugs from 2018 to 2022 DOI
Sotirios Roussos, Theodoros Angelopoulos, Εvangelos Cholongitas

et al.

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 126, P. 104356 - 104356

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Prevalence of opioid dependence in Scotland 2015–2020: A multi‐parameter estimation of prevalence (MPEP) study DOI Creative Commons
Andreas Markoulidakis, Matthew Hickman, Andrew McAuley

et al.

Addiction, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119(8), P. 1410 - 1420

Published: April 17, 2024

Abstract Background and aims Drug‐related deaths in Scotland more than doubled between 2011 2020. To inform policymakers understand drivers of this increase, we estimated the number people with opioid dependence aged 15–64 from 2014/15 to 2019/20. Design We fitted a Bayesian multi‐parameter estimation prevalence (MPEP) model, using adverse event rates estimate jointly Opioid Agonist Therapy (OAT), opioid‐related mortality hospital admissions data. Estimates are stratified by age group, sex year. Setting Scotland, Participants People potential benefit OAT, whether ever treated or not. Using data Scottish Public Health Drug Linkage Programme, identified baseline cohort individuals who had received OAT within last 5 years, all (whether among outside cohort). Measurements Rates each type (unobserved) were modelled. Findings The 2019/20 was 47 100 (95% Credible Interval [CrI] 45 700 48 600) 1.32% CrI 1.28% 1.37%). Of these, 61% during Prevalence Greater Glasgow Clyde as 1.77% 1.69% 1.85%). There weak evidence that overall fell slightly (change −0.07%, 95% ‐0.14% 0.00%). population is ageing, 15–34 reducing 5100 3800 6400) 50–64 increasing 2800 2100 3500) Conclusions remained high but relatively stable, only small reduction, Increased numbers can be attributed increased risk dependence, rather prevalence.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Psychosocial factors associated with overdose subsequent to Illicit Drug use: a systematic review and narrative synthesis DOI Creative Commons
Christopher J. Byrne, Fabio Sani,

Donna Thain

et al.

Harm Reduction Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 15, 2024

Abstract Background and aims Psychological social status, environmental context, may mediate the likelihood of experiencing overdose subsequent to illicit drug use. The aim this systematic review was identify synthesise psychosocial factors associated with among people who use drugs. Methods This registered on Prospero (CRD42021242495). Systematic record searches were undertaken in databases peer-reviewed literature (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cinahl) grey sources (Google Scholar) for work published up including 14 February 2023. Reference lists selected full-text papers searched additional records. Studies eligible if they included drugs a focus relationships between Results tabulated narratively synthesised. Twenty-six studies review, 150,625 participants: those 3,383–4072 (3%) experienced overdose. Twenty-one (81%) conducted North America 23 (89%) reported polydrug Psychosocial risk ( n = 103) identified thematically organised into ten groups. These were: income; housing instability; incarceration; traumatic experiences; perception past experience; healthcare own injecting skills; setting; conditions physical environment; network traits. Conclusions Global rates continue increase, many guidelines recommend interventions dependent here provide useful targets practitioners at individual level, but will require wider policy changes affect positive change. Future research should seek develop trial targeting identified, whilst advocacy key reforms reduce harm must continue.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Monitoring hepatitis C elimination among people who inject drugs: A broader approach is required DOI Creative Commons
Gregory J. Dore

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 137, P. 104712 - 104712

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The OPTIMUS International Consensus Guidance for Monitoring User-Reported Outcomes of Opioid Maintenance Treatment: a Delphi Study DOI Creative Commons
Lucas Wiessing,

Deniz Akartuna,

Jérôme Antoine

et al.

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Risk of drug-related death associated with co-prescribing of gabapentinoids and Z-drugs among people receiving opioid-agonist treatment: a national retrospective cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Megan Glancy, Norah Palmateer, Alan C. Yeung

et al.

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 339, P. 116028 - 116028

Published: June 12, 2024

Prescribing of gabapentinoids and Z-drug-hypnotics has increased in the population among people receiving opioid-agonist treatment (OAT) for opioid dependence. Evidence is mixed on whether co-prescribing sedatives such as Z-drugs during OAT increases risk drug-related death (DRD).

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Increased risk of non-fatal overdose associated with non-prescribed benzodiazepine use in Scotland, UK DOI Creative Commons
Andrew McAuley, Norah Palmateer, David Goldberg

et al.

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 104236 - 104236

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Drug-related deaths (DRDs) in Scotland increased for seven years a row between 2014 and 2020, consolidating Scotland's place at the top of United Kingdom European drug-related mortality charts. One defining features this recent rapid rise has been role benzodiazepines, which are now involved majority all DRDs. These linked to use non-prescribed, benzodiazepine-type novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have identified by Nations as global threat public health. This study aimed estimate prevalence determinants non-prescribed benzodiazepine its association with non-fatal overdose among national sample people who inject drugs (PWID). Data from 2019-20 Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI) was analysed using logistic regression. NESI is voluntary, anonymous, biennial, cross-sectional, bio-behavioural survey PWID attending community-based services providing injecting equipment mainland Scotland. Prevalence past six months 52% significantly associated age (aOR 0.97, 0.96-0.98), frequent incarceration 1.29, 1.07-1.57), 3.25, 2.33-4.55), methadone prescription 1.87, 1.51-2.33), history 1.92, 1.47-2.52). In addition, year 2.47, 1.90-3.21). found high highest populations known be risk death strongly overdose. findings highlight scale issue faces, urgency required expand harm reduction infrastructure address unique element crisis.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Opioid Agonist Maintenance Treatment Outcomes—The OPTIMUS International Consensus Towards Evidence-Based and Patient-Centred Care, an Interim Report DOI
Lucas Wiessing,

Prakashini Banka-Cullen,

Gabriela Barbaglia

et al.

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 26, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Developing a Theoretically Informed Implementation Model for Telemedicine-Delivered Medication for Opioid Use Disorder: Qualitative Study With Key Informants DOI Creative Commons
Joseph Tay Wee Teck, Rosalind Gittins, Giedre Zlatkute

et al.

JMIR Mental Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10, P. e47186 - e47186

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

Background Telemedicine-delivered medication for opioid use disorder (TMOUD) has become more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in North America. This is considered a positive development as TMOUD potential to increase access evidence-based treatment population heavily affected by crisis and consequent rising mortality morbidity rates relation disorder. Despite of TMOUD, there are no established service- process-focused models guide implementation this intervention. Objective study aims develop process- service-focused model collaboration with key stakeholders bring together peer-reviewed literature, practice-based knowledge, expert opinions. Methods The simple rules evidence translation complex systems framework was applied 6-step qualitative study. steps were definition scope objectives model, identification evidence, stakeholder engagement, draft development, informant consultation, final specification. Results specification incorporated strategic priorities, service delivery prerequisites, design elements, process domains, iterative cycles evaluation improvement. Conclusions Through engagement we produced model. modifiable different contexts settings while also keeping current base national international standards high-quality care.

Language: Английский

Citations

4